DOCSLIB.ORG

The 1911 Revolution and the Politics of Failure: Takeuchi Yoshimi and Global Capitalist Modernity

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
The 1911 Revolution and the Politics of Failure: Takeuchi Yoshimi and Global Capitalist Modernity Front. Lit. Stud. China 2012, 6(1): 19–38 DOI 10.3868/s010-001-012-0003-8 RESEARCH ARTICLE Viren Murthy The 1911 Revolution and the Politics of Failure: Takeuchi Yoshimi and Global Capitalist Modernity Abstract Chinese historians have considered the 1911 Revolution an incomplete bourgeois revolution, especially in comparison to the more successful 1949 Revolution. On the other hand, in their famous tract in the early 1990s, Li Zehou and Liu Zaifu claimed that a rethinking of the 1911 Revolution should lead us to reject the concept of revolution altogether. In both of these formulations, as stepping stone towards socialism or demonstration that any revolution is futile, the 1911 Revolution is in some way connected to the legitimacy of capitalism. However, in post-war Japan, when Japanese intellectuals were debating the consequences of the American Occupation and Japan’s role in the Second World War, the 1911 Revolution had a different significance. Post-war Japanese sinologists often turned to the 1911 Revolution as a symbol of hope, despite its failure. Takeuchi Yoshimi was the pioneer of this intellectual trend and he argued that, unlike the Meiji Ishin, which was a pale imitation of Western modernity, the 1911 Revolution represented a unique affirmation of revolutionary subjectivity, precisely because its initial attempts at modernization failed. Takeuchi and his disciples’ discussions of how the 1911 Revolution produced subjectivity out of failure illustrate post-war Japanese sinologists employed the 1911 Revolution in debates about subjectivity and anti-colonialism. An analysis of their writings will open the way to thinking both the 1911 Revolution and its perception in Japan as it relates to the trajectory of capitalism and its discontents in the 20th century. Keywords 1911 Revolution, Takeuchi Yoshimi, Lu Xun, global capitalist modernity, politics and literature Today China is often regarded as a major player in the global system of nation-states. China-watchers, journalists and politicians constantly discuss China’s “rising” and debate whether China will become a threat to the West. In this context, threat implies that China will become a greater power than the United Viren Murthy ( ) Department of History, University of Ottawa, Ottawa K1N 6N5, Canada E-mail: [email protected] Downloaded from Brill.com09/29/2021 09:17:43AM via free access 20 Viren Murthy States. Such discussions suggest that the rise of China will leave the global-system basically unchanged, insofar as it will still be a market system; history will have merely replaced one hegemon with another. However, the texts of the famous Japanese literary critic, Takeuchi Yoshimi (1910–1977), depict a China that at once anticipates and runs counter to this view. Takeuchi’s discourse anticipates the above view because he also stresses the importance of China in world-history. But rather than signify a rival capitalist threat, in Takeuchi’s view, China appeared as a hope for a different future, a future beyond the logic of imperialist and capitalist dominated modernity. In this context, Takeuchi attempted to reread the historical significance of both the 1911 revolution and the meaning of Chinese literature as embodied in the figure of Lu Xun. In post-war Japan, when Japanese intellectuals were debating the consequences of the American Occupation and Japan’s role in the World War II, Japanese sinologists often turned to the 1911 Revolution as a symbol of a different future, despite its failure or even because of its failure. Takeuchi Yoshimi was the pioneer of this intellectual trend and he argued that, unlike the Meiji Ishin, which was a pale imitation of Western modernity, the 1911 Revolution represented a vision of revolutionary subjectivity, which included subtle mediations of language and politics. Takeuchi’s post-war discussion of the 1911 Revolution builds on his inter-war text on Lu Xun, in which he describes a dialectic between Sun Yat-sen and Lu Xun. These two together symbolize eternal revolution. In his post-war works, he attempts a synthesis of Lu Xun’s and Sun Yat-sen’s thought, in terms of the global problems of modernity. An analysis of these writings will open the way to thinking both the 1911 Revolution and its perception in Japan as it relates to the trajectory of capitalism and its discontents in the 20th century. Takeuchi claims alternative temporalities and global unevenness could possibly