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Atlas of the Gobies (Gobiidae) in Bulgaria Атлас На

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Atlas of the Gobies (Gobiidae) in Bulgaria Атлас На Assoc. Prof., Dr. Milen Vassilev Милен Василев, Апостолос Апостолу, Борис Milen Vassilev, Apostolos Apostolou, [email protected] Велков, Добрин Добрев, Велислав Зарев Boris Velkov, Dobrin Dobrev, Velislav Zarev АТЛАС НА ПОПЧЕТАТА ATLAS OF THE GOBIES (GOBIIDAE) В БЪЛГАРИЯ (GOBIIDAE) IN BULGARIA Chief Assist., Dr. Apostolos Apostolou [email protected] Assistant Boris Velkov [email protected] ATLAS OF THE GOBIES (GOBIIDAE) IN BULGARIA OF ATLAS • Chief Assist., Dr. Dobrin Dobrev [email protected] Postgraduate Velislav Zarev [email protected] Институт по биоразнообразие и екосистемни Institute of Biodiversity and Ecosystem Research, ISBN 978-954-9746-29-7 (GOBIIDAE) В БЪЛГАРИЯ НА ПОПЧЕТАТА АТЛАС изследвания, Българска академия на науките Bulgarian Academy of Sciences Милен Василев, Апостолос Milen Vassilev, Apostolos Apostolou, Апостолу, Борис Велков, Добрин Boris Velkov, Dobrin Dobrev, Добрев, Велислав Зарев Velislav Zarev АТЛАС НА ПОПЧЕТАТА ATLAS OF THE GOBIES (GOBIIDAE) В БЪЛГАРИЯ (GOBIIDAE) IN BULGARIA Издаването на тази книга е финансирано The publishing of this book was financed by от Фонд Научни Изследвания, МОМН по MEYS-Bulgarian Science Fund, проект ДО 02-0201/2008 project DO 02-201/2008 Институт по биоразнообразие и Institute of Biodiversity and екосистемни изследвания, Българска Ecosystem Research, Bulgarian академия на науките Academy of Sciences София Sofia 2012 Авторите са служители на The authors are employed at the Института по биоразнообразие и Institute for Biodiversity and екосистемни изследвания към БАН. Ecosystem Research, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences. Фотографии: Повечето от използваните снимки Photos: са направени от Б. Велков. В Most of the used photos are made by останалите случаи автора е Boris Velkov, otherwise their author is упоменат. noted. Карти: Maps: Картите на разпространение на Distribution Maps were prepared by видовете са направени от Д. Добрев. Dobrin Dobrev. © Milen Vassilev, Apostolos Apostolou, Boris Velkov, Dobrin Dobrev, Velislav Zarev, 2012 © Institute of Biodiversity and Ecosystem Research, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 2012 Cover photo: Gobius paganellus by B. Velkov Design and desktop publishing: D. Dobrev ISBN 978-954-9746-29-7 СъДържАНИе CONTENTS Увод ..........................................................3 Introduction ...............................................3 Попчетата (Gobiidae) в България ...........5 Bulgarian Gobies (Gobiidae) ....................5 Описание на видовете ...........................10 Species description ..................................10 Пояснения към описанието ................10 Text structure and some tips ...................10 Определител на видовете .....................14 Species identification key .......................14 Видове ....................................................16 Species ....................................................16 Aphia minuta - Стъкленка ......................16 Aphia minuta - Тransparent goby ...........16 Benthophiloides brauneri - Шабленско Benthophiloides brauneri - Beardless (пъстро) попче .......................................19 tadpole goby ............................................19 Benthophilus stellatus - Звездовидо (пъп- Benthophilus stellatus - Stellate tadpole често) попче ...........................................22 goby.........................................................22 Chromogobius quadrivittatus - Chromogobius quadrivittatus - Chestnut Мраморноглаво попче ..........................25 goby.........................................................25 Gobius bucchichi - Ивичесто попче ......28 Gobius bucchichi - Bucchichi’s goby .....28 Gobius cobitis - Кадънка ........................31 Gobius cobitis - Giant goby ....................31 Gobius niger - Черно попче ...................34 Gobius niger - Black goby ......................34 Gobius ophiocephalus - Тревно (змиегла- Gobius ophiocephalus - Grass goby .......37 во) попче ................................................37 Gobius paganellus - Rock goby ..............41 Gobius paganellus - Скално попче........41 Knipowitschia caucasica - Caucasian Knipowitschia caucasica - Кавказко dwarf goby ..............................................44 попче ......................................................44 Knipowitschia longecaudata - Longtail Knipowitschia longecaudata - dwarf goby ..............................................48 Дългоопашато попче .............................48 Mesogobius batrachocephalus - Knout Mesogobius batrachocephalus - Лихнус .. goby.........................................................52 .................................................................52 Neogobius cephalargoides - Pinchuk’s