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und Palaontologische Abhandlungen, 156(2): 262- Crocodiles. Krieger publishing company, Malabar, Bulletin de la Société belge de Géologie, T. 104 (1-2), 1995, pp. 119-131 283. 210 p. Bulletin van de Belgische Vereniging voor Geologie. Publ. 1996. BUFFETAUT, E., 1979. Sokotosuchus ianwilsoni HOFSTETTER, R. & GASC, J.P., 1969. Vertebrae and the evolution of the Dyrosaurid crocodilians. and ribs of modern reptiles. In : GANS, C., Nigerian Field Monographs, 1: 31-41. BELLAIRS A. d'A. & PARSONS, T.S. (Editors), BUFFETAUT, E., 1980. Les crocodiliens paléogènes Biology of the Reptilia, London & New York, p. 201- SYNTHESE DES DONNEES ACTUELLES SUR du Tilemsi (Mali) : un aperçu systématique, in 310. TRANSITION Mémoire jubilaire René Lavocat, Palaeovertebrata, HUTTON, J., 1989. Movements, Home range, LES VERTEBRES DE LA pp. 15-35. Dispersal and separation of size classes in Nile croco- PALEOCENE-EOCENE DE DORMAAL (BELGIQUE). BUFFETAUT, E., 1982. Radiation évolutive, paléo- diles. American Zoologist, 29: 1033-1049. écologie et biogéographie des crocodiliens mésosu- KREBS, B., 1967. Der Jura-Krokodilier chiens. Mémoires de la Société Géologique de Machimosaurus H. v. MEYER. Paldontologisches Thierry SMITH 1 et Richard SMITH 2 France, Nouvelle Série, 142, 1-88. Zeitschrift, 41(1/2) : 46-59. BUFFETAUT, E., 1983. Wounds on the jaw of an KREBS, B., 1968. Le crocodilien Machimosaurus. Eocene mesosuchian crocodilian as possible evidence Contribuçâo para o conhecimento da fauna do for the antiquity of crocodilian intraspecific fighting Kimeridgiano da mina de lignito Guimarota (Leiria, RESUME. La présente note fournit un historique des découvertes et travaux concernant les vertébrés fossiles de behaviour. Paldontologisches Zeitschrift, 57 (1/2) : Portugal), 1. Memorias do Serviçios Geologicos de Dormaal (Brabant, Belgique). Une coupe de la dernière fouille entreprise à Dormaal en 1990 est présentée, ainsi 143-145. Portugal, 14: 53 p. qu'un aperçu stratigraphique du gisement tenant compte du nouveau classement lithostratigraphique du Paléogène en BUFFETAUT, E., De BUFFRENIL, V., De RIC- LAVOCAT, R., 1955. Observations anatomiques nou- Belgique. La liste faunique des vertébrés est réactualisée et des perspectives paléoécologiques et biostratigraphiques QLES, A., SPINAR, V.Z., 1982. Remarques anato- velles sur le genre de crocodilien Dyrosaurus sont offertes par les nouvelles collections. miques et paléohistologiques sur Dyrosaurus phos- POMEL. Comptes-Rendus de l'Académie des phaticus, Crocodilien mésosuchien des phosphates Sciences, 240: 2549-2551. MOTS-CLES: Vertébrés, Transition Paléocène-Eocène, Belgique, Dormaal, Biostratigraphie. yprésiens de Tunisie. Annales de Paléontologie, MAZZOTI, F. J. & DUNSON, W.A., 1989. 68(4) : 327-341. Osmoregulation in Crocodilians. American Zoologist, BUFFETAUT, E., BUSSERT, R. & BRINKMANN, 29: 903-920. ABSTRACT. The present paper summarises the history of fossil vertebrate discoveries and papers concerning the W., 1990. A new nonmarine vertebrate fauna in the NEILL, W.T., 1971. The last of the ruling reptiles. site of Dormaal (Brabant, Belgium). A section of the last excavation realised at Dormaal in 1990 is presented, as well Upper Cretaceous of Northern Sudan. Berliner Alligators, Crocodiles and their kin. Columbia as a stratigraphic evaluation of the site based on the latest lithostratigraphical classification of the Belgian Paleogene. Geowissenschaftlicher Abhandlungen, A, 120(1): University Press, New York & London, 486 p. The faunal list of the vertebrates is updated and the new collections open paleoecological and biostratigraphical 183-202. PIVETEAU, J., 