lead to spaces of hope for a future beyond capitalism. Since Harry Harootunian has recently discussed such spaces of hope in relation to a Marxist understanding of multiple temporalities and unevenness, I end my essay with an analysis of a recent essay by Harootunian while keeping Takeuchi’s concerns in mind, in order to further examine the complex relationships between global unevenness and hope. Takeuchi on the 1911 Revolution Takeuchi’s interpretation of the 1911 Revolution is significant for a number of reasons. His work represents a rethinking of the significance of China in the context of anti-modernist currents in Japanese intellectual history. Moreover, this anti-modernist current could be connected to a larger global discourse of anti-modernity or anti-rationality, which emerged around the same time as the Downloaded from Brill.com09/29/2021 09:17:43AM via free access The 1911 Revolution and the Politics of Failure 21 1911 Revolution. The 1911 Revolution, and especially the Japanese interpretations of it, coincided with anti-modern artistic trends in Europe. From this perspective, the 1911 Revolution is at once both modern, because of its aim to form a nation-state, and anti-modern. Although this essay is not about this dual nature of the 1911 Revolution, we can note here how Zou Rong and Zhang Taiyan have expressed different attitudes towards progressive history. Zou Rong, along with the Paris Anarchists, adopted a progressive vision of history and revolution. In contrast, not only did Zhang Taiyan define revolution as a return to the past, he also attempted to develop a critique of evolution based on a Buddhist theory of consciousness. In another work, I have argued that, far from expressing something uniquely Chinese, Zhang’s attack on revolution represented a larger global trend against rationalization, bureaucratization, and the idea of objective laws of history.1 This trend began perhaps in the late 19th century, but the years from 1910 to 1913 in particular have recently come to be seen as a period in which intellectuals and artists expressed a heightened sense of doubt and suspicion with respect to modernist narratives of modernity. Thomas Harrison and Jean-Michel-Rabaté refer primarily to the realm of art and music, but their ideas have a number of implications for politics.2 Their books stress how modernist music, literature and art extolled atonal and irrational themes in the years before World War I, suggesting that destruction must precede creation. In 1944, Takeuchi read Lu Xun and the 1911 Revolution in a way that underscored a concept of literature separate from developmental narratives, and also suggested a dialectical relationship between creation and destruction. Takeuchi highlights the implications of literature for politics in relation to a specific geographical region and event, namely China/Asia and the 1911 Revolution.3 The Politics of the 1911 Revolution in Takeuchi’s Lu Xun Takeuchi published his book on Lu Xun in 1944, after Japan had invaded China in 1937 and after the attack on Pearl Harbor in 1941. He had already been to China and, like a number of Japanese sinologists, he had mixed feelings about 1 Murthy, 2011. 2 Harrison, 1996, Rabaté, 2007. 3 Christian Uhl has recently discussed the importance of Nishida’s work for understanding Takeuchi’s reading of Lu Xun. Nishida’s work is particularly important for us in this context, one of his most famous books, The Study of the Good, was published in precisely in 1911 and it his key concept of pure-experience, represents a critique of reification or rationalization from a standpoint before ordinary distinctions between subject and object. It is this standpoint outside of ordinary distinctions, a type of religious perspective that Takeuchi associates with Lu Xun. See Uhl, 2003. Downloaded from Brill.com09/29/2021 09:17:43AM via free access 22 Viren Murthy Japan’s involvement in the war. He had a great sentimental attachment to China, but he had perhaps an even stronger resentment towards the United States and Americanism. On the eve of the 1911 Revolution, a few years before the World War I, Europe was the center of imperialist power, but by the time of World War II, this power was shifting toward the United States. For many Japanese intellectuals, Americanism represented a continuation of the domination of Europe, and it was thus criticized by a number of scholars, including the philosophers of the Kyoto School and romantics such as Yasuda Yojūrō. Like Takeuchi, these romantics would put forth a new vision of literature as separate from politics. However, as we shall see below, Takeuchi will inflect the romantics’ vision in such a way as to produce