How Unapproachable Is a Pharaoh ?
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In Ancient Egypt
THE ROLE OF THE CHANTRESS ($MW IN ANCIENT EGYPT SUZANNE LYNN ONSTINE A thesis submined in confonnity with the requirements for the degm of Ph.D. Graduate Department of Near and Middle Eastern Civiliations University of Toronto %) Copyright by Suzanne Lynn Onstine (200 1) . ~bsPdhorbasgmadr~ exclusive liceacc aiiowhg the ' Nationai hiof hada to reproduce, loan, distnia sdl copies of this thesis in miaof#m, pspa or elccmnic f-. L'atm criucrve la propri&C du droit d'autear qui protcge cette thtse. Ni la thèse Y des extraits substrrntiets deceMne&iveatetreimprimCs ouraitnmcrtrepoduitssanssoai aut&ntiom The Role of the Chmaes (fm~in Ancient Emt A doctorai dissertacion by Suzanne Lynn On*, submitted to the Department of Near and Middle Eastern Civilizations, University of Toronto, 200 1. The specitic nanire of the tiUe Wytor "cimûes", which occurrPd fcom the Middle Kingdom onwatd is imsiigated thrwgh the use of a dalabase cataloging 861 woinen whheld the title. Sorting the &ta based on a variety of delails has yielded pattern regatding their cbnological and demographical distribution. The changes in rhe social status and numbers of wbmen wbo bore the Weindicale that the Egyptians perceivecl the role and ams of the titk âiffefcntiy thugh tirne. Infomiation an the tities of ihe chantressw' family memkrs bas ailowed the author to make iderences cawming llse social status of the mmen who heu the title "chanms". MiMid Kingdom tifle-holders wverc of modest backgrounds and were quite rare. Eighteenth DMasty women were of the highest ranking families. The number of wamen who held the titk was also comparatively smaii, Nimeenth Dynasty women came [rom more modesi backgrounds and were more nwnennis. -
Ancient Egyptian Royal Circumcision from the Pyramid Complex of Djedkare
Ancient Egyptian Royal Circumcision from the Pyramid Complex of Djedkare • XLIX/2 • pp. 155–164 • 2011 mohAmED mEGAhED, hAnA VYmAZALoVÁ ANCIENT EGYPTIAN ROYAL CIRCUMCISION FROM THE PYRAMID COMPLEX OF DJEDKARE ABSTRACT: Male circumcision in ancient Egypt is well documented in representative scenes in tombs, as well as in physical remains of Egyptian people from various periods. Scenes showing the operation of circumcision are however very rare and only a few examples have been preserved from the millennia of Egyptian history. This paper presents another example of such a scene, which was found on a relief fragment discovered in the pyramid complex of the Fifth Dynasty king Djedkare. At the moment, it is the oldest preserved depiction of this operation known so far, and it probably played a ritual function within the king's pyramid complex decoration program. KEY WORDS: Ancient Egypt – Djedkare – Relief – Circumcision INTRODUCTION numerous fragments of reliefs have been found in the late Fifth Dynasty pyramid complex of Djedkare in As well as the other old Kingdom pyramid complexes, South Saqqara (Figure 1) by the Egyptian archaeological Djedkare's pyramid complex was badly damaged over missions between the 1940s and 1980s, when limited and time, and as a result of the reuse of its building materials unsystematic excavations were carried out in the funerary throughout succeeding generations. modern excavation temple under the direction of Abdel Salam mohamed of the monuments have however begun to reveal the hussain, Ahmed Fakhry, and mahmoud Abdel Razek. architectural plan of the sites and have brought to light Results of this work were never fully published and the fragments of decoration programs of the individual fragments of relief decoration have not been available complexes; these provide us with partial information about for the scientific public (see Fakhry 1959: 10, 30, Leclant the kings and their reigns. -
Tutankhamun's Dentition: the Pharaoh and His Teeth
