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Tudor Vladimirescu `ft/ lE [294 ACADEMIA ROMA-NA MEMORIILE SECTIUNII ISTORICE SERIA III TOMUL XIV MEM. 4 I. UN OBSERVATOR ENGLEZ ASUPRA ROMANILOR DIN EPOCA LUI TUDOR VLADIMIRESCU ,.- DE N. IORGA MEMBRU AL ACADEMIEI ROMANE r !,, MONITORUL OFICIAL SI IMPRIMERIILE STATULUI IMPRIMERIA NATIONALA BUCURESTI . 1933 L e i N. IORGA. Pretendentul Nicolae Basarab in Elvetia 5. ION I. NISTOR. Opera d-lui N. Iorga 10 ION I. NISTOR. Un roman iscoadi la, '5683 in tabara Regelui Sobieski la Viena 20-- N. IORGA. Testamentul lui Nicola Nicolau . .. 12 N. IORGA. Apelul catre unire a lui Cuza-Vodd la1859 . .... 5. N. IORGA. Un nou izvor cu privire la Mihai Viteazul si Radu Serban. I2. G-ral R. ROSETTI. Razboiul dela moartea lui $tefan-cel-Mare pana la acea a lui Matei Basarab. III. Tactica 50. N. IORGA. o Mosnenii o din Cremenari. i8 N. IORGA. Mormantul Doamnei Neaga si al neamului ei. 5-- N. IORGA. Publicatiistraine privitoare laistoriacontimporana a Ro- manilor 5. N. IORGA. Mosnenii de pe Verbilau si de pe valea Buzaului .. 12 N. IORGA. I. Pedagogia unui jurisconsult fanariot din BUcUresti la 1780. II. Intoarcerea unei pribege: Doamna Maria Minio 15. N. IORGA. Contributii la istoria moderna a Galatilor 20. ALEX. LAPEDATU. Din grijile igreutAtile unei domnii 25. N. IORGA. Stiri notiä privitoare la familia lui Petru Schiopul j 5. G-ral R. ROSETTI. Razboiul, dela moartea luitefan-cel-Mare pang la acea a lui Matei Basarab. IV. Fortificatiunea 40. TOMUL XIII (1932): N. IORGA. Un culegator politic moldovean dela jumatatea secolului al XIX-lea: Stefan Scarlat Dascalescu 45. N. IORGA. Doamna Elina a Tarii-Romanesti ca patroana literarA . 0. I.I. NISTOR. Bisericile i coala greco-romana din Viena 45. N. IORGA. Ceva din legaturile domniilor romanesti cu Ierusalimul .. 20. N. IORGA. Douà scrisori ale lui Atanase Anghel. so. N. IORGA. Domnitorii romani Vasile Lupu, Serban Cantacuzinoi Const. Brancoveanu in legatura cu Patriarhii Alexandriei 5.-- N. IORGA. Radu Cantacuzino 50 N. IORGA. Donatiile romanesti pentru Megalospileoni Vlah-Sarai . 5-- N. IORGA. B. P. Hasdeu ca istoric 5. N. IORGA. In jurul pomenirii lui Alexandru-cel-Bun I0 I.I. NISTOR. Contributii la relatiunile dintre Moldova si Ucraina.. 30. ION I. NISTOR. Din corespondenta lui Todleben dela Plevna. 40. ALEX. LAPEDATU. Campania polona in Moldova la 1686 25. N. IORGA. Un pedagog s moldovean s pe la 1800 N. IORGA. Cfiteva observatii asupra celui mai vechiu tezaur cultural roma-5. nesc . ......... .... ...... 5. N. IORGA. Legaturile romfinesti cu Muntele Sinai. 5.-- I. LUPAS. Inceputul domniei lui Matei Basarab i relatiunile lui cu Tran- silvania. ................. .. .. 15. 1. C. FILITTI. Oameni dependenti5icultivatoriliberi in Principatele Romfine in sec. XVXVII 55-- TOMUL XIV (1933):' N. IORGA. Opinia publica germana si Romania luiCarol I-iu inainte si dupa razboiul de independenta .. 20. G-ral R. ROSETTI. Razboiul. dela moartea. ........... lui $tefan-cel-Mare pand la acea a lui Matei Basarab V. Strategia 70. N. IORGA. Din viata sociala a Brailei supt Turci . ... 10 N. IORGA. Un observator englez asupra Romanilor din epoca lui Tudor Vladimirescu 20- 14. 