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SONANGOL UNIVERSO ISSUE 30 – JUNE 201 1 Universo is the international magazine of Sonangol Board Members INSID E THI S ISSUE Manuel Vicente (President), Anabela Fonseca, Mateus de Brito, Fernando Roberto, Francisco de Lemos, ur June edition throws light on different aspects of life in Baptista Sumbe, Sebastião Gaspar Martins Angola, reflecting its increasingly dynamic economy and Sonangol Department for reconstruction process. Communication & Image O Improvements in the quality of Luanda’s hotels along with the Director João Rosa Santos attractions of the capital’s short-break tourism options are examined in Corporate Communications our Luring Tourists feature. Assistants We follow this with an X-ray of Brazil’s long-standing connections Nadiejda Santos, Lúcio Santos, with Angola, relations that continue to expand, especially in the buoyant José Mota, Beatriz Silva, Paula Almeida, Sandra Teixeira, services sector. Marta Sousa Angolan music in its multiple and infectious forms is the theme of Publisher our third feature. Angola has not only inspired Brazilian samba but Sheila O’Callaghan newer genres, such as kuduro, which are wowing audiences worldwide. Editor John Kolodziejski Their sensationally elastic dance moves make Michael Jackson’s Art Director routines appear almost wooden in comparison. Tony Hill Paris, the birthplace of Cubism, is the fitting venue for our fourth Sub Editor story, where Angolan art is on show. Universo reviews the exhibition of Ron Gribble Angolan artefacts of a kind that served as inspiration for this giant step Circulation Manager Matthew Alexander towards modern abstract art. Project Consultants Nathalie MacCarthy John Kolodziejski, Editor Mauro Perillo Group President John Charles Gasser

Universo is produced by Impact Media Custom Publishing. The views expressed in the publication are not necessarily those of Sonangol or the publishers. s i

Reproduction in whole or in part without o b u D

prior permission is prohibited. s e h g u H This magazine is distributed to a closed &

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circulation. To receive a free copy: p p a D

[email protected] e é 30

16 e s u Circulation: 17,000 M

The Universo team while in Luanda stay at: www.hotelrouxinol.com Davenport House 16 Pepper Street, London E14 9RP Tel + 44 20 7510 9595 Fax +44 20 7510 9596 [email protected] a k o s s i K 48 o s s

Cover: Chris Saunders e m i K

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4 AngolA news briefing 30 AngolA’s HeArtbeAt Angola’s giant dinosaur named; China’s Vice-Premier An A-Z of Angola’s music with a panorama of the visits Luanda; Russian credit boosts Angola satellite current scene in Luanda project; Namibe-Lubango railroad on track; Luanda sea John Kolodziejski, Editor terminals plan; Angola gets World Bank anti-poverty sonAngol news briefing loan; Luanda clampdown on traffic crime; Angola’s 39 largest import; Angolan census date set Sonangol pens 30-year São Tomé port and airport concession; El Paso Mississippi plant on schedule to receive Angolan LNG; Sonangol invests in accident figured out 5 prevention; Sonangol plans new office in Venezuela; A brief look at Angola in numbers Girassol Clinic starts paediatric heart surgery programme; Sonangol backs Saurimo schools; 6 luring tourists Sonangol rally team wins Desert Challenge race; Luanda’s hotel sector is rising fast in quantity and Sonangol petrol stations boom; go-ahead for more quality, helping provide growing visitor numbers subsalt wells; Sonangol drilling in Iraq begins for the embryonic local tourism industry which is also enjoying easier access to beaches, mountains and wildlife 43 PlAnet suite suCCess Sonangol names its latest floating production storage and offloading vessel, PVSM, after four planets, each 16 AngolAn Art letter representing an oilfield off Angola’s coast A look at inspirational Angolan art, traditional and modern, in Paris’ Dapper Museum 48 leAder role in refining Sonangol vice-president Anabela Fonseca takes the 22 oldest strAtegiC AllY chair of the African Refiners Association, which aims Brazil and Angola’s relationship dates back to the 16th to attract greater investment to the sector century but only fully-flowered in a mutually- beneficial way after Angola’s independence. Today, both countries are not only trading but investing 50 AngolA CountrY inforMAtion heavily in each other’s assets The key facts and figures

JUNE 2011 3 Ang ola ne ws briefing

Set for liftoff Angola’s giant Angola has been granted a loan worth $278.5 million from Russia’s Export and Import Bank to fund a new satellite project. Placing the satellite, planned since 2008, will make it possible to provide international access, support and expan- sion of broadband internet services, transmission to telecommunications operators and access to support for television and radio network services. The financing agreement for the An- gosat project was signed by Angola’s Fi- nance Minister Carlos Lopes and the chairman of Russia’s Eximbank, Nikolai Gavrilov, representing a syndicate of Russian banks including the Development and Foreign Trade Bank, Roseximbank and VPD. The satellite is expected to be sent into orbit by a Russian operator The first dinosaur found in Angola has been named the Angolatitan adamastor. in 2012. Angolatitan means ‘Angolan giant’ and adamastor refers to the mythical sea giant of the South Atlantic feared by Portuguese sailors. The long-necked sauropod was uncovered in 2005 about 70km north of Luanda by Portuguese paleontologist Octá vio Mateus from Portugal’s Universidade Nova de Desert line Lisboa and Museum of Lourinhã. Remains of the large plant-eating dinosaur, which was believed to have been 13 on track metres long and lived 90 million years ago during the late Cretaceous period, were The Moçâmedes train line (CFM) found in marine sediments. from Namibe to Lubango is due “These and other fossils tell us an amazing story about the climate and climate to relaunch in 2011. It will be followed change in this part of the world,” says Louis Jacobs from the Southern Methodist by the Benguela Railway (CFB), which University, who is a member of the Mateus PaleoAngola Project team. “In an oil- links the port town of Lobito with the producing country like Angola, this project helps us to understand the geology of the eastern border with Zambia via region and the implications for its richness.” Huambo in the heart of the country. The detailed description, in which the Angolatitan adamastor officially received its The Caminhos de Ferro de Luanda scientific name, was presented in the publication Anais da Academia Brasileira de (CFL) opened for service in late Ciências (Annals of the Brazilian Academy of Sciences). December 2010 linking the capital As well as discovering Angola’s first dinosaur, the PaleoAngola team has uncovered Luanda with Malange. mosasaurs, plesiosaurs, turtles and other cretaceous marine animals. The long-term goal of the project is to create a strong and lasting institutional and scientific collaboration with Angolan academia. China raises co-operation Chinese Vice-Premier Wang Qishan visited Luanda on a two-day visit to promote relations between China and Angola. The two countries established a strategic partnership in 2010, and Wang Qishan said a ç a China was ready to increase its co-operation with Angola. New areas in the partnership, he r T

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e said, could include trade, energy, mining and the agricultural sectors. n e m a K

4 SONANGOL UNIVERSO Figured out Sea terminals plan Angola is to get eight maritime passenger terminals Five along the coast of new hospitals are being built Luanda, Transport in Luanda during 2011 Minister Augusto da Silva Tomás told parliament. The sites will be at the slave museum (near Luanda golf course), e t o c

Panguila, Samba and a P

o i r Benfica with longer-term a M .55 plans to extend the scheme to Cabinda, Zaire, Benguela and Namibe – and to rivers in Kuando Kubango. Last year a private water-taxi service began commuter services between Futungo, Luanda Sul, Sonils and Ilha do Cabo in the centre of Luanda. 8mil lion World Bank loan carats of diamonds produced by Angola in 2010 The World Bank has lent Angola $81.7 million to fund development projects. The money will be spent on local schemes run by the government’s anti-poverty agency, the Social Action Fund. It includes developing infrastructure, strengthening institutions and improving local economic opportunities. 399,469 Red light for traffic crime expatriates living in Angola The provincial government of Luanda has created a special unit to combat traffic problems and reduce congestion in the city. Plans include cracking down on traffic- O law violations by using cameras to record them, and having extra traffic signalling in order O to promote freer flow of vehicles. There are also plans for increased public transport services, particularly to outlying areas.

1GDP0 growth p.red5iction for Cement leads imports Census date set 2012 by IMF Cement is Angola’s largest import A full population census is to be item. Figures from the Conselho carried out in Angola in 2013. Amount to be spent on preserving Nacional de Carregadores (CNC) show The long-awaited study will collect data the Palanca Negra giant antelope: that Angola imported more than 14 million on all aspects of Angolans’ lifestyles tonnes of goods in 2010 with cement including occupation, income, living making up 19 per cent of that total. conditions and access to water Beer was the second biggest import, and electricity. followed by sugar and sugar products, More than 40,000 people will be wine and meat. China was the largest involved in collecting and analysing the source of Angolan imports (with almost 25 data. It will be the first full population per cent), followed by Portugal, Brazil, census to be carried out since 1970, Belgium, Spain and South Africa. before Angola gained independence from Portugal. $6 million

JUNE 2011 5 HOTELS & TOURISM

View from the Hotel Skyna

6 SONANGOL UNIVERSO LURING TOURISTS Luanda’s expanding hotel sector, sparked by Angola’s economic boom, is clearly in evidence as new tower blocks sprout along the city’s skyline. Universo examines what they offer and takes a look at tourist options within reach of the ocean side capital a n y k S

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Hotel Skyna dining room

uanda’s story in recent decades New outlook has been one of crushing A recent addition to Luanda’s demand for accommodation as accommodation portfolio is the swish four- L the population has swollen to star Hotel Skyna. This bright, modern hotel over 4 million. was completed in time for the 2010 African The city’s hotel sector has developed Cup of Nations, hosted by Angola. at a somewhat slower pace than residential “We took a long time planning the developments but hotels are now the hotel and opened in time for the soccer reason for a raft of excitingly prominent tournament, showing we can deliver,” said projects, especially at sites with easy access Danilo Cruz, marketing director at to Luanda’s business district. Sociedade Comercial de Investimentos Luanda’s historic room shortages are Gerais Lda, Socinger. reflected in sky-high prices. The The Skyna is the first hotel project comfortable but modest family-run developed by the Socinger investment firm. Rouxinol Guesthouse, at the lower end, “Socinger goes where the opportunities charges $270 a night, while a room at the are,” said Cruz. The company has an top-of-the-range Hotel Talatona in the eclectic approach to investment in Angola, upmarket Luanda Sul district on the city’s which includes a glass factory, magazine southern fringes costs around $600. and further-education publication sales.

