DOCSLIB.ORG

Life History Damage Coneworm Management Identification

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Life History Damage Coneworm Management Identification Forest Health Protection and State Forestry Organizations January 2006 10.2 Management Guide for WEB July 2010 Coneworm Management By Sandy Kegley Diorvctria abietivorella (Grote) US Forest Service This moth is a chronic Hosts: pest in western white Douglas-fir Spruces pine seed orchards in True firs Western hemlock northern Idaho and Mountain hemlock Douglas-fir stands in All pines Montana. Topics Damage Damage 1 Larvae mine and riddle western white pine, and ponderosa cones—feeding on cone tissue and pine and have been found infesting Life History 1 seeds. They are very mobile and western white pine blister rust Identification 2 will emerge from feeding on one canker margins. Frass and webbing Management 2 cone to continue feeding on are obvious on the outside of cones another. Larvae can also bore into and bark where coneworms have Other Reading 2 graft unions of Douglas-fir, been feeding. Field Guide Management Life History Guide Index Life history is variable and not well known. Larvae develop from June through September in Key Points the new growing cones. Some Detection seen larvae pupate in cocoons on the as conspicuous ground during July, August and clumps of frass September and adults emerge stuck together shortly after to lay eggs, which with silk webbing overwinter. Other larvae on the outside of overwinter as prepupae in cocoons Coneworm frass on outside of larch cones. in the ground, or in cones, pupate cone. Photo from FHP photo library. in the spring and emerge as adults Insecticides have during May and June. Eggs are proven effective laid on twigs and cone bracts. Identification in managing coneworm Coneworm presence in cones or populations in in graft unions can be detected by western white conspicuous clumps of frass stuck pine seed together with silk webbing on the orchards. outside of cones or bark. Damaged cones may also have circular exit holes and can be discolored. Mature Photo above: Coneworm adult moth. larvae are about 18 mm long with a Photo from FHP photo library. deep amber brown, shiny head. Page 2 Back to menu Coneworm 10.2 The body is amber brown to *Chemical insecticide reddish-purple with faint dorsal registrations for insect lines and broader subdorsal stripes. control change Adults are gray and white with dark frequently. Contact County, State, or gray crossbands on the forewings. Federal pesticide Hind wings are pale gray. coordinators for updates Wingspan is about 25 mm. on current insecticide registrations and application methods. Management Chemical contols Insecticides have proven effective in managing coneworm Infested and normal populations in western white pine seed orchards. Two western white pine cone. Note discoloration and applications of fenvalerate*, a synthetic pyrethroid, applied frass on infested cone. in May and again in June, significantly increased seed yield Photo by Sandra Kegley (Haverty et al. 1986). Monitoring Pheromones have been identified but appear to be unstable in the field. Recently, research identified a new pheromone formulation which has shown promise and may be available for use in the near future. Pheromones can be used in traps to monitor populations and determine timing for insecticide treatments. They might also be used in mating disruption and trap out strategies in seed orchards. Coneworm larva inside western white pine cone. Photo by Sandra Kegley Other Reading Forest Health Protection and State Forestry Organizations Haverty, M.I.; Shea, P.J.; and Stipe, L.E. 1986. Single and multiple applications of fenvalerate to protect western white pine Assistance on State Assistance on cones from Dioryctria abietivorella (Lepidopters: And Private Lands Federal Lands Pyralidae). Journal of Economic Entomol. 79(1): 158-161. Montana: (406) 542-4300 US Forest Service Region Hedlin, A.F.; Yates, H.O. III; Cibrian-Tovar, D.; Ebel, B.H.; One Idaho: (208) 769-1525 Koerber, T.W.; Merkel, E.P. 1981. Cone and seed insects Missoula: (406) 329-3605 Coeur d’Alene: (208) 765 of North American conifers. Canadian Forestry Service, Utah: (801) 538-5211 -7342 United States Forest Service, Secretaria de Agricultura y Recursos Hidraulicos, Mexico. 122 p. Nevada: (775) 684-2513 US Forest Service Region Wyoming: (307) 777- Four Koerber, T. W., et al. 1976. Preventing fir coneworm damage to 5659 Ogden: (801) 476-9720 newly grafted ponderosa pine. Tree Planters' Notes 27(2): Boise: (208) 373-4227 18-19. N.Dakota (701) 228-5422 Sopow, S.L.; Benett, R.G.; Landry, J.F.; Landry B. 1996. Identification of the “grey” Dioryctria species of British Columbia (Lepidoptera, Pyralidae). J. Entomol. Soc. Brit. Columbia 93: 75-92. Disclaimers | Privacy Policy .