11 -raZN0Z- 1 BI3LI3TEn . I .)1. PZIti"?:; f4 1..veclar--------- :---------------- 0,4 AtADEvit, NellAIPULARe UN OBSERVATOR ENGLEZ ASUPRA ROMANILOR DIN EPOCA LUI T UD 0 R VL AD I M I RE S C U . DE N. IORGA MEMBRU AL ACADEMIEI ROMANE $edinta dela 31 Martie 1933 _ D-1 D. N. Ciotori, al carui zel in a cauta la Londraceea ce poate interesa istoria poporului nostril nu se poate lauda in de ajuns, a gasit in Arhivele engleze un raportcu privire la Tara-Româneasca care oferà in multe privinti,cu cateva stiri noua, o vedere deosebita de cele obisnuite. Datarea raportului, un mic studiu, pe care-1 public aici, e posibila printr'o serie de note cronologice, amestecate in cursul unei expuneri mai vioaie deck bine ordonata. Daca nu se poate stabili care e hati-humaiumul acordat « anul trecut » Principatelor, daca o ucidere a Turcilor la Ga- lati ar parea ceea ce, dupa alte stiri, nu se poate admite cä trimete la anul 1821, mentiunea inlocuirii « acum doi ani » a consulului rus Chirico da anul 182o pentru scrierea acestei lucräri. Autorul ei, V. Bargrave, originar din Kent siom cu« stare », « agent secret », sprijinit de ambasadorul englez din Viena de un Cooke dela Foreign Office, spune d-1 Ciotori,e un om care, fart a face parte din corpul consular, pe care, cum vom vedea, 11 atacA nemilos in relele lui obiceiuri,a stat mult timp in Orient. Astfel stie cum, la Constantinopol, Turcii, cari simt primejdia din partea crestinilor, iau stricte masurica r A. R. Memoriile Sectiunii Istorice. Seria III. Tom. XIV. Mem. 4. A 146 2 N. IORGA acestia sa nu calce nici cea mai neinsemnatadin masurile cu privire la port si la obiceiuri, el poatepovesti cum un Grec a inselat la Atena peconsulul prusian Gropius, asociatul sat', strecurandu-se inaintea lui ca beneficiar alpermiselor pentru exportul untdelemnului,i asupra Corintului a trimes un ra- port din Rusia. La Bucuresti arecasä mare, si povesteste cum s'au gasit in pivnitile lui marfuri furatedela negustorii vecini, cari prefera sa scape, dupà restituire, hotuldeck sä mearga la judecata : de aici, färà indoiala pentruafaceri, merge, cand la Brasov, cand la Vidin. De altfel a fosti prin Rusia, a carii moralitate o critica,i imprejurarile politice din propria lui Anglie 11 intereseaza destul ca sä fact glume pe samaunui Fox (lord Holland)si unui Wilberforce. D-1 Ciotori adauge ca Bargrave a facut parte dincei cari plecarä la Brasov in mo- mentul aparitiei pandurilor. Scrisori inedite cuprivire la anul 1821 le mentioneaza tot d-sa. E un spirit paradoxal, cu scrisuldesordonati corosiv, un amator de literatura si de istorie, careciteaza pe Wolseyi pe Shakespeare. Ca politica, daca-si bate joc detinerii nobili englezi,«capitanide cavaleriei vanatori de vulpi », un « juriu de macelariipitari » nu-i impune de loc. Cugetarea lui cu totul libera, care nu se opreste la niciopiedeca,i limbagiul par sa arate .care nu se supuneniciunei infrânäri oficiale un om de autoritate, care nuindeplineste o functiune,ci binevoieste sa aduca diplomatiei engleze un serviciu. Lucrarea curiosului cercetator, nemultamitde toata lumea, dar stralucitor de inteligenta, incepe cu descriereacadrului It geografic al Munteniei. I se pare ca aceasta «Valahie » ar putea sä aiba, cu o buna ingrijire, bielsugulEgiptului; pasunile sunt ca in partile Elvetieii Tirolului, mineralele sunt raspandite ca pe coasta Guineii sauin Muntii Anzi; aurul, cules in fa- ramite de Tigani, se afla in nisipul raurilor,dar se intalnesc uneorii bulzi; chihlimbarul se &este adesea. Autorul cunoaste foarte bine tarai descrie exact cursul Oltului, care i se pare ca vine din ses (cel ardelean) spre munte.Explicatii se dau pentru regimul ploilor, in legaturasi cu Ardealul. Pämântul negru e infatisatidescris cu competenta. Informatorul a . strabatut terenurile inundate primavara. A fostprin sate, UN OBSERVATOR ENGLEZ ASUPRAROMANILOR 3 147 pline de bogatii nepuse invaloare.