8 SONANGOL UNIVERSO Cruz formerly held down top jobs in Service rewards which historically had been booked up product planning and customer analysis Skyna rewards good service and also months in advance, now had vacancies. for Honda in Europe and is one of a new runs an Employee of the Month scheme Hotels with a service ethos are now breed of experienced, highly-qualified where staff can nominate other colleagues. challenging the previous take-it-or-leave- managers and specialists entering Angola’s Its methods appear to be working as staff it mindset that resulted from chronic hotel sector. turnover rates are low. room shortages. He recognises staff training as the key Cruz believes that the secret of keeping Clients are not only being wooed by ingredient in running a successful hotel, good staff and avoiding poaching by rivals new hotels but also by the growing supply of but points out that the concept of customer is not just about salary, but in making accommodation in residential blocks, often service is a relatively new one in Angola and employees feel excited by their own built by multinational companies with long- needs developing. “Hotel service is our development, learning experience and term business interests in the country. number one priority, and it’s equally job security. Although new rival hotels can be seen important to use Angolan staff,” he said. from the Skyna’s own doorstep, Cruz Skyna treasures good local workers Growing competition remains unfazed by competition. “New and wants them to stay with the hotel and As the supply of hotel rooms expands, hotels are good for Luanda as they offer make their careers with it, said Cruz. finding a place to stay is slowly easing in synergies and help advertise the location. “Eagerness and willingness to learn are Luanda and is kindling competition. One Corporate customers also open doors to more important than having experience hotel manager noted that at least one hotel, tourism,” he said. because someone with a good curriculum may not have good work habits. “We teach everyone the basics and assume they know nothing. We then offer “Hotel service is our number one priority staff a clear career path, keep on training them and aim to keep them happy.” and it’s equally important to use Angolan staff” – Danilo Cruz

Hotel Talatona . d t L k a u n z y a r k S B

JUNE 2011 9 HOTELS & TOURISM

Cruz said he saw signs of his running year-old son of owners Farah and Foad microfiltration equipment means ice and costs coming down. All the Skyna’s salads, Naimi, enthusiastically embraces his food-preparation water is free from vegetables and some fruits are now locally parents’ philosophy of personalised, harmful bacteria. supplied and delivered, he said. The dependable service and hospitality. Rouxinol also provides cable TV and suppliers themse lves are also facing more dependable Wi-Fi communications with competition from greater rural production Our differential six high-speed routers, giving net coverage because of improvements to Angola’s roads “Our differential is a clear identity and to all corners of the hotel. and bridges. knowing our clients,” said Shervin Naimi. Cleanliness and effective, silent air- However, Luanda’s current high costs His claim is backed by an impressive record conditioning complete the Rouxinol guest are justified, said Cruz, listing hefty bills for of customer loyalty with good numbers of experience in a quiet corner of a cul-de-sac. maintenance, reserve generators, high land repeat bookings, which include aid Rouxinol’s assiduous service also pays prices, fuel and technicians in order to specialists working with foreign embassies off in customer loyalty. When the provide air-conditioning and other services. in the nearby Miramar diplomatic quarter. guesthouse has faced unavoidable A travel company specialising in “You know what you’re getting at the disruptions, guests have been more adventure tourism noted that prices for Rouxinol; good quality and personal supportive, and during recent dusty and flights to Angola and hotels had been service in a family environment with noisy extension work they stayed on rather falling slightly since the beginning of the homely hospitality,” Naimi added. than sought alternative accommodation. year, while prices to competitor Rouxinol ensures reliable facilities for The newest addition to Luanda’s range destinations have been rising. guests. Two generators guarantee energy of top-line hotels is the 288-room Epic The Rouxinol Guesthouse provides when there are network problems, SANA. This 5-star hotel, conference and arguably the best regarded lodgings in reflecting the belt-and-braces approach of leisure complex is very near completion Luanda, recording the highest customer owner Foad, an electrical engineer. with opening on track for late 2011. satisfaction in online reviews. Backup water supplies come from The venture is part of a well- Administrator Shervin Naimi, the 22- huge reserve tanks, and advanced established chain already boasting nine

Location, location, location

Epic SANA Hotel (left) InterContinental (extreme right) A key consideration for new hotel projects is location. Luanda’s basic geographical division is between the lower and upper city. The lower city, the Baixa, is home to the busy port, offshore services, banks, oil and diamond companies and some government ministries. The upper city hosts the international airport and diplomatic representations, as well as government offices and commercial establishments. Physical proximity is important because Luanda’s roads are notoriously clogged with traffic and short journeys are as well done on foot. Several major hotel projects are halfway up the hill between the two levels: the well-established Hotel Trópico, newcomer 4-star Skyna and two new much larger hotel complexes – Epic SANA and InterContinental – both currently under construction.

10 SONANGOL UNIVERSO . d t L k u z a r B Hot property

Rouxinol is fortunate to have attracted the versatile João Pedro Kasseca Muaxianu, who really understands customer service. João Pedro has experience of managing hotels, restaurants and bars, including the upmarket Cais de Quatro and Espaço Bahia, Luanda bayside leisure points. He not only can turn his hand to room equipment repairs but also works as chef, and has been known to bake . d t

L cakes for the guests in between his k u z a r supervisory duties at the hotel. B hotels in the Lisbon area and one in Berlin. Weekend tourism options SANA is part of the Azinor Group trading Angola is blessed with many of the company that has a strong presence in natural resources that have proved Portugal and Africa. “You know what magnets for tourism in other parts of the “Africa, especially Portuguese- world. These include a tropical climate, speaking countries, is a strategic market you’re getting at hundreds of kilometres of unspoilt beaches for SANA. Angola isn’t an unknown market and varied landscapes ranging from humid for us,” said Diana Sequeira Nunes, the Rouxinol; rainforests to highland plateaux. There are SANA’s marketing and communications also exotic flora and fauna and an ocean director. “We can be a reference for good quality and teeming with fish, and potential for excellence in Angola as we are in Portugal. nautical sports. SANA has lots of experience, so adds value personal service” Heavily-populated Luanda has a good to the Angola market.” number of these attractions within striking A range of luxury services planned for – Shervin Naimi distance, especially for a weekend trip, its Luanda hotel supports SANA’s bid for thanks to much improved highways. excellence. Apart from panoramic views, While some excellent beaches are the hotel will host five international eating within walking distance of the downtown places that include Italian and Japanese area, on the long protective spit of the Ilha cuisine, as well as five bars. sheltering Luanda’s harbour, the tourist Leisure complex need not go too far to enjoy almost The hotel also boasts a conference deserted beaches. centre, swimming pools, sauna, Turkish Just south of the city is another long baths and gyms. The Epic SANA includes 50 strip of less-visited beaches on the island of suites for long-term residential guests, a key Mussulo. Access by boat restricts large segment in Luanda where many visitors are migrations to the beaches even at weekends. ex-pat workers on long contracts. Good quality beaches also abound, The fact that SANA is part of a chain especially south of Luanda en route to gives the company a competitive edge and Kissama National Park and beyond. Here, access to a pool of trained staff. turtles lay their eggs largely undisturbed. SANA has a department focused on Angola’s new investment law has training through its academia scheme. made tourism a priority area, and Rosa “One of the main characteristics of SANA Cruz, director general of Infotur, the hotels is the care and attention to the government’s tourism-promotion agency, quality of personal service,” said Nunes. is keen to help the sector grow. “Tourism

JUNE 2011 11 . d t L k u z a r B New giant on the block

The largest hotel and leisure-complex project under way in Luanda is the giant 389-room InterContinental. The complex will give the city more specialty restaurants and extensive conference facilities. The wide frame of the 25-storey unfinished building dominates the hillside leading up to the desirable Miramar diplomatic district, a likely source of visiting guests. Construction of the steel-framed hotel slowed to a snail’s pace in 2010 during the global economic downturn, but by April 2011 work appeared to be . d t L

picking up speed again. InterContinental says completion is set for late 2014. k u z a r B

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Good-quality beaches also abound, especially south of Luanda en route to Kissama National Park

will add to Angola’s economy and help facet to Angola’s oil-dependent economy 32,000 jobs in 2009, making a total of diversify it from mainly oil and mining,” with good, long-term prospects. 134,600 employees in the area, according she said. to the Angolan Hotel and Tourism Market She has been active in raising Special packages Statistical Bulletin. Angola’s international profile in recent Currently, however, the Skyna though Most of the new jobs were made months by leading a mission of domestic busy during the workweek, is almost available in the restaurant subsector, tour operators and hoteliers to industry deserted on Saturday and Sunday, so the which rose to a total of 54,300. Luanda fairs in Lisbon, Madrid, Berlin, Durban hotel offers special packages to encourage accounted for the lion’s share of jobs and Beijing. Future plans include weekend occupancy. Skyna’s clients can growth during the year. attending similar events in the United also make use of local tourism options Nearly 366,000 people visited Angola States and Brazil. provided by specialist companies such as in 2009, 55 per cent more than in 2008. Skyna’s Danilo Cruz agrees. “We think Eco-Tur. Europeans made up the bulk of the tourists Angola has huge tourism potential, and this Angola’s Ministry of Hotels and Tourism with 130,000 visitors, followed by translates into future investment in will complete an inventory of tourism Americans with 76,000. developing Angola as a destination. I resources by July 2011, on which to base its “I believe tourism will be one of believe we won’t have enough hotels here.” master plan for developing the sector. Angola’s top five industries by 2016,” He sees tourism opening up a new Angola’s tourist sector created almost predicted Infotur’s Rosa Cruz. I

JUNE 2011 13 HOTELS & TOURISM

Short break options from Luanda . . d d t t L L k k u u z z a a r r B B . d t L k u

z One day: Kwanza River and Kissama game tour a r B

One day: Massango (16th-century colonial fort on the Kwanza)

Two day: Dondo – N’dalatando-Malange – Pedras Negras (mammoth black rocks on a plain) – Kalandula falls and Capanda Dam

Two day: Benga Waterfalls – Cada – River Queve – Sumbe – Porto Amboim (seaside town)

Two day: Dondo – Calulo – Cabuta (highland coffee farm)

Two day: Calulo- Quibala – Waku Kungo

Source: Eco-Tur l l a a b b o o l l G G

P P M M P P Hotel contacts

A comprehensive one-stop shop for hotels in Angola is available at the www.hoteisangola.com website.

www.tripadvisor.com is a review site indicating clients’ perceptions of hotels.