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Forestry Research Notes
    . , WEYERHAEUSER TIMBER Forestry R esearch N otes Tacoma, Washington BETTER TIMBER CROPS THROUGH INDUSTRIAl FOREST MANAGEMENT Fbrestry Research Note Noo 22 January 1960 DOUGLAS - FIR CONE AND SEED INSECT BI OLOGICAL AND CONTROL STUDIES: PROGRESS IN 1958 , 1959 by 'r. 1/ Norman E .. John son and Jack K. Win jum- Foresters in the Pacific Northwest a ~ e g1v1ng increased attention to use of high quality Douglas-fir seed. I nsect damage is one phase of seed investigations being conducted by our forestry resear ch staff at Centralia. The objective is to devel op a sound basis for control of ·the important cone and seed insects of D6uglas-fir. The reporting of pr ogress from these studies should prove of timely inter•est. The present paper on cone and seed insects of Douglas-fir in wester n Washington and Oregon contains sections on: ( 1) a key to seed--damaging larvae commbn i n green Dougl as-fir ·cones in western Washington, ( 2) the p·e,r iod of emergence and attack of the adults of ·these same larvae., ( 3 ) /chemical control tests and ( 4 ) · pre ... cautions on the use of insecticides. Changes in both the scientific and common names of the insects dealt with in this paper has resulted in some confusion. The following l ist of "Names usedr·r with the "Explanatory notes" is included to give the various synonyms with references where the name was originally used. The authors ., Forest Entomol ogist and Technol ogi·st, r 'espectively, express appreciation for fine cboperation that facilitated these studies: Chemical companies for ~upplying insecticides to test; members of our forestry research staff, D~.
    [Show full text]
  • University of Alberta
    University of Alberta Seasonal phenology and reproductive behaviour of Dioryctria species Zeller (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) in British Columbian seed orchards by Caroline Marie Whitehouse A thesis submitted to the Faculty of Graduate Studies and Research in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science in Ecology Department of Biological Sciences ©Caroline M. Whitehouse Spring 2011 Edmonton, Alberta Permission is hereby granted to the University of Alberta Libraries to reproduce single copies of this thesis and to lend or sell such copies for private, scholarly or scientific research purposes only. Where the thesis is converted to, or otherwise made available in digital form, the University of Alberta will advise potential users of the thesis of these terms. The author reserves all other publication and other rights in association with the copyright in the thesis and, except as herein before provided, neither the thesis nor any substantial portion thereof may be printed or otherwise reproduced in any material form whatsoever without the author's prior written permission. Library and Archives Bibliothèque et Canada Archives Canada Published Heritage Direction du Branch Patrimoine de l’édition 395 Wellington Street 395, rue Wellington Ottawa ON K1A 0N4 Ottawa ON K1A 0N4 Canada Canada Your file Votre référence ISBN: 978-0-494-70885-9 Our file Notre référence ISBN: 978-0-494-70885-9 NOTICE: AVIS: The author has granted a non- L’auteur a accordé une licence non exclusive exclusive license allowing Library and permettant
    [Show full text]
  • FIR CONEWORM (Dioryctria Abietivorella)
    Cone and Seed Insect Pest Leaflet No. 3 British Columbia Ministry of Forests and Range, Tree Improvement Branch, Saanichton, BC FIR CONEWORM (Dioryctria abietivorella) Dioryctria abietivorella adult (W. Strong) TAXONOMY: Order: Lepidoptera (butterflies and moths) Family: Pyralidae (snout moths) HOSTS: Most Pinaceae in North America, especially Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii), pines (Pinus spp.), spruces (Picea spp.), and true firs (Abies spp.). DISTRIBUTION: Widely distributed across North America. In British Columbia, the fir coneworm is most common in the dry interior but can also be abundant on the coast. DAMAGE: Larvae tunnel throughout cones, feeding voraciously on scales, seeds, and other cone tissues. Cone clusters are often targeted and, as feeding progresses, the cones become bound together with coarse frass and webbing. Douglas-fir cones with Dioryctria abietivorella feeding (D. Manastyrski) 2 Cone and Seed Insect Pest Leaflet No. 3 Fir Coneworm (Dioryctria abietivorella) One or more entrance holes or excavations may be visible on individual cones. Also, fir coneworm larvae are often associated with branch and stem galls, graft unions, and other injuries where they cause mining damage similar to that caused by Synanthedon pitch moths. IMPORTANCE: Periodically, fir coneworm is a very important pest of seed and cone crops. One larva may destroy an entire cone and, in some years, entire cone crops. In addition, larvae feed within cones well into the fall and can cause significant post-harvest damage in stored cones awaiting seed extraction. In natural stands, fir coneworm populations tend to follow a cycle of steadily increasing levels (and damage) over a period of a few years before falling off to negligible levels.
