3. La Révolution En Chansons La Marseillaise

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3. La Révolution En Chansons La Marseillaise 3. La Révolution en chansons La Marseillaise Elle naît le 25 avril 1792. La Patrie est alors en danger : les souverains d’Europe sont inquiets du sort fait à Louis XVI, les émigrés s’agitent, la France déclare la guerre au roi de Bohême et de Hongrie (l’empereur d’Autriche) le 20 avril et lève des troupes. Claude Joseph Rouget de L’Isle ou de Lisle, officier né à Lons-le-Saunier, est cantonné à Strasbourg. Porté par son enthousiasme patriotique, il compose plusieurs chants, dont le fameux « chant de guerre pour l’armée du Rhin ». Ce chant est repris par des fédérés marseillais, qui le propagent tout au long de leur marche vers Paris. Il devient ainsi la Marche des Marseillois, puis La Marseillaise… Adopté comme hymne national du 14 juillet 1795 jusqu’à l’Empire, puis définitivement en 1879 sous la IIIe République. L’hymne le plus entraînant !!! C’est ce qu’affirment deux musicologues : Alisun Russel-Pawley (université d’York) et Daniel Le palmarès des hymnes les plus Müllensiefen (université Goldsmith à Londres). entraînants et faciles à chanter (Daily Mail, 25 janvier 2012). 1. France, La Marseillaise Les deux chercheurs ont défini une trentaine de 2. Australie, Advance Australia Fair critères : longueur des phrases, mots employés, 3. Allemagne, Das Deutschlandlied amplitude vocale, fioritures (trilles…). 4. Canada, O Canada 5. Etats-Unis, The Star-Spangeld Banner 6. Royaume-Uni, God save the Queen Pour le Dr Müllensiefen, « la Marseillaise est un chant parfaitement composé, avec différentes Chansons nationales parties qui s’entraînent l’une l’autre jusqu’à 7. Pays de Galles, Hen Wlad Fy Nhadau l’apothéose. Il y a des répétitions utilisant 8. Ecosse, Flower of Scotland différentes variations avec simplement un équilibre parfait entre la mélodie et l’absence de fioritures. » Ton, rythme et qualité phonétique des paroles (et non leur contenu), voilà ce qui compte… Ah, ça ira, ça ira, ça ira… La Carmagnole Le refrain de la Carmagnole invite à accrocher les aristocrates Dansons la Carmagnole, vive le son, vive le son à la lanterne… Dansons la Carmagnole, vive le son du canon Les lanternes à huile Cette chanson anonyme fut créée en 1792, au moment de la permettaient l’éclairage nocturne chute de la monarchie, et fut particulièrement populaire dans des rues. Une vocation détournée tout le pays. dès les débuts de la Révolution. Le nom vient d’une localité italienne, Carmagnola. Celle-ci avait Les lanternes sont en effet donné son nom à un vêtement, une veste ou gilet sans manches, utilisées également comme porté par les travailleurs en même temps que le pantalon (donc instrument de la justice sans-culottes, la culotte étant réservée aux gens bien nés…). populaire. On y pend les ennemis présumés du peuple. Le chant du départ La victoire en chantant Nous ouvre la barrièèère La Liberté gui-i-de nos pas… Et du Nord au Midi La trompette guerrièèère A sonné l’heu-re des combats… Ce chant révolutionnaire fut composé en 1794 par Marie-Joseph Chénier (paroles) et Etienne Nicolas Méhul (musique). Il fut joué pour la première fois à Fleurus pour fêter la victoire de Le chant du départ fut l’hymne la France contre les troupes ennemies. national de notre pays : en 1804, Son titre original est Hymne à la Liberté. Il a été modifié par Napoléon le choisit pour Robespierre qui trouvait ce chant tout simplement « grandiose ». remplacer la Marseillaise. Pendant la Première Guerre mondiale, il fut utilisé pour galvaniser les soldats appelés au front. .
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