Local tourism service providers: www.eco-tur.com www.aasafaris.com

14 SONANGOL UNIVERSO Kissama National Park

Mohamed Abdo, a Saudi national and senior technical account manager with Microsoft, took advantage of his weekend break while working in Luanda, by joining Eco-Tur’s daylong safari jeep tour combined with a Kwanza River trip. “I really enjoyed every second of our safari tour. The boat trip and the welcoming experience by Má rio [an Eco-Tur guide] impressed me the most. I would absolutely .

d recommend it,” he said. t L k u z Abdo believes Luanda has great a r B potential in developing its tourist industry. “It’s got the natural gifts to be a very good tourist country: the ocean, green land, weather, animal reserves and mountains. “But more 5-star hotels have to be built and the visa process and requirements need to be eased a little,” he said, to improve the tourist experience. . . d d t t L L k k u u z z a a r r B B

JUNE 2011 15 ART

16 SONANGOL UNIVERSO FIGURES OF POWER By Bill Hinchberger Angolan art is currently the subject of a dedicated exhibition at the Dapper Museum in Paris. Interestingly, the show is in the very district where Picasso saw an African art exhibition in 1907 and was inspired to embark on his Cubist period

JUNE 2011 17 AA RFTURNITURE FACTORY’S REVIVAL

aris likes to think of itself as the The museum is opposite the former southwest of the southernmost point of the world’s cultural capital. Whether residence of Paul Valéry (on a street named territory now occupied by the Chokwe, the or not it deserves that designation after the poet) and within walking distance well-preserved but weathered object Pis open to debate, but it has helped of the Arc de Triomphe. It is located in the represents an animal head. to solidify its position by hosting the city’s same district as the now long-demolished Before the better-known histories of first comprehensive show of Angolan art. Palais du Trocadéro, where Pablo Picasso colonialism, independence, civil war and The 140 pieces in the exhibition, visited an exhibition of African art in 1907. reconstruction, the territory that is now entitled Angola: Figures de Pouvoir (Figures That experience changed the history of Angola was populated by a number of of Power), come from ten European Western art in the 20th century by inspiring robust native civilisations. For a time after institutions and the National Museum of Picasso, in tandem with Georges Braque, to the first Portuguese expedition arrived in Anthropology in Luanda, as well as from create Cubism. 1482, commerce defined the relations private collections. For some of the pieces, between the Europeans and the main tribal this is the first time they have left Africa. Press praise groups such as the Kongo. But the growth The works include sundry styles of Only time will tell whether any of the slave trade and colonisation took masks, carved statues of chiefs evoking the budding Picassos have visited Figures of their tolls. Africans fled the coastal regions, mythic hunter hero Chibinda Ilunga, Power, but the exhibition has caught the and a whole way of life was disrupted. This stunning magical-religious figures, and attention of the French press. “Astonishing exhibition highlights the surviving links much more from the Chokwe, Kongo, artistic creativity,” said Le Figaro. “A between the pre-colonial civilisations and Lwena, Lwimbi, Mwila, Ovimbundu and fascinating universe, a rare artistic today’s society. other tribal groups. ensemble,” added La Tribune. One of As Miguel da Costa, the Angolan France’s leading art critics, Philippe Dagen, Mythic hero ambassador in Paris, says in his wrote in Le Monde : “Unlike most Perhaps nothing better symbolises introduction to the exhibition catalogue: exhibitions on Africa, this one is not this link to the past than the story of the “French society and especially Parisians, exclusively ethnographic in its approach. mythic hero Chibinda Ilunga, represented along with art lovers and students of Among the 140 works on show, many can in the exhibition by his own wooden African art, have the opportunity to see only be understood in the context of together, as never before, artistic and political or economic history.” (Opening spread) cultural artefacts that give witness to the In that respect, the exhibition Chihongo mask, Chokwe,

creative genius of the peoples and cultures catalogue comes in handy – assuming that Angola Ol ivier Gallaud of Angola.” you read French, as Portuguese versions are The show is curated by Christiane provided only for a preface by Manzambi Mbenza ya ngana throne Falgayrettes-Leveau, director of the Dapper Vuvu Fernando, the national director of Songo, Angola Museum, with Boris Wastiau, director of the museums in Angola, and in the Geneva Museum of Ethnography, serving ambassador’s introduction. as a scientific consultant. Figures of Power The catalogue describes, for instance, opened in November 2010 and runs until the background story of the oldest item on July 10, 2011. The Dapper Museum, which display. Dating from 750 to 850 AD, it is specialises in African culture, is named considered the longest-surviving wooden after Olfert Dapper, a Dutch humanist who sculpture from central Africa. Discovered in in 1668 wrote a seminal book called 1928 by an engineer named Camille Turlot Description of Africa. in the bed of the Liavela River, about 270 km s e r a v a T

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18 SONANGOL UNIVERSO Mythic hero, Chibinda Ilunga – Chokwe, Angola

Nkisi phemba – Cabinda, Angola

Sceptre – Ovimbundu, Angola

statuette, an imposing, if small (only 40cm high), sculpture of Chokwe origin, and by similar pieces representing different chiefs in his likeness. With its broad shoulders, oversized feet, oversized hands – one holding what could be a club or a spear and the other a rifle, and somewhat oversized genitalia, the With its broad Chibinda Ilunga statuette bristles with virility. His animal-like ears and dilated shoulders, oversized feet, nostrils show that he is in a state of alert. Chibinda Ilunga’s story is said to date oversized hands and back to around 1600, when the hunter and descendent of Luba kings married Lueji, somewhat oversized the Lunda queen and granddaughter of the serpent king Chinawezi. After their genitalia, the Chibinda marriage, she named him king. Resentful, her brothers stomped off into the Ilunga statuette bristles hinterland, each with his own partisans, to found new tribes. Unfortunately Lueji was with virility unable to have children, so she allowed Chibinda Ilunga to take a second wife. The son of this liaison ultimately engendered a line of Lunda rulers. The statuettes of Chibinda Ilunga and the chiefs in his image represent the first of the three “powers” presented in the exhibition – the political. Indeed, one of the details common in these statuettes is the Mutwa wa kayanda (high hat-style head ornament), a symbol of sovereigns in Chokwe culture. Other symbols of power on show include ceremonial knives, swords and axes. Among the most interesting are stools that can be understood as symbolic thrones, sometimes very ornately decorated. One of the most remarkable is a Songo wooden s i o b u

stool, 74 cm high, called the mbenza ya D

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JUNE 2011 19 AA RFTURNITURE FACTORY’S REVIVAL

Pwo mask, Chokwe, Angola Kongo/Ambaquista Chikunza mask, Funeral urn, Angola Chokwe, Angola d u a l l a a o s G

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Altar, Hamba wa mwim Panel detail Nkanum, Angola / Democratic Republic of Congo s t t a W

n a h t a n h o J

20 SONANGOL UNIVERSO ngana throne. It depicts a sitting figure, humanesque wooden forms. Some carry holding up the seat with its hands and chest, knives, and one wears a soldier’s helmet. António Ole its head sticking up slightly like a backrest. These figures are used by healers to bridge Most of the other artefacts can be the spiritual and physical worlds, and thus Before they reach the main exhibition, divided into two broad categories: cultural as tools to help sick and troubled visitors to Angola: Figures of Power and spiritual, the latter sometimes rooted individuals recover from illness or solve traverse an anteroom that features in magic, sometimes in religion. their personal problems. seven works by one of Angola’s top The spirits of ancestors can be invoked The exhibition features a myriad of contemporary artists, António Ole. at various times, including for the cultural objects. Indeed, in a strict sense, This multitalented artist has worked in coronation of a chief, but they are always everything in the exhibition symbolises or painting, sculpture, installation art, present at the initiation rites of adolescent represents a facet of the culture of one or film and photography. Though he has boys, carried out in bush camps distant more of the tribal groups that inhabit Angola. been active for decades, this is his from the main villages. One important universe is that of first solo exhibition in Paris. Dancers who wear stylised masks women, which the exhibition makes a The works, dating from 1994 to represent the ancestors. The most colourful serious effort to display. The mask of Pwo 2009, often make use of found or e l O

o item in the exhibition is probably the red, (mentioned earlier) is the most memorable recycled objects, notably modern i n ó t n black and white mask of Chihongo, the female image in the show. Also noteworthy ones – for example, A ancestral male archetype (see picture p.16). is a Kongo/Ambaquista terracotta funeral an old steering Chihongo’s female counterpart is Pwo, urn, rounded into a feminine shape and wheel. So at one represented by a wooden mask with depicting arms, breasts and genitals. There level they appear intricate carvings adorning her face, said to is also a small showcase of items used for distant from the represent the ideal of female beauty. female adornment by the Himba, Herero traditional objects Alongside is Chikunza, an aggressive figure and Kwanyane. that follow. Yet, whose job is to keep evil spirits at bay from When the show closes, many items especially in their the camp of initiates. Black and white, with will make their way back to their respective spirit and also in red highlights around his eyes and mouth ethnographic institutions. But as Picasso the way the works and on his nose, and sporting a dunce cap- recognised, one person’s ethnography is are shaped and like pointy head, Chikunza could be a scary another person’s art. So, for a few months presented, they clown out of a Stephen King novel. in Paris, the world has been able to see the provide the perfect Perhaps the most striking, and the richness of the traditional art of the people introduction to the most unsettling, items in the exhibit are the of Angola. n­ larger exhibition. minkisi (plural term for the nkisi – sacred Indeed, most if not all of Ole’s medicine sculptures). Some of these A former correspondent in Brazil for works seem to draw directly from the tortured figures of between 35 and 70 cm ARTnews magazine, Bill Hinchberger is a nkisi (medicine sculpture) tradition, high have dozens of nails spiked into their freelance journalist based in Paris bridging the spiritual and physical worlds in a seemingly crude, almost d

n aggressive way, creating an emotion a l l a G

r that takes its effect before the mind e i v i l

O can catch up and figure out what is going on. António Ole’s work is pervaded by his doubts and intentions, his hopes but also his sorrows. Sculptures and large-scale assemblages in the main, the seven works displayed here bear the traces of the country’s collective memory, much of it scarred by war. Ole’s further reminiscences embrace systems of signs that reflect the artist’s interest in the beliefs of several Angolan populations, in particular the magical-religious practices of the Chokwe and Kongo.