Brazilian Dental Journal (2015) 26(6): 701-704 ISSN 0103-6440 http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0103-6440201300431 1Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Tutankhamun’s Dentition: Surgery, University Hospital of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany The Pharaoh and his Teeth 2Institute of Egyptology/Egyptian Museum Georg Steindorff, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany 3Department of Orthodontics, University Hospital of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany Niels Christian Pausch1, Franziska Naether2, Karl Friedrich Krey3 Correspondence: Dr. Niels Christian Pausch, Liebigstraße 12, 04103 Leipzig, Germany. Tel: +49- 341-97-21160. e-mail: niels. [email protected] Tutankhamun was a Pharaoh of the 18th Dynasty (New Kingdom) in ancient Egypt. Medical and radiological investigations of his skull revealed details about the jaw and teeth status of the mummy. Regarding the jaw relation, a maxillary prognathism, a mandibular retrognathism and micrognathism have been discussed previously. A cephalometric analysis was performed using a lateral skull X-ray and a review of the literature regarding Key Words: Tutankhamun’s King Tutankhamun´s mummy. The results imply diagnosis of mandibular retrognathism. dentition, cephalometric analysis, Furthermore, third molar retention and an incomplete, single cleft palate are present. mandibular retrognathism Introduction also been discussed (11). In 1922, the British Egyptologist Howard Carter found the undisturbed mummy of King Tutankhamun. The Case Report spectacular discovery enabled scientists of the following In the evaluation of Tutankhamun’s dentition and jaw decades to analyze the Pharaoh's remains. The mummy alignment, contemporary face reconstructions and coeval underwent multiple autopsies. Until now, little was artistic images can be of further use. However, the ancient published about the jaw and dentition of the King. -
Key Vocabulary Pyramids Giza Pharaoh Cleopatra Tutankhamun
Science key area of learning: Key Vocabulary Ancient Egyptians: the Identify that humans and some other animals have Key areas of maths learning: skeletons and muscles for support, protection and We will start by looking at Pyramids structures left by mankind movement. timesing 2 digits by 1 digit. How do buildings affect our Understand the importance of maintaining our teeth and We will them move on to look at Giza values and beliefs? look at what will happen if oral hygiene isn’t maintained. money- specifically converting pounds and pence, and adding and Pharaoh subtracting amounts of money. Science working scientifically skill development: Cleopatra Year group 3 We will use straight forward Tutankhamun Our Enquiry for the year is: How does humankind leave its mark upon scientific evidence to answer Unit links to maths learning: the world? key questions and support our Canopic Jars opinions. We will use our multiplication Our Enquiry for this unit is: How do buildings affect our values and We will make systematic and knowledge to build our own Mummification beliefs? careful observations and, where pyramids with different sized bases. appropriate take accurate Sphynx measurements Key areas of English learning: Our Story Afterlife Science knowledge and We will continue to revise some People: the general public understanding: Key elements of writing such as Place: present day - Apostrophes to show worship Problem: An investigation: Why did the Ancient Egyptians possession What makes a balanced diet? build the pyramids? How did their beliefs -
Egyptian Hieroglyphs CEEG 0909 a Workbook for an Introduction to Egyptian Hieroglyphs
An Introduction to Egyptian Hieroglyphs CEEG 0909 A Workbook for An Introduction to Egyptian Hieroglyphs C. Casey Wilbour Hall 301 christian [email protected] April 9, 2018 Contents Syllabus 2 Day 1 11 1-I-1 Rosetta Stone ................................................. 11 1-I-2 Calligraphy Practice 1 { Uniliterals ..................................... 13 1-I-4 Meet Your Classmates ............................................ 16 1-I-5 The Begatitudes ............................................... 17 1-I-6 Vocabulary { Uniliterals & Classifiers ................................... 19 Day 2 25 2-I-1 Timeline of Egyptian Languages ...................................... 25 2-I-2 Calligraphy Practice 2 { Biliterals ..................................... 27 2-I-3 Biliteral Chart ................................................ 32 2-I-4 Vocabulary { Biliterals & Classifiers .................................... 33 2-II-3 Vocabulary { Household Objects ...................................... 37 Day 3 39 3-I-1 Calligraphy Practice 3 { Multiliterals & Common Classifiers ....................... 39 3-I-2 Vocabulary { Multiliterals & Classifiers .................................. 43 3-I-3 Vocabulary { Suffix Pronouns, Parts of the Body ............................. 45 3-I-4 Parts of the Body .............................................. 47 3-II-3 Homework { Suffix Pronouns & Parts of the Body ............................ 48 Day 4 49 4-I-1 Vocabulary { Articles, Independent Pronouns, Family, Deities ...................... 49 4-I-4 Gods and Goddesses ............................................ -
