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Studi Kasus: Pemandu Wisata, Tukang Masak Dan Kapten Kapal Di Taman Nasional Tanjung Puting Kabupaten Kotawaringin Barat)

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Studi Kasus: Pemandu Wisata, Tukang Masak Dan Kapten Kapal Di Taman Nasional Tanjung Puting Kabupaten Kotawaringin Barat) Magenta, Vol. 7, No. 2, Maret 2019, Hal. 101-110 DAMPAK EKONOMI BAGI MASYARAKAT YANG BEKERJA DI SEKTOR PARIWISATA DI TRANSPORTASI AIR (STUDI KASUS: PEMANDU WISATA, TUKANG MASAK DAN KAPTEN KAPAL DI TAMAN NASIONAL TANJUNG PUTING KABUPATEN KOTAWARINGIN BARAT) Nove Anggrayini, Brian L Djumaty, Kasmawati Prodi Ilmu Ekonomi Pembangunan, Fakultas Ekonomi, Universitas Antakusuma Jl. Iskandar No. 63 Telp/Fax. 0532 – 22287 Kode Pos 74112 Pangkalan Bun Abstract Tourism is one of the sectors that play a major role in the process of developing and developing global and national regions and regions. The tourism sector has a correlation and a large potential in supporting productive economic sectors and creative economy with the growth of micro, small and medium enterprises (UMKM) around the tourism area. The author determines the formulation of the problem as follows: What is the economic impact for people who work in the tourism sector users of water transportation in Tanjung Puting National Park. Location The research that will be carried out by researchers / authors is in Tanjung Puting National Park (TNTP) Kotawaringin Barat. Judging from the type of data the research approach used in this study is descriptive qualitative research. In carrying out the tour, usually in 1 (one) kelotok consists of tour guides, Cookers and Ship captains. The kelotok currently available is approximately 80 (eighty) on the trip, the tour is often carried out for 3 (three) days 2 (two) nights. In this study, a sample of the snowball method was withdrawn so that from 80 kelotok taken 25% (twenty five percent) obtained 20 kelotok, so that there were also 20 tour guides, 20 cooks and 20 boat captains. The conclusion that it is clear that the impact of the Economic Impact on People Working in the Tourism Sector in Water Transportation can improve the living standards of the people involved both as tour guides, cooks and ship captains. Keywords: Income, Economy, Tour Guide, Cookman, Ship Captain I. PENDAHULUAN kecil menengah (UMKM) di sekitar area Pariwisata merupakan salah satu pariwisata. sektor yang sangat berperan dalam proses Dari sudut pandang perekonomian pembangunan dan pengembangan nasional, sektor pariwisata di pandang wilayah global dan nasional serta daerah. sebagai penyangga sektor nonmigas, Sektor pariwisata memiliki korelasi dan dengan prioritas kegiatan yang diarahkan berbagai potensi yang besar dalam menjadi sektor andalan dalam mendukung sektor ekonomi produktif penerimaan devisa, mendorong maupun ekonomi kreatif dengan akan pembangunan dan pendapatan daerah tumbuh berkembangnya usaha mikro serta meningkatkan kesejahteraan rakyat 101 Nove Anggrayini dkk : Dampak Ekonomi Bagi.............. yaitu dalam memberikan kontribusi bekantan (Nasalis larvatus) sejak tahun terhadap pendapatan masyarakat sekitar 1937 oleh pemerintah kolonial Hindia objek wisata. Belanda. Menurut Cohendalam Pitana dan Kurangnya perhatian dalam hal Diarta 2009:185), dampak pariwisata pengelolaan kawasan oleh pemerintah terhadap kondisi sosial ekonomi Kabupaten Kotawaringin Barat sangat masyarakat lokal dapat dikategorikan dipahami, karena Kawasan tersebut menjadi delapan kelompok besar, yaitu termasuk cagar alam yang (1) dampak terhadap penerimaan devisa, kewenangannya di Pemerintah Pusat (2) dampak terhadap pendapatan melalui Kementerian Kehutanan.Tetapi masyarakat, (3) dampak terhadap pemerintah kabupaten Kotawaringin kesempatan kerja, (4) dampak terhadap Barat dapat mengoptimalkan sektor harga-harga, (5) dampak terhadap tersebut dengan pembangunan distribusi manfaat/keuntungan, (6) Infrastruktur guna menunjang wisatawan dampak terhadap kepemilikan dan maupun pengunjung ke Taman Nasional kontrol, (7) dampak terhadap Tanjung Puting baik itu jalan, perhotelan, pembangunan pada umumnya dan (8) maupun transportasi udara menuju ke dampak terhadap pembangunan Kotawaringin Barat. Akibat promosi pemerintah. yang dilakukan oleh pemerintah Perputaran uang di Kabupaten Kabupaten maupun agen pariwisata maka Kotawaringin Barat adalah Kabupaten jumlah kunjungan ke Taman Nasional yang terletak di bagian Barat Provinsi Tanjung Puting tersebut baik wisatawan Kalimantan Tengah.Kompas.com media asing maupun domestik dapat online mengatakan perputaran uang di menghidupkan perekonomian masyarakat sepanjang tahun 2017 mencapai angka sekitanya terutama dari penyewaan Rp 6.040.157.500 transportasi air (klotok), pemandu wisata Karena letaknya yang berbatasan ( guide ), juru masak, pengemudi kapal ( langsung dengan Laut Jawa.kabupaten ini kapten ), kios penyediaan Bahan Bakar memiliki garis pantai kurang lebih 178 Minyak, rumah makan, dan usaha kecil km