MJAURNCE H 2012011 1 217 BRAZIL ANGOLA

BRAZIL: BLOOD BROTHER AND OLDEST ALLY South America’s leading economy has had a major business friendship with Angola for over 30 years, its influence visible throughout the country. Universo looks at how those links developed and how they go far beyond just trade

22 SONANGOL UNIVERSO JUNE 2011 23 BRAZIL ANGOLA

ngolans don’t forget that Brazil was the first country to recognise “A Angola’s independence, a courageous gesture which upset important sectors.... Its example conferred immediate diplomatic legitimacy on the new country,” said Angola’s President José Eduardo dos Santos. Brazil’s modern-day partnership with Angola began with that “courageous gesture” in 1975 when its Ministry of Foreign Affairs determined it should pursue a pragmatic, strategic approach to international relations, regardless of the Cold War politics of the time. Recognising Angola, an ally of Cuba d t L and the Soviet Union, was opposed by k u

z Practical exercises a r elements in the right-wing military B dictatorship then in power in Brazil. But Brazillian instructors the president at the time, General Ernesto Geisel, was very slowly clearing the path back to democracy and favoured the foreign ministry’s long-term strategic aims. Access to Africa’s oil resources undoubtedly played a part in the decision. At the time, Brazil was supplying only a small part of its own needs when the 1973 oil crisis put the brakes on its “economic miracle” years of double-digit growth. Indeed, state oil company Petrobras d d t t L L k k u was one of the first Brazilian companies to u z z Training simulators a a r r B deal with the new Angolan government and B has had a long and mutually beneficial relationship ever since, especially in country’s morale. A Brazilian supermarket between our two brother peoples,” President technology, now that Brazil is self-sufficient chain set up the country’s first post- dos Santos has said. in oil. independence hypermarket while Brazilian Dijalma Mariano da Silva, the trade soap operas distracted a population racked secretary at the Brazilian Embassy in Cultural affinities by shortages and hardship. Luanda, agrees. “Brazil’s relations with However, natural resources have had Brazilian companies, at that time Angola are much wider than purely nothing to do with the broader, positive accustomed to a chaotic domestic economic commercial interests, much more than just attitude of the Brazilian people towards scenario, proved more adaptable and trade,” he said. Angola. Brazil’s repressed domestic political less risk-averse than rivals from more stable However, that trading partnership is opposition, led by artists and intellectuals, economies. They were more willing to doing rather well. The general trend of warmly supported Angola’s independence look seriously at business opportunities Angola’s economic exchanges with Brazil is for what it meant for the Angolans. in Angola. one of growth. It more than quadrupled from Brazil’s cultural affinities with Angola Brazilians working in Angola, with their $520 million in 2005 to peak at $4.2 billion in in terms of race, language, music, dance, effortless sociability and skill in improvising 2008 before declining with the global cuisine and religion long predate solutions, especially when facing obstructive economic downturn. independence. As part of the Portuguese bureaucracy – the so-called jeitinho, adapted While Brazil exports a wide variety of empire, Angola was a major source of the well to the local environment and endeared goods to Angola, over half of them processed several million slaves shipped to Brazil. themselves to their Angolan hosts. farm products such as sugar, meat, poultry Brazil’s greater presence in Angola “It’s unnecessary to stress the shared and other foodstuffs, Angola’s return cargo after 1975 provided a welcome boost to the blood, closeness of behaviour and affection is almost all crude oil.

24 SONANGOL UNIVERSO Brazil’s role in Angola’s post- respect of the Angolan government by Education and development have independence economy has been largely executing the project throughout the long been a bonus coming with its Angolan led and performed by multinational period of conflict, enduring complicated projects. At Capanda, technicians have company the Odebrecht Group. The logistics and at one stage witnessssed the been trained to operate the dam, while company has not only offered a variety of wrecking of the company’s installations. schools and farming in the region have solutions to Angola’s reconstruction needs Regardless of the dangers, Odebrecht fully been supported. This has given locals a but has proved resilient in implementing completed the dam in 2007. stake, directly or indirectly, in the them in often extremely tough conditions. Despite the difficulties, the Brazilians enterprise and has raised living and Odebrecht, Angola’s second-largest delivered Angola’s main power project. health standards. employer after Sonangol with over 20,000 President dos Santos said Capanda As a result of the confidence and trust staff, developed the civil engineering work “consolidated in practice a relationship earned with the government, Odebrecht has of perhaps the most significant project based on dialogue, which a common been a key player in Angola’s reconstruction. since independence, the 520-megawatt language favours, on mutual trust and Since Capanda, the multinational has been Capanda Dam. respect, and above all on friendship”. tasked with developing water supplies not Capanda, located near Malange, Just as Brazil’s relationship with only for Luanda as its population swelled to 450km from Luanda currently supplies Angola is not one of mere commerce, over 4 million, but for Benguela and Lobito nearly all Angola’s electricity. The deal was Odebrecht’s links with the countries it as well. signed in 1982 and the first generator works in are not limited to individual The company has also been turned in 2004. projects. It has a philosophy of serving the responsible for major highway projects that The Brazilian company won the communities where it acts. have been praised for their quality. There

Recently graduated mechanics student João Kafino t h c e r b e d O d t L k u z a r Angola - Brazil Trade B d t L

k Hands-on experience u z

Year Brazil Exports Angola Exports Total Bilateral Trade a r B $ millions $ millions $ millions

2002 199.6 11.6 211.2 2003 235.5 7.5 243.0 2004 357.2 3.6 360.7 2005 521.3 0.1 521.4 2006 837.8 459.5 1,297.3 2007 1,218.0 946.3 2,164.6 2008 1,974.5 2,236.4 4,211.0 2009 1,333.0 137.8 1,470.8 2010 947.1 500.1 1,447.9 Source: Brazilian Foreign Trade Secretariat - Secex

JUNE 2011 25 BRAZIL ANGOLA

was a time when Brazilian companies promote Angolan food self-sufficiency areas a long way from petrol supplies. struggled to compete on the world stage. and replace imports. The Brazilian major is also responsible No more. The Pungo Andongo farm consists of a for developing the industrial park in the Odebrecht has itself proved a world- massive 90,440 acres and produces corn Special Economic Zone (ZEE) in Viana, in class operator, winning tenders in and manioc flour, Angola’s staple food. Luanda’s eastern suburbs, where environments demanding the very highest Odebrecht developed this huge farm and enterprises dealing with auto parts, glass standards such as an airport in Florida in storage complex and then transferred it to panels, electronics, irrigation equipment, the United States. Angolan control. hospital drips, paints and varnishes have The company is also completing been established. another airport at Catumbela to serve Fuel development Odebrecht also brought its logistic Benguela and Lobito. A second major agribusiness project, skills to the founding of the Nosso Super The South American conglomerate still under development, is Biocom, which supermarket chain, which has over 20 began building residential condominiums will produce sugar and, in future, ethanol. branches throughout Angola. Furthermore, in the city’s southern suburbs, Luanda Sul, The Brazilians are drawing on the Odebrecht also has stakes in Angola’s in 1997 and has since developed large-scale experience of its highly-efficient leading industries; drilling for oil and gas, housing projects to meet priorities set by the commercial farming sector, where the and diamond mining, Angolan government. It built Angola’s first company processes around 40 million tons The Brazilian company’s presence in shopping centre and a high-class business a year of sugar. Angola has had a multiplier effect. It has park where it has its own headquarters. Angola currently imports around attracted to the country its own huge supply Developing major projects providing 260,000 tons of sugar annually, largely from chain. Of Odebrecht’s 2,817 suppliers, Angola with basic infrastructure in Brazil. However, in 2012, Biocom will have nearly all of them have set up in Angola to electricity, highways, water and housing the planned capacity to supply all that is do business. Other Brazilian companies and were the first steps by the Brazilian needed. Angolan staff have been trained in institutions have also followed in its wake heavyweight, which has since all aspects of the business on Odebrecht and are growing in number. expanded into a wide range of additional plantations in Brazil. Brazil’s assistance in the education economic activities. Given Africa’s limited domestic oil- and training of Angolans is also apparent. Two major farming projects have refining capacity, locally-produced ethanol A shared language facilitates teaching and been established by Odebrecht near to could be a cheaper way to run vehicles, training. Angolans can almost seamlessly and benefiting from Capanda’s power either as a petrol additive or as pure fuel. be sent to train in similar functions in Brazil supplies. The aim of the giant farms is to This would be especially attractive in rural without the need for a special course in a There was a time when Brazilian companies struggled to compete on the world stage. Odebrecht Luanda offices No more

Sugar cane project – Biocom t t h 26 SONANGOL UNIVERSO h c c e e r r b b e e d d O O completely different language – this is an experience many Angolans had previously had in very different places such as the Soviet Union, Algeria and Bulgaria. Odebrecht prides itself in its development of local workforces and ‘Angolanisation’, the training-up of local personnel to replace ex-pat workers. Belief programme An excellent example of Brazil’s contribution to Angolan development is Odebrecht’s Acreditar (Belief) programme where personnel undergo training close to its construction sites. Acreditar gives vocational training to truck drivers, digger operators and also mechanics. The project was first developed in Brazil and was implemented in Angola in September 2010. So far, 530 Angolans have been trained and a further 1,500 are on the waiting list for courses. The growing presence of other Brazilian companies in Angola has been marked since 2002. At the top end of Brazilian technology sales to Angola is the highly successful aircraft manufacturer Embraer that recently delivered executive jets to the