    [Show full text]
  • Identification of Dioryctria
    SYSTEMATICS Identification of Dioryctria (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) in a Seed Orchard at Chico, California 1 2 3 1 AMANDA D. ROE, JOHN D. STEIN, NANCY E. GILLETTE, AND FELIX A. H. SPERLING Ann. Entomol. Soc. Am. 99(3): 433Ð448 (2006) ABSTRACT Species of Dioryctria Zeller (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) are important pests of conifers, particularly in seed orchards, and accurate species identiÞcation is needed for effective monitoring and control. Variable forewing morphology and lack of species-speciÞc genitalic features hinder identiÞcation, prompting the search for additional diagnostic characters. Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) sequences from the cytochrome c oxidase I and II genes (COI and COII) were obtained from specimens collected at lights, pheromone traps, and host plants in the PaciÞc Northwest, focusing on a U.S. Forest Service seed orchard in Chico, CA. A 475-bp fragment of COI was used to identify eight distinct genetic lineages from 180 Dioryctria specimens, and these were identiÞed as eight described species. Comparisons among mtDNA variation, adult morphology, larval host association, and pheromone attraction were used to assign individuals to species groups and to identify diagnostic characters for species identiÞcation. A 2.3-kb fragment of COI-COII was sequenced for 14 specimens to increase resolution of phylogenetic relationships. Species groups were well resolved using both the 475-bp and “DNA barcode” subsets of the 2.3-kb sequences, with the 475-bp fragment generally showing lower divergences. The zimmermani and ponderosae species groups were sister groups and had similar male genitalic morphology and larval feeding habits. The pentictonella group was sister to the zimmermani ϩ ponderosae group clade, and all species have raised scales and a Pinus sp.
    [Show full text]
  • The Effects of Atmospheric Composition, Climate, and Herbivory On
    THE EFFECTS OF ATMOSPHERIC COMPOSITION, CLIMATE, AND HERBIVORY ON PLANT SECONDARY METABOLISM AND VOLATILE ORGANIC CARBON EMISSIONS by AMY MARIE TROWBRIDGE B.S., University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 2005 A thesis submitted to the Faculty of the Graduate School of the University of Colorado in partial fulfillment of the requirement for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Department of Ecology & Evolutionary Biology 2012 This thesis entitled: The effects of atmospheric composition, climate, and herbivory on plant secondary metabolism and volatile organic carbon emissions written by Amy Marie Trowbridge has been approved for the Department of Ecology & Evolutionary Biology Russell K. Monson M. Deane Bowers Tim R. Seastedt Alan R. Townsend Dena M. Smith Date The final copy of this thesis has been examined by the signatories, and we Find that both the content and the form meet acceptable presentation standards Of scholarly work in the above mentioned discipline. iii Trowbridge, Amy Marie (Ph.D., Ecology & Evolutionary Biology) The effects of atmospheric composition, climate, and herbivory on plant secondary metabolism and volatile organic carbon emissions Thesis directed by Professor Russell K. Monson ABSTRACT Quantifying the biosynthesis and emission of terpenes by plants is necessary to understand ecological interactions and improve global atmospheric models. Many studies have addressed the importance of individual factors influencing terpene production and release into the atmosphere, but few have investigated complex interactions between multiple variables and the resulting chemistry’s effects on interactions between organisms across multiple trophic levels. To address this gap in our knowledge, I conducted a series of experiments to examine abiotic and biotic controls over terpene synthesis and emission in Poplar x canescens and Pinus edulis, in which terpenes play prominent roles in plant physiological protection (isoprene) and defense (monoterpenes).