1935. Un crocodilien de l'Eocène views. COTT, H.B., 1961. Scientific results of an enquiry inférieur de l'Afrique du Nord : le into the ecology and economic status of the Nile cro- Dyrosaurus. Annales de Paléontologie, 24: 51-71. KEY-WORDS: Vertebrates, Paleocene-Eocene transition, Belgium, Dormaal, Biostratigraphy. codile (Crocodylus niloticus) in Uganda and Northern Rhodesia. Transactions of the Zoological Society of RANA, S.R., 1987. Dyrosaurid crocodile London, 29 (4) : 211-354. (Mesosuchia) from the infratappean beds of DE STEFANO, G., 1903. Nuovi rettili degli strati a Vikarabad, Hyderabad district, Andhra Pradesh. Current Science, 5(11): 532-534. fosfato della Tunisia. Bull. Soc. Geol. Ital., 22(1): 2. HISTORIQUE DES DECOUVERTES 51-80. ROMER, A.S., 1966. Vertebrate Paleontology. 1. INTRODUCTION DENTON, R.K., 1994. The marine crocodilian University of Chicago Press, Chicago & London, ET TRAVAUX Hyposaurus in North America. J.V.P. abstract of 772 p. Bien que les découvertes de vertébrés fossiles se Rutot découvre le gravier et les pre- papers, fifty fourth annual meeting, 14(3) : p. 23. STEEL, R., 1973. Crocodylia. In : KUHN, O. soient succédées à Dormaal depuis la fin du siècle 1883 : Le 7 juin, gisement appelé à connaître une DERCOURT, J., RICOU, L.E. & VRIELYNCK B., (Editors), Handbuch der Paldoherpetologie. G. passé, il reste difficile d'avoir une vue d'ensemble de miers fossiles du fossiles découverts à Dormaal 1993. Atlas of Paleoenvironnemental maps. Gauthier Fischer, Stuttgart & Portland, 116 p. la faune de ce gisement. Cela est dû à l'éparpillement grande notoriété. Les Villars, Paris, 307 pp. SWINTON, W.E., 1950. On Congosaurus bequaerti des collections et publications récentes. Pour cette rai- (Orsmael dans l'ancienne littérature) sont alors naturelle DOLLO, L., 1914. Sur la découverte de Téléosauriens DOLLO. Annales du Musée Belge, 13 : 9-56. son, une synthèse des travaux antérieurs nous paraît confiés à Dollo, du Musée royal d'Histoire à Reims, chez Lemoine. tertiaires au Congo. Bulletin Cl. Sc. de L'Académie THEVENIN, A., 1911. Le Dyrosaurus des phosphates indispensable, d'autant plus que des fouilles impor- de Bruxelles qui se rend royale de Belgique, p. 288-298. de Tunisie. Annales de Paléontologie, 6 : 95-108. tantes ont été menées par l'un de nous (R.S.) en Considérant les fossiles belges et ceux des environs de DUNSON, W.A., 1986. Estuarine populations of the TROXELL, E.L., 1925. Hyposaurus, a marine croco- décembre 1989 et novembre 1990. L'étude du Reims comme étant du même âge, ils les comparent et snapping turtle (Chelydra) as a model for the evolu- dilian. American Journal of Science, 9 (54): 489-514. matériel provenant de ces fouilles est toujours en communiquent leurs résultats à Rutot. tion of marine adaptations in Reptiles. Copeia, WEBB, G.J.W. & MESSEL, H., 1978. Movement and cours et les nouvelles données s'ajoutent progres- 1884 : Rutot et Van Den Broeck publient la coupe du 1986(3): 741-756. dispersal patterns of Crocodylus porosus in some sivement à celles fournies par les collections exis- gisement (Fig. 2) et la première «liste de vertébrés FREY, E., 1982. Ecology, locomotion and tail muscle rivers of Arnhem Land, Northern Australia. tantes de l'Institut royal des Sciences naturelles de fossiles recueillis dans le gravier de l'assise supérieu- anatomy of Crocodiles. Neues Jahrbuch für Australian Wildlife research, 5: 263-283. Belgique. re de l'étage Landénien au Sud-Est d'Orsmael» : Geologische und Palaontologische Abhandlungen, 164(1-2) : 194-199. Manuscrit reçu le 3.08.1995 et accepté pour publica- GRENARD, S., 1991. Handbook of Alligators and tion le 13.09.1995. 