Odebrecht Luanda offices d t L k u z a r B

JUNE 2011 27 BRAZIL ANGOLA r e a r b m E

y s e t r

Brazilian Embraer-supplied jet for Angola’s Air Force u o C country. The company has an impressive Angolan TV shows a strong Brazilian Services sector sales portfolio that includes passenger jets influence in its programme format and Brazil’s service sector is finding a for China and training planes for Britain’s content. A live appearance in Luanda of profitable niche in Angola’s fast-expanding Royal Air Force. Brazil’s Xuxa, a children’s TV presenter, economy. Specialist doctors and dentists Brazil’s prestigious agricultural attracted bumper crowds. from São Paulo find it worthwhile to research institute Embrapa also enjoys a Brazilian writers, singers and practice part of the year in Luanda’s close relationship with Angola’s farm sector. musicians have enthusiastic followings in inflated market, while Angolans may Embrapa has developed crop strains Angola and frequently visit the country. undergo relatively cheap medical especially suited for the local environment Angola is now reciprocating in this area treatment in Brazil while enjoying and has wide experience in tropical farming. more fully with an eye to a larger audience. a vacation. This role is likely to develop as Angola Brazilian soap operas have been The country is Angola’s largest service has the potential to produce many crops in popular in Angola for more than three provider, the Brazilian Embassy says, with which Brazil leads world supplies, such as decades, helping raise Brazil’s profile and over 25,000 visas a year granted. These coffee, sugar, oranges, cocoa and soya. reinforce its positive image with the public. include those for Angolan students at Brazil’s world-class media, public One area of Luanda, once home to a giant Brazilian universities where they are better relations and publicity companies are also open market, was even named after the able to assimilate courses and can save on doing well in Angola. Brazilian PR played a long-running 1980s Brazilian soap opera the expense of language courses needed in pivotal role in Angola’s election campaign. Roque Santeiro. other foreign countries. A total of 130

The Association of Brazilian Businessmen in Angola, Aebran, has members in the following sectors:

Oil and Gas Petrochemicals Diamonds Power supply Logistics Agribusiness Fish farming Cold storage Trucks Textiles Catering Educational services Construction Health Property developers PR and Marketing Estate agencies Domestic electronics Satellite TV Informatics Telecoms Source: Aebran

28 SONANGOL UNIVERSO r e n t s o K

n a i t s i

São Paulo, Brazil’s powerhouse r h C Brazil is also in a period of accelerated economic expansion

Angolan graduates are currently on post- for deep-sea oil exploration, would be a Brazil is also in a period of accelerated graduate courses in Brazil. Brazil also perfect match. economic expansion and has also been trains Angolan teachers from higher- Brazil’s Petrobras has been helping enjoying the benefits of a stable economy educational institutes. Sonangol study its subsalt region and has since 1994. It is self-sufficient in oil and has Angola’s economy is also also trained Sonangol specialists in Brazil. a booming export market based on internationalising through Sonangol’s It has been training Angolan oil technicians burgeoning world demand for its huge businesses abroad. One project involves since the 1980s. In Angola, Petrobras commodity output – commodities that drilling for oil in Brazil via local company participates in six offshore blocks. In Block Angola, with a similar climate, is also Starfish Oil & Gas S.A. Brazil’s deep-sea 34 it partners Sonangol in drilling in ultra- capable of producing on a large scale. subsalt layer is expected to yield a bonanza deep waters down to 2,500 metres. Furthermore, Brazil’s technological of between 10 and 20 billion barrels of oil. The relationship between Angola and advances and the success of its world-class Angola, which shares similar geology to Brazil has flourished, and both countries companies, such as Odebrecht Brazil, is likely to also make such rich finds. have changed in so many ways since the and Petrobras, mean Angola’s old strategic A strategic partnership in this area 1970s. Angola is now at peace and in a partner has even more to offer with Brazil, which has developed leading- period of sustained growth as it as it diversifies and develops its edge drilling technology and holds records reconstructs its economy. economic potential. I

JUNE 2011 29 s r e d n u a S

s i r h C

ANGOLA’S HEART

Angola’s varied musical heritage draws upon deeply- rich roots that have inspired not only major styles such as Brazilian samba, but also continuously absorbs influences from many parts of the world. Universo surveys the current sound scene

30 SONANGOL UNIVERSO ANGOLAN MUSIC A –Z

JUNE 2011 31 Chris Saunders

t’s Sunday evening. The day’s stifling street music which since its inception in the whole body in the movement and really heat is finally fading, as is the light, late 1990s is continuing to win global feeling the rhythm.” and a dusty glow hangs over the acclaim. In a typical performance, lyrics are Twenty-two-year-old Chaves laughs at Iunpaved street outside the CAN club shouted into a microphone over the top of my aversion to the volume and bass levels. in Luanda’s Cassequel district. a high-paced techno-style beat. “Yes, it’s noisy, but kuduro is a youth thing, The insistent boom of the bassline It is hardly melodic, but the draw of and young people like loud music and lots beat from behind the metal door is making kuduro, I have always been told is the of rhythm and above all they like dancing,” it reverberate against its slightly crooked dancing, and before my eyes in that tiny he says. concrete frame, but the pulse is inviting club, I realise why. After a small break in the The kudurista uniform seems to be as and we go in. music to allow the MC to shout the names wacky as possible although it is usually Down the corridor and inside, the of the 12 contestants, the bass comes back. shaped around a fashion label T-shirt, music is so loud that I can feel my internal This time it seems even louder, and the skinny jeans and big trainers. Sunglasses organs bouncing from within, and the show begins. help, as does a peaked cap, preferably with smoke pumped out of a machine next to Twisting, jumping, bouncing and even some sort of gold or silver emblem the DJ booth tickles my throat. shaking, these kuduristas move their emblazoned on the front. Pink and green disco lights alternate bodies in ways I have previously thought According to CAN club owner and with seriously powerful strobes, flashing impossible, somehow keeping in time with kuduro promoter Carlos Araújo, the style, onto a small hexagonal dance floor where a the frenetic beat, and even occasionally sound and dancing of kuduro is uniquely group of “kuduristas” (singers / musicians/ pausing for cheers when their lyrics strike Angolan. “It’s an Angolan invention that’s dancers) stand, assembled like a suspect a chord with the assembled crowd. come about through Angolan creativity,” he line-up in an American police movie. “It’s about the dancing,” part-time explains, adding that despite its tough street Kuduro is slang for “hard ass” and is waiter and aspiring kudurista Estevão image it is in fact an important vehicle for the name of a uniquely Angolan type of Chaves tells me. “It’s about involving your keeping young people out of trouble.

32 SONANGOL UNIVERSO ANGOLAN MUSIC A –Z

Chris Saunders

“When it started, Angola was going anarchic outfit of luminous yellow T-shirt, through its conflict and civil war, and black and white floral plus-twos, knee-high kuduro helped a lot of young people who white socks tied with rainbow laces and a were feeling marginalised – those who were “Yes, it’s noisy, chessboard-checked peaked cap, backed getting involved in crime and things – to this up. stay right. but kuduro is a Expecting him to be advocating some “It used to be very much a freestyle sort of world revolution, General da China thing, where you’d sing whatever came into youth thing” (as he calls himself) informs me politely: your head at that moment,” says Araújo. “My kuduro has one very simple message. “Of course, that was often about the – Estevão Chaves And that right now is advising everyone to conflict and difficulties people were going stick to their career goals. When we are through, but now it has evolved and it’s fighting for something, we mustn’t give up.” important to have good written lyrics and a According to club owner Araújo there strong message throughout.” kuduro’s evolution mirrors Angola’s own, are more than 5,000 kuduristas in Angola, The messages, he says, are by young from its long preoccupation with war and all striving for a lucrative record deal which people for young people, warning about struggle, to its new focus on a better future. will give them fame like idols such as the the dangers of getting involved in drugs “A lot of children listen to this type of genre’s creator Tony Amado or more recent and crime, and encouraging them to stick music and the older ones have a success stories Bruno M, Os Lambas and to their studies to make sure they get a responsibility to make sure that they don’t Cabo Snoop. good job. make material that is offensive, immoral or The wide-appeal of kuduro is Although there are still controversial negative,” adds Chaves the waiter. undisputable, certainly in Luanda where kuduristas whose lyrics you would not play One dreadlocked performer, dressed most weekends you will see kids as young to your grandmother, in many ways in what can only be described as an as five body-popping on a street corner,

JUNE 2011 33 ANGOLAN MUSIC A –Z

some to music blaring out from a neighbour’s house, others just following a remembered rhythm inside their heads. Kuduro is popular well beyond Angola, filling dance floors in Lisbon, Paris, Amsterdam, São Paulo and New York with bands such as Buraka Som Sistema winning critical acclaim. But if you thought all Angolan music was loud and urban, you would be wrong. In fact, Angola boasts a rich heritage of music formed by a variety of Atlantic influences from Brazil, the Caribbean and even Cuba, but, like kuduro, shaped to the Angolan context. Semba is widely acknowledged as the

traditional Angolan sound, although it only d n o m r

began to be commercialised from the 1950s. a m o C

Its roots go back to the 17th-century dance e d

e l i c

known as massemba or umbigada, which e C comes from the term “belly-bumping”, giving you a clue to the fast-paced and sensuous style of movement. The term ‘belly-bumping’, Samba’s sister gives you a clue to the fast-paced Originally played on tarola drums and dilonga basins, but more recently on more and sensuous style of movement formal instruments such as guitars, semba is widely believed to be the precursor to its economy started to open up, with more speaking in their own language, eating their more famous Brazilian sister samba, having Angolans in work and with free time and own food and listening to their own music.” travelled there across the Atlantic on the some money to spare, they started One of the bands that helped Angolans slave ships. investing in music, particularly semba. find their identity was Ngola Ritmos Just as kuduro grew out of its unique “Also, you started having local cultural (Angolan Rhythms) who were famous for Angolan context, so did semba, according producers who would take live music singing in the national dialect of to Marissa Moorman, author of shows from place to place at the Kimbundu, rather than Portuguese. Intonations: A Social History Of Music And weekends,” she says. They formed in 1947, led by Liceu Nation In Luanda, Angola, From 1945 To And while there had generally been Vieira Dias who went on to be a founding Recent Times. only formal music venues in the member of the MPLA (People’s Movement Dr Moorman, an associate professor in Portuguese part of Luanda known as the for the Liberation of Angola), which is now the Department of History at the University Baixa, by the late 1960s clubs started in government, and continued playing into of Indiana in Bloomington, believes the opening up in the townships or musseques the late 1960s. political and social context in the 1960s and where the Angolans lived and the demand Inspired by natural rhythms and using 1970s led to a real growth in semba. for music and performances grew. several layers of guitars, some almost like “At this time there was an explosion in This home-grown music, Dr Moorman percussion, Ngola Ritmos are widely radio stations which play an important part says, offered Angolans who were otherwise regarded as the fathers of Angolan music and in spreading music,” she says. “And there heavily repressed by the colonial powers an their work has been described as “not only a was also a deliberate tactic by the outlet to be themselves and enjoy their music genre but a state of mind, an attitude”, Portuguese colonial administration in Angolanidade (Angolan identity). says music historian Dr Moorman. wanting to encourage local music over “People said they spent their day at Unfortunately, few recordings still imports from neighbouring Congo which work speaking Portuguese and being as exist, but among their most well-known was already independent and seen as a bad their Portuguese bosses wanted, but at songs are Mbiri, Kolonia, Palamé and their influence.” night they could go home and become arrangement of the much-covered Dr Moorman explains that as the Angolan again, wearing their own clothes, Muxima , which tells the story of a man who