    [Show full text]
  • A Field Guide to Diseases and Insect Pests of Northern and Central
    2013 Reprint with Minor Revisions A FIELD GUIDE TO DISEASES & INSECT PESTS OF NORTHERN & CENTRAL ROCKY MOUNTAIN CONIFERS HAGLE GIBSON TUNNOCK United States Forest Service Department of Northern and Agriculture Intermountain Regions United States Department of Agriculture Forest Service State and Private Forestry Northern Region P.O. Box 7669 Missoula, Montana 59807 Intermountain Region 324 25th Street Ogden, UT 84401 http://www.fs.usda.gov/main/r4/forest-grasslandhealth Report No. R1-03-08 Cite as: Hagle, S.K.; Gibson, K.E.; and Tunnock, S. 2003. Field guide to diseases and insect pests of northern and central Rocky Mountain conifers. Report No. R1-03-08. (Reprinted in 2013 with minor revisions; B.A. Ferguson, Montana DNRC, ed.) U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, State and Private Forestry, Northern and Intermountain Regions; Missoula, Montana, and Ogden, Utah. 197 p. Formated for online use by Brennan Ferguson, Montana DNRC. Cover Photographs Conk of the velvet-top fungus, cause of Schweinitzii root and butt rot. (Photographer, Susan K. Hagle) Larvae of Douglas-fir bark beetles in the cambium of the host. (Photographer, Kenneth E. Gibson) FIELD GUIDE TO DISEASES AND INSECT PESTS OF NORTHERN AND CENTRAL ROCKY MOUNTAIN CONIFERS Susan K. Hagle, Plant Pathologist (retired 2011) Kenneth E. Gibson, Entomologist (retired 2010) Scott Tunnock, Entomologist (retired 1987, deceased) 2003 This book (2003) is a revised and expanded edition of the Field Guide to Diseases and Insect Pests of Idaho and Montana Forests by Hagle, Tunnock, Gibson, and Gilligan; first published in 1987 and reprinted in its original form in 1990 as publication number R1-89-54.
    [Show full text]
  • Annotated Bibliography of Climate and Forest Diseases of Western North America
    Climate and Forest Disease | Ecosystem Effects | Climate Change | PSW Research Station Page 1 of 156 Pacific Southwest Research Station Annotated Bibliography of Climate and Forest Diseases of Western North America Hennon, P.E. 1990. Etiologies of forest declines in western North America. In: Proceedings of Society of American Foresters: Are forests the answer? Washington, D.C.; 1990 July 29-August 1. Bethesda, MD: Society of American Foresters: 154–159. Parker, A.K. 1951. Pole blight recorded on the British Columbia coast. Forest Pathological Notes Number 4. Laboratory of Forest Pathology, Victoria, B.C.: 5 p. Leaphart, C.D.; Stage, A.R. 1971. Climate: a factor in the origin of the pole blight disease of Pinus monticola Dougl.. Ecology. 52: 229–239. Abstract: Measurements of cores or disc samples representing slightly more than 76,000 annual rings from 336 western white pine tree were compiled to obtain a set of deviations from normal growth of healthy trees that would express the response of these trees to variation in the environment during the last 280 years. Their growth was demonstrated to be a function of temperature and available moisture for the period of climatic record from 1912 to 1958. Extrapolating the relation of growth to weather to the long tree ring record of western white pine, we find that the period 1916—40 represents the most adverse growth conditions with regard to intensity and duration in the last 280 years. This drought, superimposed on sites having severe moisture—stress characteristics, triggered the chain of events which ultimately resulted in pole blight. If the unfavorable conditions for growth during 1916—40 do not represent a shift to a new climatic mean and if western white pine is regenerated only on sites with low moisture—stress characteristics, the probability is high that pole blight will not reoccur for many centuries in stands regenerated from this date on.