< Pasarileiporcii din Valahia intrec pe cei dinorice altà tara ca frumuseta, greutate, gust si ieftinatate.Satele romanesti sunt, literal,pline ca un roiu de cele mai alesearticole ale mesei unui gastronom. » Se dau preturile obiectelorde hrana. Se lauda caii, desi scazuti in talie din cauzaneingrijirii. Rezistenta acestor fap- turi marunte e asa de mare,incat « doi cai de .calarie ai miei mi-au urmat träsura fara afi legati nici cu cea mai micafunie, cu iuteala acinci poste pe zi, ca nistecani ».Se infatiseaza casa de postäi felul in care se schimbaacolo caii. Se explica rapezicinnea carutei de postaprin caracterul ses al Orli intregi. De mult ce gasesc usor injurul lor fara munca, locuitorii ie sunt« lacomi,betivi,indolentidinfire,sensuali », pacat, caci sunt « sänätosi,tari, indrazneti, rapezi lainteles, - mandri, multamitii politicosi.» «Nicio natie nu poateproduce o rasa deoameni mai bine proportionata,mai vesela, mai iute, mai darza deck Valahiiadevarati.» Traiul lor, contraopiniilor primite, II judeca el fericit, suptraportul material. «Si cel mai sarac ;Aran manânca regulatde patru ori pe zii niciun print in crestinatate nu se poartamai luxos. El poate sa priveasca toata tara ca fiind ladispozitia lui: el samanai culege unde-i place, lasand doar o zecimedin grane pentru proprietar,ori- care ar fi, ceea cenu-si da osteneala sa afle.Nevasta-i face hainele si nu are altà grija (inconsecinta alt indemn la lucru) deck cererile repetite alezapciului »,al carui aspect se si zu-- graveste. ia nominal si potrivit cu legea «Niciun guvern in Europa nu contributii banesti mai de nimicdela supusii sai ca Poarta Otomana. Bugetul anual alDomnului Valahiei, pentru o tara mare cat Anglia, cu unmilion de locuitori, se ridicalegal la suma neinsemnatäde 3.300.000 de piastri. .impreuna cu haraciul pentru Sultan, de600.000 de piastri. » Numai apà- sarea si nevoia ar scoatemai mult, si in folosullocuitorilor, cari nu pot fi indemnati deckprintr'o astfel de sild. Oamenii n'au ideie ca datoresc ceva Orlicareia-i apartin. Acesti Omni, ajunsi egoisti,nepatrioti din simpla ignoranta, din lipsa unui mai inalt ideal deviata comuna, se afla intr'o situatie mai buna deck tovarasiilor de ocupatie de pestemunti : 1* - , _ 4 N. IORGA 148 pentru intAia oara un strain are competentai curajul s'o spuie.«Starea taranimii, care a fost mult imbunatatità,ti se imbunatätestei acum, in ce priveste drepturile feudale ale nobililor, e esfarsit superioara aceleia din Ardeal, unde taranul trebue sà lucreze trei zile pe saptamana gratispentru proprietarul sdu, pe când cei din Valahia sunt siliti sa lucreze numai o zi pe lund, adica douasprezece zilepe an.» Si cu acestprilejsearatace afacut Constantin Mavrocordat pentru inlaturarea serbiei. Se adauge ea, acuma, scutelnicii 1) nu mai sunt, ca pe vremea reformei, liberi de orice taxa catre Stat. Judecata asupra guvernului, care nu scoate dela pamântsi dela oameni ce ar putea sa deie unuli altii, e foarte aspra. E intaiu incapabil de a-si intelege macar propriul folos.
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