34 SONANGOL UNIVERSO a ç a r T

M e n e m a K Some key Angolan artists – and two to watch

Bonga Puto Português José Adelino Barceló de Carvalho – Puto Português (real name Lino better known as Bonga – began his Serqueira Fialho) is the new kid on the career as an athlete, representing semba block. Known for his sharp Portugal in the 400 metres. outfits and crowd-pleasing Carvalho was forced into exile in performances, the 23-year-old started Rotterdam in 1972 after a warrant was out playing kuduro but switched to issued for his arrest in Luanda over semba last year, releasing his first album allegations that he passed messages Geração de Semba in December 2010. between freedom fighters in the Winner of the Rádio Nacional diaspora. He recorded his first album, de Angola record of the year in 2010, Angola 72 , in Holland and changed his he looks set to get even bigger in the name to Bonga. near future. Forty years later, with nearly three dozen albums to his name and still Buraka Som Sistema Afrologia recording, the critically-acclaimed Buraka Som Sistema put Angolan Afrologia is a new Angolan electronic Bonga is known as the “ambassador of kuduro firmly on the global map. outfit made up of regular Elinga DJ semba” and his music continues to be Although based in Lisbon, the group Soulbreakxtra (Carlos Cunha) and his popular around the Lusophone world. claims Angolanidade (Angolan identity) brother Coca o Faray Sem Mobile (or and has taken the unique sound of Coca F.S.M. for short). Paulo Flores Luanda’s streets to dance floors in They offer a fresh Luandan sound, Paulo Flores is seen as the modern Paris, Tokyo, Amsterdam, São Paulo, mixing jazz, soft piano, chilled innovator of Angolan music, as London and New York, winning much electronic and, of course, plenty of comfortable singing semba and critical acclaim along the way. Afro-beat. Catch them at Elinga Teatro. kizomba as he is performing blues, jazz and bossa nova. Yuri da Cunha His music combines a rich mix of Yuri da Cunha is a true showman who different rhythms and styles, from light- has opened for Italian pop legend Eros hearted dance tracks to deeply melodic Ramazzotti. Hugely popular in Luanda ballads with thoughtful lyrics. and the rest of the Lusophone world, Flores spent part of his childhood including Brazil, Yuri mixes playful in Lisbon and is as well known in semba, rumba and kizomba with great Portugal as in Angola. He tours dancing and plenty of fun. regularly at home and abroad, Born in Sumbe, Kwanza Sul, in performing both stadium-style concerts 1980, he got his big break aged 13 when and more intimate acoustic sessions. he won a singing competition for His first album Kapuete was youngsters organised by Rádio Nacional released in 1988 and he has recorded de Angola. ten more since then, his latest He was voted best male singer in being the eclectic three-disc box Angola several times, and Sony will be set Ex-Combatentes . produ cing his next album.

JUNE 2011 35 ANGOLAN MUSIC A –Z

has been accused of witchcraft going to the Today, kizomba and its sensuous Muxima Sanctuary near Luanda to prove dance moves remain central to the Angolan his innocence. music scene with its poppy electronic top Overlapping with Ngola Ritmos but and bass-heavy beat taking many a playing on into the 1970s, Os Kiezos are wedding and party into the early hours, another seminal Angolan band whose sometimes to the extreme displeasure of highly rhythmic music is still heard the rest of the neighbourhood which is regularly on the radio and widely respected trying to sleep. by people of all ages. Today’s popular singers such as Yuri da Artists such as Ngola Ritmos, Os Cunha, Anselmo Ralph, Matías Damásio, Kiezos, Carlos Lamartine and Jovens da Yola Semedo and Ary fill football stadiums Prenda were all part of that formative era of on a weekly basis with their mix of catchy Angolan music which is now enjoying a kizomba tunes and crooning love ballads. revival through new compilations such as

a Heady mix Angola Soundtrack: The Unique Sound of ç a r T

M Luanda (1968 – 1976) released late last year Claudio Silva, the creator of the e n

Danny L e m by the Analog Africa label. a Caipirinha Lounge blog dedicated to the K Through the Lusophone music 1970s, as Angola scene, says Angolan became independ - “It only takes one person to music is unique. ent from Portugal, New York-based semba remained the Silva refers to a mainstay of Angolan play for it to be heard, and “powerful confluence music, with artists of traditional rhythms such as Alberto because it's so good from Luanda’s nearby Teta Lando, Banda islands of Ilha and Maravilha and many Mussulo, psychedelic others all leaving people are saying they guitar sounds im - their mark on musi - ported from neigh - cal and social history. want to hear more” bouring Congo, Latin grooves, old school Kizomba’s arrival – Claudio Silva Caribbean merengue But then in the 1980s came and the hard beat kizomba, semba’s cheeky of the Angolan carnival bands”. modern nephew, which also has This heady mix, he told Universo ,

the power to fill a dance floor in seconds and a creates the “unique Angolan sound” which ç a r T C4 Pedro

is famed for its sensuous moves. M is starting to catch people’s attention and

e n e

Kizomba was born through a fusion of m driving a new interest in Angolan music a semba and the at-the-time popular sound K from overseas. of Caribbean zouk, which was brought to “It’s hard to know how this resurgence Angola by the Martinique/Guadeloupian started,” he says, “but it seems that as outfit Kassav. the country has opened up, so its music has Based on a mixture of carnival, folk got out. and calypso-style music, using keyboards “I suppose it only takes one person to and electronics and with influences from as play it for it to be heard, and because it’s so far afield as Haiti and Jamaica, zouk was all good people are then saying they want to the rage across Africa and the French- hear more!” speaking diaspora in the 1980s and it struck Because of that, as well as a revival of a similar chord in Angola. older songs, there have also been several Not content with just copying zouk, interesting new 21st-century takes on artists such as Eduardo Paim decided to traditional Angolan sounds. fuse its tropical sound with their Angolan Two albums of note, says Silva, are semba and so created kizomba. Comfusões , which saw Brazilian producer

36 SONANGOL UNIVERSO Pérola Suggestions for further listening…

Recordings by individual artists and bands

Ex-Combatentes – Paulo Flores Eclectic, jazzy and refreshing. A brilliant collection

Memórias 1968-1990 – Teta Lando Catalogue of the late Teta Lando’s most celebrated work

Best of Bonga – Bonga Greatest hits compilation of Angola’s ambassador of semba a ç a r T

M

e Kuma Kwa Kié – Yuri da Cunha n e m a

K Catchy fun pop performed by this talented semba showman

Black Diamond – Buraka Som Sistema Second album of this global kuduro electro sensation

Nós os do Conjunto – Conjunto Ngonguenha Gritty Angolan rap that tells it how it is but not without some humour a a ç ç a a r r T T

M M

e e n n e e Minha Alma – Yola Semedo m m a a K Yola Semedo Própria Lixa K Angola’s queen of soulful kizomba is in fine form in this powerful solo album, sung in a mixture of English Maurício Pacheco raid the vaults of abroad is a new generation of sometimes and Portuguese the Rádio Nacional de Angola and mix up controversial rappers such as Luaty Beirão, old tracks with new beats, and similarly, MC Kappa and O Conjunto Ngonguenha, Tata Nzambi – Sandra Cordeiro Luanda-based Semba Comunicações’ whom Silva says are using the medium of Afro-jazz at its best, fused with Angolan Sound Experience . music to register their many views on Angolan rhythm and soul This had the likes of Yola Semedo, modern society. Matías Damásio and Sandra Cordeiro And just like in the 1960s, when Compilations performing modern twists on classic Angolans wanted their own venues in Angolan ballads by respected songwriters which to listen to and play their music, so Angolan Sound Experience Felipe Mukenga and Ruy Mingas. the pattern is repeating itself with a – Various Artists Silva says he believes that part of the renewed emphasis on live music events, Modernist twist on Angolan classics growing appetite for Angolan music is particularly in Luanda. written by Felipe Mukenga and Ruy coming from the many twentysomethings Every weekend you will find an artist Mingas and produced by Luanda- who have spent time abroad studying but signing copies of his or her new CD in the based Semba Produções. are now returning to Luanda to live and Praça da Independência and at large open-air An excellent collection of classic work, bringing with them eclectic tastes venues such as Cine Atlântico and Cine Karl Angolan songs from the golden era combined with a hunger for the traditional Marx, along with the Cidadela and Coqueiros of semba including Os Kiezos, sounds of their homeland. football stadiums where packed crowds Jovens da Prenda and David Zé Also informed by their study spells watch the band or singer of the moment.