1 Boursier F.R.I.A. Laboratoire de Paléontologie des Vertébrés, Université Catholique de Louvain, Place Louis Pasteur 3 -B-1348 Louvain-la-Neuve. Adresse correspondance: Département de Paléontologie, Institut royal des Sciences naturelles de Belgique, Rue Vautier 29 - B-1040 Bruxelles. 2 Laekenveld 6 - B-1780 Wemmel. 118 119 Gingerich, décrit une nouvelle faune du Mammifères : Plesiadapis, Protoadapis, 1928 : Teilhard de Chardin figure quelques pièces 1978: Van Valen inclut Landenodon (QUINET, 1966) 1989 : et y présente une nouvelle espè- D.?cticadapis, Hyracotherhyus, Pachynolophus nouvelles. Parmi elles, une molaire supérieure rappor- dans le genre Prothryptacodon (SIMPSON, 1935). Wasatchien inférieur Arfia junnei. Dans la discussion de Maldani, Protoproviverra ?, petit mammifère inédit. tée à Adapisoriculus minimus, une incisive rapportée Ainsi, il considère Landenodon woutersi, L. luciani et ce de Créodonte : cette espèce, il relève que les spécimens figurés par Reptiles : Crocodiliens, Varan, Chélonien (Platemys), à Plesiadapis sp. ainsi qu'une molaire inférieure de Chriacus europeus (?) comme synonymes de représentent proba- Ophidien ? Dissacus sp. Prothryptacodon europeus (QUINET, 1966). Lange-Badré et Godinot (1982) de la blement trois taxons différents: Arfia woutersi, A. jun- Poissons : Lamna elegans, Lamna cuspidata, Otodus 1929: Simpson publie un résumé d'une première révi- M. Godinot et al. publient une liste réactualisée nei et peut-être un troisième taxon. Miacis latouri rutoti, Otodus striatus, Lepidosteus. sion des faunes du Paléocène et de l'Eocène inférieur faune de Dormaal. Les nouvelles collections prove- et QUINET, 1966 est comparé à M. tenuis (ZHEN et al., 1902 : Leriche, dans son étude sur les poissons paléo- d'Europe afin de les comparer à celles des Etats-Unis. nant de fouilles privées de Wouters, Gigase au matériel 1975) et à M. winkleri GINGERICH, 1983. cènes de la Belgique, conclut que la faune ichthyolo- Il reprend, pour Dormaal, la liste faunique de Teilhard Crochard-Girardot-Herman, qui s'ajoutent de 1989-1990 : R. Smith entreprend de nouvelles gique du Landénien supérieur est essentiellement de Chardin et propose le remplacement de récolté par l'Institut royal des Sciences naturelles compléter les fouilles à Dormaal
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  • The Earliest Known Eutherian Mammal

    The Earliest Known Eutherian Mammal

    articles The earliest known eutherian mammal Qiang Ji*, Zhe-Xi Luo†, Chong-Xi Yuan*, John R. Wible†, Jian-Ping Zhang‡ & Justin A. Georgi† * Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, Beijing 100037, China † Carnegie Museum of Natural History, 4400 Forbes Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, USA ‡ Geoscience University of China, Beijing 100083, China ........................................................................................................................................................................................................................... The skeleton of a eutherian (placental) mammal has been discovered from the Lower Cretaceous Yixian Formation of northeastern China. We estimate its age to be about 125 million years (Myr), extending the date of the oldest eutherian records with skull and skeleton by about 40–50 Myr. Our analyses place the new fossil at the root of the eutherian tree and among the four other known Early Cretaceous eutherians, and suggest an earlier and greater diversification of stem eutherians that occurred well before the molecular estimate for the diversification of extant placental superorders (104–64 Myr). The new eutherian has limb and foot features that are known only from scansorial (climbing) and arboreal (tree-living) extant mammals, in contrast to the terrestrial or cursorial (running) features of other Cretaceous eutherians. This suggests that the earliest eutherian lineages developed different locomotory adaptations, facilitating their spread to diverse niches in the Cretaceous. Placental