a new form of politics, which he will associate with China. Yasuda is worth mentioning here not only because he was once a classmate of Takeuchi and one of the leaders of the Japanese romantic school but also because he was extremely active during the 1930s and 1940s, when Takeuchi wrote his book on Lu Xun. There are some who would claim that Takeuchi’s work copies that of Yasuda and there are clearly similarities.4 Like Takeuchi, Yasuda was clearly a critic of European modernity and Americanism. Perhaps more importantly, Yasuda also propounded an idea of literature as something separate from politics. He berated proletarian literature in a manner that Takeuchi echoed to some extent in his work on Lu Xun, The danger of nationalism without feeling or emotion is that it is no different from the totalitarianism of Marxism.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Manchus: a Horse of a Different Color
    History in the Making Volume 8 Article 7 January 2015 Manchus: A Horse of a Different Color Hannah Knight CSUSB Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/history-in-the-making Part of the Asian History Commons Recommended Citation Knight, Hannah (2015) "Manchus: A Horse of a Different Color," History in the Making: Vol. 8 , Article 7. Available at: https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/history-in-the-making/vol8/iss1/7 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the History at CSUSB ScholarWorks. It has been accepted for inclusion in History in the Making by an authorized editor of CSUSB ScholarWorks. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Manchus: A Horse of a Different Color by Hannah Knight Abstract: The question of identity has been one of the biggest questions addressed to humanity. Whether in terms of a country, a group or an individual, the exact definition is almost as difficult to answer as to what constitutes a group. The Manchus, an ethnic group in China, also faced this dilemma. It was an issue that lasted throughout their entire time as rulers of the Qing Dynasty (1644- 1911) and thereafter. Though the guidelines and group characteristics changed throughout that period one aspect remained clear: they did not sinicize with the Chinese Culture. At the beginning of their rule, the Manchus implemented changes that would transform the appearance of China, bringing it closer to the identity that the world recognizes today. In the course of examining three time periods, 1644, 1911, and the 1930’s, this paper looks at the significant events of the period, the changing aspects, and the Manchus and the Qing Imperial Court’s relations with their greater Han Chinese subjects.
    [Show full text]
  • Similarities and Differences of the 1911 Revolutions in Mongolia and China
    The Mongolian Journal of International Affairs Number 1, 1994 RESEARCH NOTE SIMILARITIES AND DIFFERENCES OF THE 1911 REVOLUTIONS IN MONGOLIA AND CHINA Khereid L.Jamsran As a result of the 1911 revolutions against the Qing dynasty, Mongolia and China became independent and established their own governments. The revolutions in these two countries had some similarities as well as differences which 1 would like to discuss briefly. Similarities 1. Both the Mongols and the Chinese were under Manchu domination for more than two hundred years. The revolutions of 1911 were the result of the anti-Ding movement for national independence in both nations. This meant that these revolutions, both in Mongolia and China, had the single goal of overthrowing the Ding regime and of restoring national indepen- dence with their own governmental systems. 2. The Qing dynasty, from the mid-nineteenth century on, became a semi- colony of imperialist powers, so both revolutions were organized on the same souci-political basis. 3. The 1911 revolutions in Mongolia and China had the common aim of re- storing national independence through armed struggle. 4. The imperialist powers and progressive people supported the anti-Ding movement for national liberation as well as its fighters or revolutionaries in the Ding Empire. 5. After the overthrow of the Qing dynasty, the revolutionaries in Mongolia and China established their own forms of government. Differences 1. China was the center of the Qing dynasty. At that time China began to develop trade and industry which gave rise to a working class and national capitalists However, the feudal Qing regime was an obstacle in the way toward full prosperity of a new society, thus the new classes became politically active and organized illegal revolutionary organizations whose main task was the over- throw of the Qing regime and the establishment of a republican form of govern- ment.
