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The Development of Strategic Defense Security СТРАТЕГИЧЕСКИЕ ОБОРОННО БЕЗОПАСНОСТНЫЕ ОЦЕНКИ - THE DEVELOPMENT OF STRATEGIC DEFENSE SECURITY ASSESSMENTS AND DOCUMENTS AS A THEORETICAL- METHODOLOGICAL AND ACADEMIC-EXPERT BASIS FOR THE STRATEGIC DEFENSE REVIEW HAYK S. KOTANJIAN, Major General, Doctor of Political Science (Russian Federation), Professor of Political Science (Republic of Armenia), Visiting Professor at the US National Defense University, Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary, Elected Full Member of the Academy of Military Sciences of the Russian Federation, Chairman of the Political Science Association of Armenia, Member of the CSTO Academic-Expert Council, Head of the INSS, MOD, RA In general, universal principles guided the development of the National Security Strategy (NSS) for the Republic of Armenia (RA). I carefully honed them through a comparative analysis of both Western and Russian systems of strategic security thinking, using my personal experience and official involvement in postdoctoral academic on-the-job trainings and fellowships at the most prestigious security studies research-educational institutions of the RF and the US – the Russian Academy of Public Administration at the RF President, as well as the US Institute for National Strategic Studies, National Defense University. Later at the behest of the Armenian Leadership, it became possible to conduct a Strategic Defense Reassessment. This innovative research-based development process was launched during the final phase of Perestroika and then continued after the collapse of the Soviet Union– when Armenia gained its independence and the RA Armed Forces were created. This was a starting point for gaining a theoretical and methodological approach of how to develop a System of Military Policy and Military Diplomacy, as well as the NSS of independent Armenia, which at the beginning of the independent nation-state building was developed and refined during my direct involvement in the activities of the Center for Research Methodology of International Relations at the Diplomatic Academy of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Russian Federation (RF), the Chair of Military and Political Sciences of the Military Academy of the General Staff of the RF Armed Forces, and the Russian Association of National and International Security1. 1 See N. Ter-Grigoryants. About the Author. Hayk S. Kotanjian. Political Problems of STRATEGIC DEFENSE REVIEW 1 H. S. KOTANJIAN In 1991-1992, while Armenia was gaining independence and the country’s Armed Forces were being created, I served as a Senior Research Fellow at the Russian Academy of Public Administration, research environments of the above- mentioned think tanks of Moscow. During this period, I developed the “Principles of the Military Policy of the Republic of Armenia: Military and Political Perspective of National Security, and a glossary of defense security concepts and terms “To the Basics of the RA’s Military Policy”2. In order to establish the best international standards of defense analysis and methodology for developing strategic defense security documents for the Ministry of Defense of the RA, two academic fellowships in the US particularly hold an important place. The first was withinthe generals’ program “National Security Strategy Formulation and Managing Strategic Change” under the leadership of the US Secretary of Defense William Cohen at the College of International and Security Studies of theUS-German George C. Marshall European Center for Security Studies in 1998. The second was the program “Challenges, New Techniques: Defense Analysis for the 21st Century”, which was under the leadership of the US Under Secretary of Defense Dr. David Chu at the RAND Graduate School in 2001. The further accumulation and systematization of knowledge in the field of NSS and defense doctrinal documents’ development methodology through academic fellowships was conditioned by the decision of the Minister of Defense Serzh Sargsyan – to clarify the strategic assessments of possible guidelines of optimal dynamics of Armenia’s defense security cooperation balance with the US-NATO and Russia-CSTO after the adoption of the more advanced Individual Partnership Action Plan within the Partnership for Peace Program at the 2002 NATO Summit in Prague. The solution to this question was obtained during my academic fellowship at the US National Defense University (NDU) within the “NATO Staff Officer Orientation Course”, the Research Fellowship with the involvementin Strategic Studies at the INSS, as well as at the School for National Security Executive Education (now College of International Security Affairs) in 2003- 2004. Also contributing were completion of a Distinguished Faculty Fellowship at the Institute for National Strategic Studies of the US NDU, Visiting Scholar at the National Security Program of Harvard University’s Kennedy School of Security: Perestroika in the USSR–Karabakh, Armenia, the South Caucasus–Afghanistan. Yerevan, 2009, pp. 546-549. 