JUNE 2011 37 ANGOLAN MUSIC A– Z

views across the bay. guest-lists and VIP areas. Angola jazz With Elinga’s’ focus on multicultural The crumbling theatre, long Launched in 2009, Luanda now has its inclusivity, there is a relaxed atmosphere threatened with demolition, is seen as the own International Jazz Festival which with no dress code or formalities such as heartbeat for alternative entertainment in showcases local and other African jazz the city, also hosting dance, art and talent, along with big-name stars such as photography exhibitions and theatre. George Benson. Caipirinha Lounge’s Silva loves Espaço Partly run by the organisers of the Bahia, the restaurant-cum-bar-cum-club- world-renowned Cape Town International cum-acoustic venue located a few hundred Jazz Festival, the event filled the Cine metres along the Marginal.“All you need is Atlântico for three consecutive days and is one guitar and that place comes alive,” he likely to become a much-loved fixture on says. “It has a great vibe and there are some the city’s entertainment calendar. excellent performances there.” At the end of May, US rap star Snoop Another old theatre, Chá de Caxinde, is Dogg was due to headline the Blue Fest at an equally trendy music venue and was the Coqueiros football stadium, the concert used extensively during the 2010 Trienal de still boasts top acts such as the new young Luanda which featured a number of live semba sensation Puto Português, kids’ music, dance and theatre shows. kuduro favourite Cabo Snoop and Lisbon- What is most certain is that through based Buraka Som Sistema, playing their Angola’s past and present, music is at the first gig in Luanda. centre of what it is to be Angolan. This type of top-billing event follows a Remembering the family lunches of his show at Cidadela in April where the current childhood, Silva says: “Whenever we a ç a r T members of Kassav – of kizomba inspiration would get together there would always be M

e n fame – drew a crowd of 30,000 to the Festival Yola Semedo e music; someone would always play or m a de Saudades (Nostalgia Concert). K dance or sing.” At the other end of the scale, the zany Dr Moorman, from the University of Movimento X group has turned Elinga With Elinga’s’ Indiana, adds: “Music is and always will be Teatro near Luanda’s Marginal into an a very powerful force in everyday life in essential destination for the more focus on Angola. It’s very much part of the way discerning Angolan music lover who wants people live, communicate and enjoy to hear something new. multicultural themselves. The preferred hang-out for the city’s “I have memories of sitting at the educated trendsetters, Elinga almost inclusivity, public archive office in the late 1990s when nightly offers a wide range of music, from the power would go off and we’d be hard house and hip hop to softer Afro-jazz there is a relaxed plunged into darkness. But the guy in the and acoustic performances, all put on in barber’s shop across the road always had the inviting outdoor balcony bar with its atmosphere some batteries for his little radio, and so the music never stopped...” I

38 SONANGOL UNIVERSO Sonangol ne ws b riefing South American ties

Sonangol will open new offices in Venezuela, according to Jesus Alberto Garcia, trade secretary at the Venezuelan embassy in Angola. The offices Heart surgery success will be used to oversee a recent 25-year oil and gas exploration agreement signed by the two Luanda’s Girassol Clinic, run by Sonangol, undertook its first countries and Cuba. paediatric heart surgery in April when children with congenital The trade secretary said the agreement brought abnormalities were treated successfully. The operations were Angola and Venezuela, two important members of part of a programme in partnership with specialists from the OPEC, closer together and they could develop a Portuguese Red Cross. common position on oil prices. Garcia noted that There are around 300 children on the waiting list for treatment the IMF had said consumer dependence on oil at Girassol as part of the programme, which aims to reduce the would be even greater over the next 30 years in number of children sent abroad for operations. The programme the wake of the nuclear accident in Japan. also provides training for local doctors.

JUJUNNE E 2012011 1 39 Sonangol ne ws b riefing m e l l i u G

s e u q c a $12m ports deal J

Sonangol has signed a 30-year concession start of a great agreement with the São Tomé and Príncipe partnership” that he government to modernise and operate its hoped would turn the port and airport. Investment of $5 million will tiny island nation into a be made in the seaport and $7 million in the transport hub for the region. “We hope that a São Tomé and Príncipe International Airport. year from now, when we return to sit here, it Sonangol’s administrator Baptista Sumbe will be to raise a toast with greater joy signed the deal, following two years of because the port and airport will be a ç a r T

negotiations, with Carlos Manuel Vila Nova, operational and we will by then have started M

e n

e São Tomé’s and Principe Minister for Public new projects,” he said. m a K Works and Natural Resources. Oil products are the largest items imported Baptista Sumbe Sumbe described the concession as “the by São Tomé and Príncipe. Saurimo school Stepping on the gas support The Pascagoula liquefied natural gas terminal in Esso Angola Limited, in the Mississippi, US, is on schedule for start-up in October name of Sonangol and its says El Paso Corporation, Sonangol’s partner in partners in Block 15, has laid the the project. first stone for a new primary Pascagoula has 1.3 billion cubic feet send-out school in Saurimo, Lunda Sul capacity and will be primed with its first test shipment province. Saurimo is 994km east this summer. The facility will eventually receive natural of Angola’s capital, Luanda. gas from Sonangol’s LNG plant being built at Soyo. Block 15 is providing over $800,000 for the new 12- classroom school in the first phase, rising to $3 million in Being prepared total. The new educational centre will also contain a Sonangol’s Quality, Health, Safety and Environment Office has bought 3,000 refectory, library, theatre and metres of absorbent barriers to contain any accidental oil spills at sea. The sports fields. purchase is part of Sonangol’s ongoing efforts to equip its emergency services for pollution risks.

40 SONANGOL UNIVERSO NEWS Rally team’s desert win

Sonangol Schlesser’s buggy won Driven by veteran Formula 1 two stage victories in the Abu Dhabi driver Jean-Louis Schlesser, the Desert Challenge in April. The Sonangol-sponsored team won the second-round race took place in two-wheel-drive category, putting soaring temperatures, in the heart of Sonangol-Schlesser ahead in the the burning sands of magnificent Cross Country World Cup for dri- dunes in the United Arab Emirates. vers and vehicle manufacturers This was in sharp contrast to the wet Schlesser’s co-driver was the Russian, and muddy first-round venue in Italy. Konstantin Zhiltsov.

JUNE 2011 41 Sonangol ne ws b riefing Piling on the pumps

Sonangol’s fuel arm, Sonangol Distribuidora, plans to build 200 more petrol stations in Angola over the next four years, bringing the total up to 639 units.

Licensed to drill Work starts in Iraq a r

Sonangol has given Cobalt International Energy Sonangol started drilling work on two fields e e z a J

l

permission to go ahead with plans to drill two in Iraq in April, according to the Iraqi Ministry A subsalt exploratory wells in Block 21. Drilling of the for Oil. The company won the exploration wells, Cameia-1 and Bicuar-1, is expected to start concessions in an auction in 2009. by the end of 2011. The fields are Najmah and Quaiyara in There are great hopes that Angola’s subsalt layer the Nineveh region. Najmah has reserves will yield large oil reserves, as the same layer has of 858 million barrels and a production done on Brazil’s continental shelf. The subsalt layer target of 110,000 barrels a day, while is a common geological feature of both countries, Quaiyara holds 807 million barrels and will whose areas formed a single continental mass have an expected output of 120,000 barrels millions of years ago. a day.

42 SONANGOL UNIVERSO NEWS d t L

) a l o g n A (

n o i t a r o l p x E

P B PLANET SUITE SUCCESS Sonangol officially christened Angola’s latest giant floating production vessel at a Singapore shipyard in April. Universo looks at the new addition to the country’s oil-sector fleet

JUNE 2011 43 NEWS

onangol, along with BP Exploration (Angola) Ltd and the Block 31 partners, took part in the Snaming ceremony of a new giant floating production, storage and offloading vessel (FPSO). The vessel is called PSVM, an acronym for Plutão, Saturno, Venus and Marte, the Portuguese spelling of the planet names and also the title of a cluster of deep-sea oil fields in Block 31 off the Angolan coast. Overall development of the block project will cost a total of approximately $10 billion and is scheduled to produce on average 150,000 barrels a day in 2012. The FPSO was christened with the d t L

)

traditional bottle of champagne by Dr Ana a l o g n A

Maria Martins, wife of Gaspar Martins, (

n o i t

administrator of Sonangol EP. a r o l p x E

The vessel will travel under its own P power to the ultra-deep fields in Block 31 B located around 400km northeast of Luanda, where it will be moored for its PSVM will operate in sea depths down working life of around 20 years. PSVM will operate in sea depths down to 2,000 metres – serving Africa’s to 2,000 metres – serving Africa’s deepest submarine wells – and will be connected to deepest submarine wells 77,000 tonnes of subsea equipment. A series of flexible and rigid flowlines will connect the vessel to 48 wells spread over a sea-floor length of 28km. Block 31 partner stakes The double-hulled FPSO was BP Exploration (Angola) converted from a very large crude carrier Limited (operator) (VLCC) called Bourgogne at Singapore’s Esso Exploration and Jurong Shipyard, a subsidiary of Sembcorp 26.67 Production Angola (Block 31) Marine. The Bourgogne was built in the Cadiz shipyards in Spain in 1996. 25 Sonangol and its partners led by BP Sonangol P&P subcontracted Modec to undertake the work. The work involved leaving part of the 20 tanker with a storage function but adding production units and an external turret. StatoilHydro ASA The FPSO has a total of 19 modules with functions including oil and gas Marathon International separation, water and gas injection systems 13.33 Petroleum Angola Block 31 Ltd to boost productivity from the reservoir, and water treatment. There are also four 10 gas turbine units capable of generating China Sonangol 100 megawatts of power. International Holding Limited One of the most noticeable changes to the vessel profile is the superstructure, where 5 the new pipe-laden processing modules Values as % almost double the height of the tanker.

