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(12) United States Patent (10) Patent No.: US 8,585,864 B2 Zhang Et Al

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(12) United States Patent (10) Patent No.: US 8,585,864 B2 Zhang Et Al US008585864B2 (12) United States Patent (10) Patent No.: US 8,585,864 B2 Zhang et al. (45) Date of Patent: Nov. 19, 2013 (54) FIRE AND SMOKE RETARDANT (56) References Cited COMPOSITE MATERALS U.S. PATENT DOCUMENTS (75) Inventors: Chuck Zhang, Tallahassee, FL (US); 6,036,857 A 3/2000 Chen et al. Zhiyong Liang, Tallahassee, FL (US); 7,105,596 B2 9/2006 Smalley et al. Ben Wang, Tallahassee, FL (US); Qiang 7,459,121 B2 * 12/2008 Liang et al. ................... 264,555 Wu, Tallahassee, FL (US) 7,641,829 B2 * 1/2010 Liang et al. ... ... 264,157 8,058.364 B2 * 1 1/2011 Wang et al. ... 525,524 (73) Assignee: Florida State University Research 8,317.978 B1 * 1 1/2012 Manning et al. .............. 162,152 2005. O1541 16 A1 7/2005 Nagy et al. Foundation, Inc., Tallahassee, FL (US) 2005/0239948 A1 10/2005 Haik et al. 2006, OO17191 A1 1/2006 Liang et al. (*) Notice: Subject to any disclaimer, the term of this 2006, O166003 A1 7/2006 Khabashesku et al. patent is extended or adjusted under 35 U.S.C. 154(b) by 0 days. (Continued) (21) Appl. No.: 13/089,013 FOREIGN PATENT DOCUMENTS WO WO 2007050460 A2 * 5, 2007 (22) Filed: Apr. 18, 2011 OTHER PUBLICATIONS (65) Prior Publication Data T. Kashiwagi, “Flame Retardant Mechanism of the Nanotubes-based US 2011/0253330 A1 Oct. 20, 2011 Nanocomposites. Final Report” 2007. NIST, pp. 1-65.* Related U.S. Application Data (Continued) (60) Provisional application No. 61/325,009, filed on Apr. Primary Examiner — Jose A Fortuna 16, 2010. (74) Attorney, Agent, or Firm — Sutherland Asbill & Brennan LLP (51) Int. Cl. D2 IIH 2/34 (2006.01) (57) ABSTRACT D2 IIH 27/38 (2006.01) Flame retardant composite materials are provided which B82B3/00 (2006.01) include at least one first paper which comprises carbon B32B 29/02 (2006.01) nanofibers and graphite oxide particles. The composite mate (52) U.S. Cl. rials may further include at least one second paper which USPC ........... 162/159; 162/125; 162/132; 162/152; comprises carbon nanofibers. The composites may further 162/1813; 428/367; 428/408; 428/537.5; include one or more structural material layers sandwiched 977/700; 977/742;977/842 between the first and second papers. Occupant structures are (58) Field of Classification Search also provided with fire and Smoke retardant Surfaces com USPC .............. 162/123-132, 141, 145, 146, 157.1, posed of carbon nanofibers/graphite oxide particles papers at 162/158, 152, 159, 1811-1813; 428/357, least partially surrounding occupants of the occupant struc 428/364, 367, 408,411.1, 537.5;977/700, tures. 977/712,742,842, 902 See application file for complete search history. 15 Claims, 6 Drawing Sheets 104. US 8,585,864 B2 Page 2 (56) References Cited Garg, et al., “Effect of chemical functionalization on the mechanical properties of carbon nanotubes.” Chemical Physics Letters, 295(4), U.S. PATENT DOCUMENTS pp. 273-278 (1998). Abstract. Gou, et al., “Experimental Design and Optimization of Dispersion 2006/02O7931 A1 9/2006 Liang et al. 2006/0293443 A1* 12/2006 Reinheimer et al. .......... 524,589 Process for Single-Walled Carbon Nanotube Bucky Paper.” Interna 2007/0176319 A1 8, 2007 Thostenson et al. tional Journal of Nanoscience, 3(3), pp. 293-307 (2004). 2008.OO57265 A1 3/2008 Liang et al. Gou, et al., “Development of Nanotube Bucky Paper/Epoxy 2008/027971.0 A1* 11/2008 Zhamu et al. ..................... 419.6 Nanocomposites.” Proceedings of the TEXCOMP-6 International 2008/02801 15 A1 1 1/2008 Liang et al. 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