  • Author-Title Index

    Author-Title Index

    AUTHOR-TITLE INDEX A ___. Paleoecology of cyclic sediments of the lower Green River Formation, central Utah. 1969. 16(1):3- Ahlborn, R. C. Mesozoic-Cenozoic structural develop­ 95. ment of the Kern Mountains, eastern Nevada-western Utah. 1977. 24(2):117-131. ___ and J. K. Rigby. Studies for students no. 10: Ge­ ologic guide to Provo Canyon and Weber Canyon, Alexander, D. W. Petrology and petrography of the Bridal Veil Limestone Member of the Oquirrh Formation at central Wasatch Mountains, Utah. 1980. 27(3):1-33. Cascade Mountain, Utah. 1978. 25(3):11-26. ___. See Chamberlain, C. K. 1973. 20(1):79-94. Anderson, R. E. Quaternary tectonics along the inter­ ___. See George, S. E. 1985. 32(1):39-61. mountain seismic belt south of Provo, Utah. 1978. ___. See Johnson, B. T. 1984. 31(1):29-46. 25(1):1-10. ___. See Young, R. B. 1984. 31(1):187-211. Anderson, S. R. Stratigraphy and structure of the Sunset Bagshaw, L. H. Paleoecology of the lower Carmel Forma- Peak area near Brighton, Utah. 1974. 21(1):131-150. tion of the San Rafael Swell, Emery County, Utah. Anderson, T. C. Compound faceted spurs and recurrent 1977. 24(2):51-62. movement in the Wasatch fault zone, north central Bagshaw, R. L. Foraminiferal abundance related to bento­ Utah. 1977. 24(2):83-101. nitic ash beds in the Tununk Member of the Mancos Armstrong, R. M. Environmental geology of the Provo­ Shale (Cretaceous) in southeasternUtah. 1977. Orem area. 1975. 22(1):39-67. 24(2):33-49.
  • Virtual Endocranial and Inner Ear Endocasts of the Paleocene

    Virtual Endocranial and Inner Ear Endocasts of the Paleocene

    Journal of Anatomy J. Anat. (2019) doi: 10.1111/joa.13084 Virtual endocranial and inner ear endocasts of the Paleocene ‘condylarth’ Chriacus: new insight into the neurosensory system and evolution of early placental mammals Ornella C. Bertrand1 Sarah L. Shelley,2 John R. Wible,2 Thomas E. Williamson,3 Luke T. Holbrook,4 Stephen G.B. Chester,5,6,7 Ian B. Butler1 and Stephen L. Brusatte1,3 1School of GeoSciences, University of Edinburgh, Grant Institute, Edinburgh, UK 2Section of Mammals, Carnegie Museum of Natural History, Pittsburgh, PA, USA 3New Mexico Museum of Natural History and Science, Albuquerque, NM, USA 4Department of Biological Sciences, Rowan University, Glassboro, NJ, USA 5Department of Anthropology and Archaeology, Brooklyn College, City University of New York, Brooklyn, NY, USA 6Department of Anthropology, The Graduate Center, City University of New York, New York, NY, USA 7New York Consortium in Evolutionary Primatology, New York, NY, USA Abstract The end-Cretaceous mass extinction allowed placental mammals to diversify ecologically and taxonomically as they filled ecological niches once occupied by non-avian dinosaurs and more basal mammals. Little is known, however, about how the neurosensory systems of mammals changed after the extinction, and what role these systems played in mammalian diversification. We here use high-resolution computed tomography (CT) scanning to describe the endocranial and inner ear endocasts of two species, Chriacus pelvidens and Chriacus baldwini, which belong to a cluster of ‘archaic’ placental mammals called ‘arctocyonid condylarths’ that thrived during the ca. 10 million years after the extinction (the Paleocene Epoch), but whose relationships to extant placentals are poorly understood.