    [Show full text]
  • Host Plants Influence Parasitism of Forest Caterpillars
    letters to nature the impact of change in Naþ Kþ ATPase capacity upon tissue respiration. In vertebrate 25. Armstrong, R. B. & Laughlin, M. H. Metabolic indicators of fibre recruitment in mammalian muscles þ þ liver, a 5.6-fold change in Na K ATPase capacity ‘drives’ a 1.63-fold change in V˙ O2 , during locomotion. J. Exp. Biol. 115, 201–213 (1985). while in vertebrate brain, a 3.78-fold change in Naþ Kþ ATPase ‘drives’ a 1.63-fold change 26. Hochachka, P. W., Bianconcini, M., Parkhouse, W. D. & Dobson, G. P. On the role of actomyosin þ þ in V˙ O2 ; thus the ratios of change in metabolic flux capacities/change in Na K ATPase ATPase in regulation of ATP turnover rates during intense exercise. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 88, capacities, the c i values, are 0.29 (for liver) and 0.43 (for brain). We do not have global c i 5764–5768 (1991). values for whole-body rates, but because Naþ Kþ ATPase activities account for a large 27. Waterlow, J. C. Protein turnover with special reference to man. Q. J. Exp. Physiol. 69, 409–438 12,13 (1984). percentage of BMR in numerous animals ,thec i values estimated for the liver and brain are probably fairly representative. In some tissues, such as kidneys, the values may be 28. Brody, S. Bioenergetics and Growth (Hafner, New York, 1945). higher; in some, such as non-working muscles, they may be lower13. That is why, in our 29. Fuery, C. J., Withers, P. C. & Guppy, M.
    [Show full text]
  • Systematics of the Dioryctria Abietella Species Group (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) Based on Mitochondrial DNA
    SYSTEMATICS Systematics of the Dioryctria abietella Species Group (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) Based on Mitochondrial DNA G. ROUX-MORABITO,1,2 N. E. GILLETTE,3 A. ROQUES,1 L. DORMONT,4 5 6 J. STEIN, AND F.A.H. SPERLING Ann. Entomol. Soc. Am. 101(5): 845Ð859 (2008) ABSTRACT Coneworms of the genus Dioryctria Zeller include several serious pests of conifer seeds that are notoriously difÞcult to distinguish as species. We surveyed mitochondrial DNA variation within the abietella species group by sequencing 451 bp of cytochrome oxidase subunit 1 (COI) and 572 bp of cytochrome oxidase subunit 2 (COII) genes from 64 individuals of six major species in the group. In addition to examining phylogenetic relationships within European members of the group, the study focused on the two most damaging species, D. abietivorella Grote from North America and D. abietella Denis & Schiffermu¨ ller from Europe and Asia, which have been considered taxonomically synonymous in the past. To detect different levels of divergence, we extensively sampled in seed orchards and natural forests for D. abietella on different hosts. Maximum parsimony and maximum likelihood analyses conÞrmed the monophyly of the abietella species group and its separation into three clades. The grouping of North American species (clade A) received strong support in both analyses, whereas relationships between clade A and the two European clades were weakly supported. Dioryctria simplicella Heinemann could not be unambiguously separated from D. abietella populations. The diverse haplotypes observed in the network analysis conducted with eight populations of polyphagous D. abietella suggested the presence of two distinct lineages in France. KEY WORDS Dioryctria, mitochondrial DNA, COI, COII, seed orchard The greater diversity of phytophagous insect clades merous examples of species complexes in which there compared with their nonphytophagous sister groups are evolutionarily signiÞcant entities that may or may has lead biologists to postulate that host plants strongly not represent species (Sperling 2003, Wahlberg et al.
    [Show full text]
  • The Life History and Biology of Dioryctria Zimmermani Grote
    THE LIFE. Hi3 "sax! AND macaw! ca: psmvcmm gmmmm: GROTE {Lemmmnm pmcmmg) IN saumrsm MiCHSGAN Thesis fGi‘ the Degree of M. S. MECHtGAN STATE UNWERSSTY Rahefl B. Car‘san i962 LIBRARY Michigan State University ABSTRACT THE LIFE HISTORY AND BIOLOGY OF DIORYCTRIA ZIMMERMANI GROTE (LEPIDOPTERA: PHYCITIDAE) IN SOUTHERN MICHIGAN by Robert B. Carlson This article reports the findings of studies on the biology and life history of the Zimmerman pine moth, Dioryctria zimmermani Grote in southern Michigan. Cage studies were carried out to determine adult habits, activities and oviposition sites. DevelOpment of eggs was observed, as were larval activities upon eclosion. The vertical distribution of eggs on caged trees is described. Vertical distribution of larvae and pupae on infested trees in the field is given and a discussion of potential factors contributing to this distribution follows. DevelOpment of larvae throughout the growing season is shown by means of the mean head capsule measurements on given dates and an attempt is made to determine the number of instars in the larval stage. Occurence of parasitism in the egg stage and last larval stadium are discussed and the parasite Species are given. To the authors know- ledge this is the first report of parasitism in the egg stage. The application of the findings to direct control of this Species in high value plantations is discussed and reference is made to success- ful experimental control achieved on the basis of these findings. Robert B. Carlson The relationships between 2, zimmermani, Q. cambiicola Dyar, and Q. abietivorella Grote in regard to damage caused and biology of the Species were observed and an analysis of this complex is presented.