Neogobius cephalargoides - Голямоглаво goby.........................................................55 попче ......................................................55 Neogobius eurycephalus - Mushroom Neogobius eurycephalus - Широкоглаво goby.........................................................58 попче .....................................................58 Neogobius fluviatilis - Monkey goby .....62 Neogobius fluviatilis- речно попче .......62 Neogobius gymnotrachelus - Racer goby ... Neogobius gymnotrachelus - Головрато .................................................................66 попче ......................................................66 Neogobius kessleri - Bighead goby .........70 Neogobius kessleri - Кеслерово попче .. 70 Neogobius melanostomus - Round goby..... Neogobius melanostomus - Стронгил ...... .................................................................73 .................................................................73 Neogobius ratan - Ratan goby ................77 Neogobius ratan - ратан ........................77 Neogobius syrman - Syrman goby ..........80 3 Neogobius syrman - Сирман ..................80 Pomatoschistus bathi - Bathi’s goby.......83 Pomatoschistus bathi - Попче на Бати ..83 Pomatoschistus marmoratus - Marbled Pomatoschistus marmoratus - Пясъчно goby.........................................................86 попче ......................................................86 Pomatoschistus minutus - Sand goby ......... Pomatoschistus minutus - Далаче ..........89 .................................................................89 Proterorhinus marmoratus - Мраморно Proterorhinus marmoratus - Tubenose попче ......................................................92 goby.........................................................92 Литература ............................................96 Literature .................................................96 4 УВОД INTRODUCTION Класификация Classification Клас: Actinopterygii (Лъчеперки) Class: Actinopterygii Разред: Perciformes (Костурообразни) Order: Perciformes Семейство: Gobiidae (Попчета) Family: Gobiidae рибите от семейство Попчета The family Gobiidae counts between наброяват между 1500 – 1900 1500 and probably more than 1900 spe- (вероятно и повече) вида, кои- cies. They are classified in 6 subfam- то са обединени 6 подсемейства ilies: Amblyopinae, Benthophilinae, (Amblyopinae, Benthophilinae, Gobi- Gobiinae, Gobionellinae, Oxudercinae, inae, Gobionellinae, Oxudercinae, Sicydiinae and approximately 230 Sicydiinae) и около 230 рода (Nelson, genera (Nelson, 1994; Hoese, Larson, 1994; Hoese, Larson, 2006). 2006). Кратка характеристика Short Description Те са предимно дребни риби, оби- Gobies are mainly small fishes inhabit- таващи солени, бракични и сладки ing marine, brackish and freshwater ba- води в умерените, субтропическите sins in temperate, subtropical and trop- и тропическите ширини. Най-едрите ical climates. The bigger species can представители достигат на дължина reach 40 cm in length (representatives около 40см (някои видове от родо- of the genera Gobioides, Periopthalmon вете Gobioides, Periophthalmodon и and Mesogobius). Some of the smallest Mesogobius). Към попчетата се от- invertebrates are also gobies, for exam- насят и най-дребните гръбначни жи- ple Pandaka pygmaea and Trimmatom вотни в света – видовете Trimmatom nanus. Their life cycle does not exceed nanus и Pandaka pygmaea, които a year, and their length 1 cm. не достигат 1см дължина и живеят Most gobies are benthic species inhab- по-малко от година. iting sublittoral marine zones. They can Повечето са дънни видове, населява- be found on different substrate types as щи крайбрежните зони на моретата. rocks, sand, underwater macrophytes. Обитават различен тип субстрати: Some of them are pelagic (Aphia скали, пясък, подводни обраствания. minuta). Някои са пелагични (Aphia minuta). The most typical family feature is the Най-характерният морфологичен бе- conjugated ventral (pelvic) fins, which лег за семейството е срастването на form a sucker-like pelvic disc. They коремните перки във вендуз. Имат have two dorsal fins and lack later- две гръбни перки, нямат странична al line, but instead of it on their head линия, но на главата имат система a system of sensitive pores, known as от чувствителни отвори – генипо- genipores and canals is located. Their 5 ри. Техният брой и конфигурация са number and exact location on the head важен таксономичен белег. Тялото is an important taxonomic trait for spe- обикновено е покрито с ктеноидни cies determination. The scales or body и/или циклоидни люспи. are mainly ctenoid, or/and cycloid. Наблюдава се полов диморфизъм. Most of the goby species are sexually Обикновено мъжките са по-едри и dimorphic, especially during the re- по-ярко оцветени, особено по вре- production period. Males are general- ме на размножителния период.
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