sehingga memiliki banyak pantai lainnya. yang dapat dimanfaatkan sebagai Objek Letak lokasi yang jauh dan hanya dan Daya Tarik Wisata. Terlepas dari itu bisa dilakukan dengan transportasi air di semenanjung Barat Daya terdapat (klotok) dan memakan waktu yang lama Taman Nasional Tanjung Puting (Taman maka kawasan Taman Nasional Tanjung Nasional Tanjung Puting) yang secara Puting dahulunya hanya dikunjungi oleh administrasi pemerintahan, terletak di para peneliti dalam melakukan observasi, Kecamatan Kumai Kabupaten tetapi dalam 5 tahun terakhir obyek Kotawaringin Barat (± 253.860 ha / wisata ini sudah menjadi pilihan menjadi 61,17%). kawasan wisata yang menyajikan Taman Nasional Tanjung Puting keaslian flora dan fauna pulau (TNTP) merupakan kawasan konservasi Kalimantan. Hal ini tentunya mendorong bagi perlindungan Orangutan beserta masyarakat yang berada di sekitar objek ekosistem pendukungmya, kawasan ini wisata untuk terkait dalam kegiatan dijadikan salah satu Suaka alam yang tersebut. Kecamatan Kumai merupakan ditujukan terutama untuk perlindungan daerah pesisir Pantai, yang sebagian besar orangutan (Pongo pygmaeus) dan penduduknya bermata pencaharian 102 Magenta, Vol. 7, No. 2, Maret 2019, Hal. 101-110 sebagai nelayan dan pedagang, namun di sektor pariwisata pengguna setelah banyaknya jumlah wisatawan transportasi air di Taman Nasional yang akan berkunjung ke Taman Tanjung Puting. Saat ini Peran sektor Nasional Tanjung Puting melalui pariwisata di kotawaringin barat pelabuhan di daerah Kumai yang merupakan hal yang sangat penting akhirnya memberikan dampak khususnya bagi masyarakat untuk keberlanjutan dalam bidang ekonomi berupa kehidupan. Berdasarkan data yang kesempatan usaha dan kesempatan kerja dikeluarkan oleh Taman Nasional yang tentunya kini perlahan dapat Tanjung Puting menunjukan bahwa mengangkat perekonomian masyarakat di dalam kurung waktu lima tahun daerah tersebut. terakhir wisatawan mancanegara dan Penelitian ini akan menyajikan wisatawan yang berkunjung ke Taman bagaimana dampak pariwisata di Taman Nasional Tanjung Puting Meningkat. Nasional Tanjung Puting terhadap Dengan adanya peningkatan perekonomian masyarakat yang bekerja pengunjung diharapkan dapat di transportasi air. Alasan penulis meningkatkan ekonomi masyarakat mengambil topik ini karena setiap yang bekerja di sektor pariwisata tahunnya jumlah klotok di Taman khususnyapengguna transportasi air di Nasional Tanjung Puting merekrut Taman Nasional Tanjung Puting. pekerja di sektor transportasi air Gambar 1. Kerangka Penelitian meningkat seperti pemandu wisata, tukang masak dan kapten kapal. Perumusan Masalah Dari paparan latar belakang di atas, maka penulis menentukan rumusan masalah sebagai berikut :Bagaimana dampak ekonomi bagi masyarakat yang bekerja di sektor pariwisata pengguna transportasi air di Taman Nasional Tanjung Puting. Tujuan Penelitian Berdasarkan rumusan masalah diatas maka tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mendeskripsikan dan menganalisis dampak ekonomi bagi masyarakat yang bekerja di sektor pariwisata pengguna transportasi air di Taman Nasional Tanjung Putting Kerangka Penelitian Kerangka Pemikiran II. LANDASAN TEORI Dari uraian diatas untuk Taman Nasional mempermudah pemahaman maka Taman nasional adalah kawasan disajikan gambaran kerangka pelestarian alam yang mempunyai pemikiran dari penelitian dampak ekosistem asli, dikelola dengan sistem ekonomi bagi masyarakat yang bekerja zonasi yang dimanfaatkan untuk tujuan 103 Nove Anggrayini dkk : Dampak Ekonomi Bagi.............. penelitian, ilmu pengetahuan, pendidikan, pariwisata yang terdiri dari menunjang budidaya, pariwisata, dan akomodasi, rumah makan, rekreasi. bar, angkutan wisata. Taman nasional menurut pasal 1 Undang-Undang No. 5 Tahun 1990 III. METODE tentang Konservasi Sumber Daya Alam Lokasi Penelitian Hayati dan Ekosistemnya, pada ayat 14, Lokasi Penelitian yang akan diartikan sebagai kawasan pelestarian dilakukan oleh peneliti/penulis adalah di alam yang mempunyai ekosistem asli, Taman Nasional Tanjung Puting (TNTP) dikelola dengan sistem zonasi yang Kotawaringin Barat. dimanfaatkan untuk tujuan penelitian, Jenis Penelitian ilmu pengetahuan, pendidikan, Ditinjau dari jenis datanya menunjang budidaya, pariwisata dan pendekatan penelitian yang digunakan rekreasi (Pristiyanto, 2005). dalam penelitian ini adalah penelitian a. Pariwisata kualitatif deskriptif. Menurut Yusuf Undang-undang Nomor 10 (2014:43) “pendekatan kualitatif dapat di tahun 2009, menyebutkan gunakan apabila ingin melihat dan pariwisata adalah segala sesuatu mengungkapkan suatu keadaan maupun yang berhubungan dengan wisata, suatu objek dalam konteksnya; termasuk pengusahaan objek dan menemukan makna( meaning ) atau daya tarik wisata serta usaha- pemahamanan yang mendalam tentang usaha yang berhubungan dengan suatu masalah yang dihadapi, yang penyelenggaraan pariwisata, bentuk dalam data kualitatif, baik berupa dengan demikian pariwisata
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