    [Show full text]
  • Specimen Records for North American Lepidoptera (Insecta) in the Oregon State Arthropod Collection
    Catalog: Oregon State Arthropod Collection 2019 Vol 3(2) Specimen records for North American Lepidoptera (Insecta) in the Oregon State Arthropod Collection. Pyraloidea: Crambidae Latreille 1810 and Pyralidae Linnaeus, 1758 Jon H. Shepard Paul C. Hammond Christopher J. Marshall Oregon State Arthropod Collection, Department of Integrative Biology, Oregon State University, Corvallis OR 97331 Cite this work, including the attached dataset, as: Shepard, J. S, P. C. Hammond, C. J. Marshall. 2019. Specimen records for North American Lepidoptera (Insecta) in the Oregon State Arthropod Collection. Pyraloidea: Crambidae Latreille 1810 and Pyralidae Linnaeus, 1758. Catalog: Oregon State Arthropod Collection 3(2) (beta version). http://dx.doi.org/10.5399/osu/cat_osac.3.2.4596 Introduction These records were generated using funds from the LepNet project (Seltmann et al. 2017) - a national effort to create digital records for North American Lepidoptera. The dataset published herein contains the label data for all North American specimens of Crambidae in the collection as of March 2019. This dataset is not complete, as portions of our North American Pyralidae remain to be digitized. This will be accomplished with a future dataset. A beta version of these data records will be made available on the OSAC server (http://osac.oregonstate.edu/IPT) at the time of this publication. The beta version will be replaced in the near future with an official release (version 1.0), which will be archived as a supplemental file to this paper. Methods Basic digitization protocols and metadata standards can be found in (Shepard et al. 2018). Identifications for this family are tricky, especially in the Pacific Northwest where the pyraloid fauna remains relatively unstudied.
    [Show full text]
  • Optimization of Pheromone Lure and Trap Design for Monitoring the Fir Coneworm, Dioryctria Abietivorella Ward B
    DOI: 10.1111/j.1570-7458.2007.00635.x Blackwell Publishing Ltd Optimization of pheromone lure and trap design for monitoring the fir coneworm, Dioryctria abietivorella Ward B. Strong1*, Jocelyn G. Millar2, Gary G. Grant3, Jardel A. Moreira2, J. Michael Chong4 & Carline Rudolph5 1British Columbia Ministry of Forests, Kalamalka Forestry Center, 3401 Reservoir Road, Vernon, BC, Canada V1B 2C7, 2Department of Entomology, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA, 3Great Lakes Forestry Center, Canadian Forest Service, 1219 Queen St East, Sault Ste. Marie, ON, Canada P6A 2E5, 4Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON Canada 2NL 3G1, and 5Institute of Forest Genetics, USDA Forest Service, 2480 Carson Road, Placerville, CA 95667, USA Accepted: 18 September 2007 Key words: pest management, seed orchard, Douglas fir, UV stabilizer, antioxidant, (3Z,6Z,9Z,12Z,15Z)-pentacosapentaene, (9Z,11E)-tetradecadien-1-yl acetate, (Z)-9-tetradecenyl acetate, mating disruption, Lepidoptera, Pyralidae Abstract The major components of the sex pheromone of Dioryctria abietivorella (Groté) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) were recently identified as (9Z,11E)-tetradecadien-1-yl acetate (9Z,11E-14:Ac) and a polyunsaturated, long-chain hydrocarbon (3Z,6Z,9Z,12Z,15Z)-pentacosapentaene (C25 pentaene). The optimal ratio of these components and the role of potential minor components were not fully determined in the initial short report on the pheromone’s identification. We tested different ratios of the two major components loaded into grey halobutyl rubber septum dispensers, placed in sticky traps deployed in conifer breeding arboreta. The optimal ratio of the two components was 200 µg 9Z,11E-14:Ac to 2000 µg C25 pentaene.
    [Show full text]