G:\Lists Periodicals\Periodical Lists B\BIFAO.Wpd
Bulletin de l’Institut Français d’Archéologie Orientale Past and present members of the staff of the Topographical Bibliography of Ancient Egyptian Hieroglyphic Texts, Statues, Stelae, Reliefs and Paintings, especially R. L. B. Moss and E. W. Burney, have taken part in the analysis of this periodical and the preparation of this list at the Griffith Institute, University of Oxford This pdf version (situation on 14 July 2010): Jaromir Malek (Editor), Diana Magee, Elizabeth Fleming and Alison Hobby (Assistants to the Editor) Clédat in BIFAO i (1901), 21-3 fig. 1 Meir. B.2. Ukh-hotep. iv.250(8)-(9) Top register, Beja herdsman. Clédat in BIFAO i (1901), 21-3 fig. 2 Meir. B.2. Ukh-hotep. iv.250(4)-(5) Lower part, Beja herdsman. Clédat in BIFAO i (1901), 21-3 fig. 3 Meir. B.2. Ukh-hotep. iv.250(8)-(9) III, Beja holding on to boat. Salmon in BIFAO i (1901), pl. opp. 72 El-Faiyûm. iv.96 Plan. Clédat in BIFAO i (1901), 88-9 Meir. Miscellaneous. Statues. iv.257 Fragment of statue of Ukh-hotep. Clédat in BIFAO i (1901), 89 [4] El-Qûs.îya. (Cusae) iv.258A Block of Djehutardais, probably Dyn. XXX. Clédat in BIFAO i (1901), 90 [top] Text El-Qûs.îya. Topographical Bibliography of Ancient Egyptian Hieroglyphic Texts, Statues, Stelae, Reliefs and Paintings Griffith Institute, Sackler Library, 1 St John Street, Oxford OX1 2LG, United Kingdom [email protected] 2 iv.258 Fragment of lintel. Clédat in BIFAO i (1901), 92-3 Cartouches and texts Gebel Abû Fôda. -
Was the Function of the Earliest Writing in Egypt Utilitarian Or Ceremonial? Does the Surviving Evidence Reflect the Reality?”
“Was the function of the earliest writing in Egypt utilitarian or ceremonial? Does the surviving evidence reflect the reality?” Article written by Marsia Sfakianou Chronology of Predynastic period, Thinite period and Old Kingdom..........................2 How writing began.........................................................................................................4 Scopes of early Egyptian writing...................................................................................6 Ceremonial or utilitarian? ..............................................................................................7 The surviving evidence of early Egyptian writing.........................................................9 Bibliography/ references..............................................................................................23 Links ............................................................................................................................23 Album of web illustrations...........................................................................................24 1 Map of Egypt. Late Predynastic Period-Early Dynastic (Grimal, 1994) Chronology of Predynastic period, Thinite period and Old Kingdom (from the appendix of Grimal’s book, 1994, p 389) 4500-3150 BC Predynastic period. 4500-4000 BC Badarian period 4000-3500 BC Naqada I (Amratian) 3500-3300 BC Naqada II (Gerzean A) 3300-3150 BC Naqada III (Gerzean B) 3150-2700 BC Thinite period 3150-2925 BC Dynasty 1 3150-2925 BC Narmer, Menes 3125-3100 BC Aha 3100-3055 BC -
ROYAL STATUES Including Sphinxes