44 SONANGOL UNIVERSO d t L

) a l o g n A (

n o i t a r o l p x E

P B

: s e g a m i

l l A

JUNE 2011 45 NEWS d t L

) a Gaspar Martins, administrator of Sonangol EP l o g n

A and Dr Ana Maria Martins ( n o i t a r o l p x E

P B

: s e g a m i l l A

The forward turret is the most Completion of the 8.1 million man-hour prominent alteration to the ship’s overall task was undertaken without a single Day profile. It acts as a giant swivel, allowing the Away From Work case (DAFWc). vessel to move in accordance with ocean A number of key components used in currents and tides. building the FPSO were manufactured in To install the external bow-mounted Angola and shipped to Singapore for fitting, turret, a portion of the tanker’s bow had to including the pipe-rack structures, module be removed. support stools and pressure vessels. Although a total of 16 countries as far Local content apart as Indonesia and Scotland were The turret for PVSM weighed 3,000 involved in supplying equipment for the tonnes. The huge external tower surrounding project, work was done at 12 assembly and the turret and swivel was a source of pride for manufacturing sites in Angola, including Sonangol as Angolan engineer Kimi de Sousa two new facilities for wellhead machining was involved in its design. and tree assembly near Luanda and a The construction process safety record pipeline multi-jointing and marine supply was another reason for self-congratulation. base at Porto Amboim. I

46 SONANGOL UNIVERSO FPSO PSVM Key Data 2In0 produc3tion unt1 il 57m 335 m width length 22.2m 120 crew draught 20,000 tonnes weight

Storage capacity of Production capacity of 1,800,000 150,000 barrels barrels per day

Gas processing capacity of 245,000,000 ft 3

JUNE 2011 47 NEWS LEADER ROLE IN REFINING Sonangol vice-president Anabela Fonseca has been made president of Africa’s Refiners Association which aims to increase local crude processing and cut imports

onangol assumed the presidency of build new ones. Many of its refineries are in development and protection of oil the African Refiners Association need of investment and modernisation. resources and the competition emerging S(ARA) during its annual conference at Angola is a case in point. The country from the Middle East, India and Far East Cape Town on March 28-30. Anabela imports two-thirds of the refined products where new refineries are being built. Fonseca, the Sonangol vice-president with it uses, Anabela Fonseca reported earlier ARA aims to attract new investors to responsibility for refining, took over the this year. develop the continent’s refining capacity chair from Algeria’s and also wants its members Abdelkader Benchouia and ARA aims to attract new investors to to support the newly created will preside for a year. African Academy of Energy ARA was set up in develop the continent’s refining capacity (ACAFE). This is an 2006 with the aim of institution where best establishing a forum for the exchange of Africa wants the cleaner, higher- practice may be shared across the ideas, and seeks to apply African synergies quality fuels demanded by consumers continent on refining, technology, and solutions to the continent’s oil- while aiming to reduce imports, especially environment, human resources and refining needs. poor-quality products. sustainable development. Africa currently produces 12 per cent The keynote speaker at Cape Town was ARA originated in 2006 as a Pan- of the world’s crude oil but has only a 3.6 Ian Taylor, chief executive of the Vitol African non-governmental organisation for per cent share of global refining capacity, Group, the recent purchasers of Shell’s Africa’s oil supply, refining and distribution according to a refinery survey conducted downstream assets. The conference industry. It represents 36 of the 44 refineries by BP in 2010. The continent is also facing was also attended by bankers, oilmen, in Africa as well as many product the prospect of importing more refined fuel government representatives, energy importers, storage companies and to meet growing local demand. regulators and international and local government regulators. ARA’s annual Africa, therefore, requires significant oil traders. conference is the only meeting place for the funding to upgrade existing refineries and Subjects discussed included the downstream oil sector in Africa. ARA member countries

Angola Egypt Libya

Zambia Kenya South Africa

Nigeria Morocco Ivory Coast

Senegal Algeria Cameroon a

Ghana Gabon Sudan k o s s i K

o s s Congo Brazzaville Democratic Republic of Congo e m i K

48 SONANGOL UNIVERSO ARA’s new president a k o s s i K

o s s e m i K

Refining history Up until 1954 Africa had no refineries. Small demand before independence and the wider use of road vehicles was met by refined-product deliveries down the east and west coasts from refineries in the Caribbean, Europe and the Middle East. Tankers usually served more than one country on each trip. The first refineries built were in 1954 in Algeria and South Africa. Angola’s Luanda refinery was Africa’s third facility in 1958. The bulk of Africa’s refineries were built in the 1960s, ‘70s and ‘80s with only two new refineries added in this century: Khartoum, Sudan, in 2001 and Middle East Oil Refinery (Midor) in Egypt in 2002. The largest individual oil refineries are found in Algeria (Skikda, 300,000 barrels per day), Libya (Ras Lanuf, 220,000 bpd), Nigeria (Port Harcourt, 210,000 bpd) and South Africa (Durban, 165,000 bpd). In terms of capacity, Africa’s main a refining countries are Algeria, Egypt, ç a r T

M Nigeria and South Africa. e n e m

However, many refineries produce a K well below capacity because of operational problems, often caused by prolonged Anabela Fonseca was born in Huambo in 1961 but was brought up in underinvestment. Kuito. In 1979 she studied chemical engineering at Luanda’s Agostinho Although a total of 48 refineries were Neto University. She is married and lives in Luanda with her husband and built on the continent, at least 11 have three children. been closed, the first being Southern From 1982 to 1995 she worked in Angola’s oil ministry, eventually Rhodesia (present-day Zimbabwe) as a specialising in the refining department. Fonseca joined Sonangol in 1996, result of UN-imposed sanctions. The more rising to be a vice-president and board member in 2005. Her responsibilities usual reason for closure was that the include heading Sonangol’s refining-operations arm, Sonaref. refineries were uneconomic. I

JUNE 2011 49 ANGOLA COUNTRY INFORMATION

Embassies Abroad

UNITED STATES OF AMERICA Cabinda DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC www.angola.org 2100-2108 16th Street, NW OF CONGO Washington, DC 20009 Tel: + 1 202 7851156

Consulates general in Houston and New York

UNITED KINGDOM Luanda AFRICA www.angola.org.uk 22 Dorset Street London W1U 6QY Tel: + 44 20 72999850 ANGOLA ANGOLA

PORTUGAL www.embaixadadeangola.org Avenida da República, 68 Lisboa 1050 Tel: + 351 21 7967041 / 7967043 t c e Consulate general in Porto j o r p ZAMBIA s p a M o

FRANCE g k n i G

www.emb-ang.fr m

19 avenue Foch o r f

Paris 75116 d e t a n

Tel: + 33 1 45015820 i g i r o

p NAMIBIA a BRAzIL M BOTSWANA www.embaixadadeangola.com.br SHIS - QL 6 - Conjunto 5 - Casa 1 Brasília DF 71620-055l Useful websites Tel: + 55 61 32484489 / 32482999 Government of Angola: ...... www.angola.gov.ao

Consulate general in Rio de Janeiro Banco Nacional de Angola: ...... www.bna.ao ANIP (Investment agency): ...... www.anip.co.ao Tourism information: ...... www.minhotur.gov.ao SOUTH AFRICA Jornal de Angola: ...... www.jornaldeangola.com 1030 Schoeman Street Angola News Agency (Angop): ...... www.portalangop.co.ao Hatfield Pretoria 8685 Angola online: ...... www.angola-online.ao Tel: + 27 12 3420049 / 3420052 RNA (Rádio Nacional de Angola): ...... www.rna.ao TPA (Televisão Pú blica de Angola): ...... www.tpa.ao Consulates general in Johannesburg and Cape Town Fundação Eduardo dos Santos: ...... www.fesa.og.ao

50 SONANGOL UNIVERSO

Information

LOCATION ETHNIC GROUPS INDUSTRIES Southern Africa, bordering the South Atlantic Ovimbundu 37%, Kimbundu 25%, Bakongo Oil production, diamonds, iron ore, phosphates, Ocean, between Namibia and the Democratic 13%, mestiço (mixed European and native quarrying, feldspar, bauxite, uranium and gold, Republic of Congo. The province of Cabinda is African) 2%, European 1%, other 22% cement, basic metal products, fish processing, an exclave, separated from the rest of the food processing, brewing, tobacco products, country by the Democratic Republic of Congo RELIGIONS sugar, textiles, ship repair, glass for Indigenous beliefs 47%, construction, offshore services TIME zONE Roman Catholic 38%, UTC + 1 (6 hours ahead of Washington DC Protestant 15% (1998 est.) ExPORTS during standard time) $51.65 billion (2010 est.) LANGUAGES AREA Portuguese (official), Bantu and other African ExPORT PRODUCTS 1,246,700 sq km (23rd largest country in the languages Crude oil, diamonds, refined petroleum world). Slightly less than twice the size of products, coffee, sisal, fish and fish products, Texas or just over five times the size of the UK NATIONAL HOLIDAY timber, cotton Independence Day, 11 November (1975) CLIMATE MAIN ExPORT PARTNERS Semi-arid in south and along coast to Luanda; NATURAL RESOURCES China 35.65%, US 25.98%, France 8.83%, north has cool, dry season (May to October) Oil, diamonds, iron ore, phosphates, copper, South Africa 4.13% (2009) and hot, rainy season (November to April) feldspar, gold, bauxite, uranium, ornamental stones IMPORTS TERRAIN $18.1 billion (2010 est.) Narrow coastal plain rises abruptly to vast GDP interior plateau. Morro do Moco (2,620 metres $114.1 billion (2010 est.) IMPORT PRODUCTS – 8,596 feet) is the highest point Machinery and electrical equipment, vehicles GDP PER CAPITA and spare parts, medicines, food, textiles, POPULATION $8,700 (2010 est.) military goods 13,338,541 (70th country in comparison to the world) (July 2011 est.) GDP COMPOSITION BY SECTOR MAIN IMPORT PARTNERS Agriculture 9.6%, industry 65.8%, services Portugal 18.71%, China 17.39%, US 8.51%, MAJOR CITIES 24.6% (2008 est.) Brazil 8.22%, South Korea 6.72%, France Luanda (capital) 4.5 million, Huambo, Lubango 4.51%, Italy 4.28%, South Africa 4.02% (2009) and Benguela AGRICULTURE Bananas, sugar cane, coffee, sisal, corn, CURRENCY ADMINISTRATIvE DIvISIONS cotton, manioc (tapioca), tobacco, Kwanza (AOA) 18 provinces – Bengo, Benguela, Bié, Cabinda, vegetables, plantains, oranges, livestock, Cuando Cubango, Cunene, Huambo, Huila, forest products, fish INTERNATIONAL DIALLING CODE Kwanza Norte, Kwanza Sul, Luanda, Lunda + 244 Norte, Lunda Sul, Malange, Moxico, Namibe, Uíge, zaire INTERNATIONAL INTERNET CODE .ao

Partly-sourced from: https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/ao.html Source: CIA, the World Factbook

JUNE 2011 51 Palanca Negra Gigante Giant Sable Antelope

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