2 See Hayk S. Kotanjian. Principles of the Military Policy of the Republic of Armenia: Military and Political Perspective of National Security. Defense Policy Department, MOD, RA. Yerevan, 1992. 2 HAYKAKAN BANAK 3. 2015 СТРАТЕГИЧЕСКИЕ ОБОРОННО БЕЗОПАСНОСТНЫЕ ОЦЕНКИ - Government, and as a Consultant on the US-Russia Strategic Dialogue –within the same program in 2010 at the beginning of the“reset” policy. I paid particular attention to the mastering of methodological tool kit for the development of the US NSS in the INSS, US, NDU, which is the leading state center of research and review of the principles, research approaches and methodological tools for the development of both the US NSS, and its review from administrationto administration of the elected US Presidents. In the field of strategic research the US has established a tradition of comprehensive academic rethinking of domestic and foreign policies. In particular, they focus upon the theory of the so-called Grand Strategy, which is the broadest vision of optimal ways to effectively use the full power of the state for achieving foreign policy goals by non-military and military methods and means. At the same time, it should be noted that the Grand Strategy, in contrast to the NSS, is not an official document approved by the Head of the State. It does not have a political mission, unlikethe NSS, which servesthe US President to officially and publicly consult the American Society about strategic guidelines of national security during the period of the elected US Administration3. In summation, I have listed an overview of academic approaches to the introduction into Armenia’s political defense security culture of meaningful innovation achievements of the Russian and American defense security science schools in terms of strategic interests of its national security. As a result, our country achieved a harmonious and balanced manifestation of political and diplomatic cooperation, which is represented by the newly created INSS in the triangle of leading think tanks of Moscow, Washington, and Brussels. It wast his fruitful complementarity of cooperation that, on the author’s initiative and under the political leadership of the Minister of Defense, Serzh Sargsyan, made possible the implementation of the academic guidance of this academic-expert interagency cooperation, which was innovative for Armenia at that time4. During the interagency and multi-step development of the NSS, which was conducted according to the US methodology, the following were developed and tested: 3 See for instance, “The Grand Strategy of the United States” by R.D. Hooker, Jr. INSS Strategic Monograph, National Defense University Press, Washington, D.C., October 2014. 4 See “Interview with the Secretary of the President’s National Security Council, Minister of Defense of the Republic of Armenia, Chairman of the Interagency Commission for Coordinating activities on Development of Draft National Security Strategy Serzh Sargsyan”. “National Security Strategy of the Republic of Armenia”. The Special Issue of the Defense- Academic Journal “Haykakan Banak” MOD, RA, 2007, pp. 95-99. STRATEGIC DEFENSE REVIEW 3 H. S. KOTANJIAN • the author’s monographic study “Guidelines on Developing Armenian National Security Strategy in the Context of Regional Security Architecture”5; • the acquisition and consolidation of factors and indicators for the assessment of the RA’s national security aspects by agencies; • the “Presentation by Mr. Serzh Sargsyan, Secretary of the President’s National Security Council, Minister of Defense of the Republic of Armenia for the Commanders of the RA Armed Forces”: “National Security Strategy Landmarks of the Republic of Armenia”6; • the trilingual (Armenian-Russian-English) explanatory dictionary of key defense security terms on the NSS of the RA7; • the review and defense of the results of the phased harmonization of the draft NSS elements in the Interagency Commission under the guidance of the Secretary of the President’s National Security Council, Minister of Defense Serzh Sargsyan carried out: in Moscow – at the enlarged session of the Chair of National Security of the Russian Academy of Public Administrationat the RF President (Professor, Major General A.A.Prokhozhev); in Washington – at the Academic Council (Academic Committee) of the US NDU National War College (Professor Dr. Theresa Sabonis-Helf); in Brussels – at the meeting of NATO Advisory Group on International Security (Major General of the British Armed Forces John Drevinkevich)8. At the time of Colonel General
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