ROYAL STATUES Including sphinxes EARLY DYNASTIC PERIOD Dynasties I-II Including later commemorative statues Ninutjer 800-150-900 Statuette of Ninuter seated wearing heb-sed cloak, calcite(?), formerly in G. Michaelidis colln., then in J. L. Boele van Hensbroek colln. in 1962. Simpson, W. K. in JEA 42 (1956), 45-9 figs. 1, 2 pl. iv. Send 800-160-900 Statuette of Send kneeling with vases, bronze, probably made during Dyn. XXVI, formerly in G. Posno colln. and in Paris, Hôtel Drouot, in 1883, now in Berlin, Ägyptisches Museum, 8433. Abubakr, Abd el Monem J. Untersuchungen über die ägyptischen Kronen (1937), 27 Taf. 7; Roeder, Äg. Bronzefiguren 292 [355, e] Abb. 373 Taf. 44 [f]; Wildung, Die Rolle ägyptischer Könige im Bewußtsein ihrer Nachwelt i, 51 [Dok. xiii. 60] Abb. iv [1]. Name, Gauthier, Livre des Rois i, 22 [vi]. See Antiquités égyptiennes ... Collection de M. Gustave Posno (1874), No. 53; Hôtel Drouot Sale Cat. May 22-6, 1883, No. 53; Stern in Zeitschrift für die gebildete Welt 3 (1883), 287; Ausf. Verz. 303; von Bissing in 2 Mitteilungen des Kaiserlich Deutschen Archäologischen Instituts, Athenische Abteilung xxxviii (1913), 259 n. 2 (suggests from Memphis). Not identified by texts 800-195-000 Head of royal statue, perhaps early Dyn. I, in London, Petrie Museum, 15989. Petrie in Journal of the Anthropological Institute of Great Britain and Ireland xxxvi (1906), 200 pl. xix; id. Arts and Crafts 31 figs. 19, 20; id. The Revolutions of Civilisation 15 fig. 7; id. in Anc. Eg. (1915), 168 view 4; id. in Hammerton, J. A. -
Specular Reflection from the Great Pyramid at Giza
Specular Reflection from the Great Pyramid at Giza Donald E. Jennings Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Maryland, USA (retired) email: [email protected] Posted to arXiv: physics.hist-ph April 6, 2021 Abstract The pyramids of ancient Egypt are said to have shone brilliantly in the sun. Surfaces of polished limestone would not only have reflected diffusely in all directions, but would also likely have produced specular reflections in particular directions. Reflections toward points on the horizon would have been visible from large distances. On a particular day and time when the sun was properly situated, an observer stationed at a distant site would have seen a momentary flash as the sun’s reflection moved across the face of the pyramid. The positions of the sun that are reflected to the horizon are confined to narrow arcs in the sky, one arc for each side of the pyramid. We model specular reflections from the pyramid of Khufu and derive the annual dates and times when they would have been visible at important ancient sites. Certain of these events might have coincided with significant dates on the Egyptian calendar, as well as with solar equinoxes, solstices and cross-quarter days. The celebration of Wepet-Renpet, which at the time of the pyramid’s construction occurred near the spring cross-quarter day, would have been marked by a specular sweep of sites on the southern horizon. On the autumn and winter cross-quarter days reflections would have been directed to Heliopolis. We suggest that on those days the pyramidion of Khafre might have been visible in specular reflection over the truncated top of Khufu’s pyramid. -
Egyptian Mythological Manuals
Egyptian Mythological Manuals Mythological structures and interpretative techniques in the Tebtunis Mythological manual, the manual of the Delta and related texts Jørgensen, Jens Kristoffer Blach Publication date: 2014 Document version Early version, also known as pre-print Citation for published version (APA): Jørgensen, J. K. B. (2014). Egyptian Mythological Manuals: Mythological structures and interpretative techniques in the Tebtunis Mythological manual, the manual of the Delta and related texts. Det Humanistiske Fakultet, Københavns Universitet. Download date: 27. sep.. 2021 Egyptian Mythological Manuals Mythological structures and interpretative techniques in the Tebtunis Mythological manual, the Manual of the Delta and related texts Jens Blach Jørgensen December 2013 Abstract This thesis consists of an analysis of two ancient Egyptian mythological manual; the Tebtunis Mythological Manual and the Mythological Manual of the Delta. The analysis is focused on the different modes of structuring and interpreting mythology found in the manuals. The first chapter is a critical overview of the different Egyptological theories on Egyptian mythology, with special emphasis on aetiological myth and etymology. Structuralist theories are drawn upon to formulate two approaches to the mythological material found in the manual and utilized by the Egyptians themselves, viz. the paradigmatic and the syntagmatic. The manuals are found to use model mythological narratives or key myths built upon the myths of the Heliopolitan Ennead to structure the wealth of local mythological traditions. This creates a redundant structure in which the mythology of the individual district becomes an echo or actualization of basic mythic patterns. The Delta manual demonstrates the heuristic nature of this system by adding an extra deity to the Ennead in the form of the female Horus. -
