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Community Health Assessment

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Community Health Assessment Community Health Assessment City of Long Beach Department of Health and Human Services JULY 2013 City of Long Beach Department of Health and Human Services Bureau Managers Susan Price, MSW, Interim Director & Community Health Bureau Manager Mitchell Kushner, MD, MPH, City Health Officer, Physician Services Bureau S. Michael Johnson, MPA, Support Services Bureau Manager Cheryl Barrit, MPIA, Preventive Health Bureau Manager Nelson Kerr, MPA, Environmental Health Bureau Manager Darnisa Tyler, MPA, Housing Authority Bureau Manager Table of Contents Dear Family, Friends, and Neighbors, Executive Summary ................................................................................................... 1 Long Beach Profile .................................................................................................. 1 Since 1906, the City of Long Beach Department of Health and Human Services (Health Department) has been at the forefront of protecting the health and quality of life of our Health Status ........................................................................................................... 4 community, preventing diseases, and promoting the health of children and families. Public Behavioral Health .................................................................................................... 8 health is the practice of preventing disease and promoting good health within groups of people, from small communities to entire countries. In other words, public health is about protecting and Social Determinants of Health .............................................................................. 10 preserving the health of all those who live, work, play, worship, and learn in Long Beach. Public health is important because it saves money and improves quality of life, helps children thrive, Environmental Health ............................................................................................ 11 and reduces human suffering. Public health is grounded in understanding the health status of the Health Care Access and Utilization ...................................................................... 12 community, partnerships and community engagement. Introduction ............................................................................................................... 14 I am pleased to share the 2013 Long Beach Community Health Assessment (CHA) with you. The CHA paints a point-in-time picture of the health status of Long Beach. It serves to highlight Long Beach Profile ................................................................................................ 16 social, economic, and health conditions that impact our community. As you read through the Age and Gender ............................................................................................... 16 CHA, I am compelled to ask you to join me and the Health Department in tackling the health and socioeconomic disparities that hinder our city’s full potential to be one of the safest and Race/Ethnicity ................................................................................................... 18 healthiest cities in America. Long Beach is a city of diverse neighborhoods. While many of our Languages ....................................................................................................... 22 neighborhoods enjoy good health status, there are many communities that are marked with poor health outcomes. English Learners ............................................................................................... 23 The historic full implementation of the Affordable Care Act in 2014 will provide access to English Proficiency ........................................................................................... 24 healthcare to millions of formerly uninsured Americans. However, public health remains critical ......................................................................................... 26 and relevant because of its primary aim of preventing diseases and protecting the health of the Chapter 1 - Health Status community. I hope that the data summarized in the CHA will serve to inspire individuals to Overview ............................................................................................................... 26 adopt a healthy lifestyle and neighborhoods to work together address the root causes of health disparities. Join me in the path to good health. General Health Status ........................................................................................... 26 Life Expectancy and Mortality .............................................................................. 28 Sincerely, Life Expectancy ................................................................................................ 28 Top Causes of Death .........................................................................................30 Morbidity .............................................................................................................. 32 Heart Disease ................................................................................................... 34 Mitchell Kushner, MD, MPH Cancer .............................................................................................................. 36 City Health Officer Diabetes ........................................................................................................... 38 Respiratory Disease ......................................................................................... 40 Infectious and Communicable Diseases .............................................................. 44 Vector-borne Diseases ..................................................................................... 49 i Sexually Transmitted Infections ........................................................................ 49 School Readiness and Educational Attainment .................................................. 102 Maternal, Child, Adolescent and Infant Health ..................................................... 56 Early Childhood .............................................................................................. 102 Infant Mortality .................................................................................................. 57 School-aged Population ................................................................................. 102 Preterm Birth ..................................................................................................... 58 Adult Educational Attainment ......................................................................... 104 Low and Very Low Birth Weight ........................................................................ 59 Affordable Housing ............................................................................................. 109 Breastfeeding ................................................................................................... 61 Cost of Housing .............................................................................................. 110 Disability ................................................................................................................ 62 Foreclosures ................................................................................................... 111 Disability and Race/Ethnicity ............................................................................ 62 Homelessness ..................................................................................................... 111 Disability and Gender ....................................................................................... 63 Access to Healthy Foods and Nutritional Environment ....................................... 113 Disability and Age ............................................................................................ 63 Distance from Food Retailers ......................................................................... 115 Disability and Poverty ....................................................................................... 64 Access to Fitness or Recreation ..................................................................... 116 Injury and Violence ............................................................................................... 65 Crime ................................................................................................................... 117 Mental Health ........................................................................................................ 69 Summary ............................................................................................................. 119 Summary ............................................................................................................... 72 Chapter 4 - Environmental Health ......................................................................... 120 Chapter 2 - Behavioral Health Assessment ........................................................... 76 Overview ............................................................................................................. 120 Substance Use and Abuse ................................................................................... 76 Air Quality ............................................................................................................ 120 Alcohol .............................................................................................................. 76 Green Space .................................................................................................
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