UCLA Encyclopedia of Egyptology
UCLA UCLA Encyclopedia of Egyptology Title Shrine Permalink https://escholarship.org/uc/item/5t48n007 Journal UCLA Encyclopedia of Egyptology, 1(1) Author Spencer, Neal Publication Date 2010-09-25 Peer reviewed eScholarship.org Powered by the California Digital Library University of California SHRINE الناووس Neal Spencer EDITORS WILLEKE WENDRICH Editor-in-Chief Area Editor Material Culture University of California, Los Angeles JACCO DIELEMAN Editor University of California, Los Angeles ELIZABETH FROOD Editor University of Oxford JOHN BAINES Senior Editorial Consultant University of Oxford Short Citation: Spencer, 2010, Shrine. UEE. Full Citation: Spencer, Neal, 2010, Shrine. In Willeke Wendrich (ed.), UCLA Encyclopedia of Egyptology, Los Angeles. http://digital2.library.ucla.edu/viewItem.do?ark=21198/zz0025k5gf 1144 Version 1, September 2010 http://digital2.library.ucla.edu/viewItem.do?ark=21198/zz0025k5gf SHRINE الناووس Neal Spencer Schrein Portatif, naos Shrines, defined here as the architectural element immediately surrounding a sacred image, usually of a god, are attested throughout Pharaonic history, but with regional and chronological variations very evident. The architectural form of Egyptian shrines was developed from that of archaic “tent- shrines” made of timber and matting, but later examples represent a distillation of formal temple architecture. Eventually, classic shrine-forms were deployed in non-temple contexts. يُ َع ًّرف الناووس ھنا كعنصر معماري يحيط بتصوير غالباً ما يكون ﻹله، ويظھر الناووس عبر التاريخ الفرعوني مع وجود إختﻻفات زمانية ومكانية واضحة. تطور شكل الناووس المصري من شكل الناووس العتيق المسمى بالـ"الناووس الخيمة" المصنوع من الخشب والحصير، ولكن نماذج الناووس الﻻحقة تجسد جوھر العمارة الرسمية للمعابد. أخيراً تطور الشكل التقليدي للناووس بسياقات غير سياقات المعبد. -
The Routledge Dictionary of Egyptian Gods and Goddesses
The Routledge Dictionary of Egyptian Gods and Goddesses The Routledge Dictionary of Egyptian Gods and Goddesses provides one of the most comprehensive listings and descriptions of Egyptian deities. Now in its second edition, it contains: ● A new introduction ● Updated entries and four new entries on deities ● Names of the deities as hieroglyphs ● A survey of gods and goddesses as they appear in Classical literature ● An expanded chronology and updated bibliography ● Illustrations of the gods and emblems of each district ● A map of ancient Egypt and a Time Chart. Presenting a vivid picture of the complexity and richness of imagery of Egyptian mythology, students studying Ancient Egypt, travellers, visitors to museums and all those interested in mythology will find this an invaluable resource. George Hart was staff lecturer and educator on the Ancient Egyptian collections in the Education Department of the British Museum. He is now a freelance lecturer and writer. You may also be interested in the following Routledge Student Reference titles: Archaeology: The Key Concepts Edited by Colin Renfrew and Paul Bahn Ancient History: Key Themes and Approaches Neville Morley Fifty Key Classical Authors Alison Sharrock and Rhiannon Ash Who’s Who in Classical Mythology Michael Grant and John Hazel Who’s Who in Non-Classical Mythology Egerton Sykes, revised by Allen Kendall Who’s Who in the Greek World John Hazel Who’s Who in the Roman World John Hazel The Routledge Dictionary of Egyptian Gods and Goddesses George Hart Second edition First published 2005 by Routledge 2 Park Square, Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon OX14 4RN Simultaneously published in the USA and Canada by Routledge 270 Madison Ave, New York, NY 10016 Routledge is an imprint of the Taylor & Francis Group This edition published in the Taylor & Francis e-Library, 2005.