    [Show full text]
  • Making the Palace Machine Work Palace Machine the Making
    11 ASIAN HISTORY Siebert, (eds) & Ko Chen Making the Machine Palace Work Edited by Martina Siebert, Kai Jun Chen, and Dorothy Ko Making the Palace Machine Work Mobilizing People, Objects, and Nature in the Qing Empire Making the Palace Machine Work Asian History The aim of the series is to offer a forum for writers of monographs and occasionally anthologies on Asian history. The series focuses on cultural and historical studies of politics and intellectual ideas and crosscuts the disciplines of history, political science, sociology and cultural studies. Series Editor Hans Hågerdal, Linnaeus University, Sweden Editorial Board Roger Greatrex, Lund University David Henley, Leiden University Ariel Lopez, University of the Philippines Angela Schottenhammer, University of Salzburg Deborah Sutton, Lancaster University Making the Palace Machine Work Mobilizing People, Objects, and Nature in the Qing Empire Edited by Martina Siebert, Kai Jun Chen, and Dorothy Ko Amsterdam University Press Cover illustration: Artful adaptation of a section of the 1750 Complete Map of Beijing of the Qianlong Era (Qianlong Beijing quantu 乾隆北京全圖) showing the Imperial Household Department by Martina Siebert based on the digital copy from the Digital Silk Road project (http://dsr.nii.ac.jp/toyobunko/II-11-D-802, vol. 8, leaf 7) Cover design: Coördesign, Leiden Lay-out: Crius Group, Hulshout isbn 978 94 6372 035 9 e-isbn 978 90 4855 322 8 (pdf) doi 10.5117/9789463720359 nur 692 Creative Commons License CC BY NC ND (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0) The authors / Amsterdam University Press B.V., Amsterdam 2021 Some rights reserved. Without limiting the rights under copyright reserved above, any part of this book may be reproduced, stored in or introduced into a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means (electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise).
    [Show full text]
  • The Interaction Between Ethnic Relations and State Power: a Structural Impediment to the Industrialization of China, 1850-1911
    View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by Georgia State University Georgia State University ScholarWorks @ Georgia State University Sociology Dissertations Department of Sociology 5-27-2008 The nI teraction between Ethnic Relations and State Power: A Structural Impediment to the Industrialization of China, 1850-1911 Wei Li Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.gsu.edu/sociology_diss Part of the Sociology Commons Recommended Citation Li, Wei, "The nI teraction between Ethnic Relations and State Power: A Structural Impediment to the Industrialization of China, 1850-1911." Dissertation, Georgia State University, 2008. https://scholarworks.gsu.edu/sociology_diss/33 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Department of Sociology at ScholarWorks @ Georgia State University. It has been accepted for inclusion in Sociology Dissertations by an authorized administrator of ScholarWorks @ Georgia State University. For more information, please contact [email protected]. THE INTERACTION BETWEEN ETHNIC RELATIONS AND STATE POWER: A STRUCTURAL IMPEDIMENT TO THE INDUSTRIALIZATION OF CHINA, 1850-1911 by WEI LI Under the Direction of Toshi Kii ABSTRACT The case of late Qing China is of great importance to theories of economic development. This study examines the question of why China’s industrialization was slow between 1865 and 1895 as compared to contemporary Japan’s. Industrialization is measured on four dimensions: sea transport, railway, communications, and the cotton textile industry. I trace the difference between China’s and Japan’s industrialization to government leadership, which includes three aspects: direct governmental investment, government policies at the macro-level, and specific measures and actions to assist selected companies and industries.
    [Show full text]
  • From Chinese Silver Ingots to the Yuan
    From Chinese Silver Ingots to the Yuan With the ascent of the Qing Dynasty in 1644, China's modern age began. This epoch brought foreign hegemony in a double sense: On the one hand the Qing emperors were not Chinese, but belonged to the Manchu people. On the other hand western colonial powers began to influence politics and trade in the Chinese Empire more and more. The colonial era brought a disruption of the Chinese currency history that had hitherto shown a remarkable continuity. Soon, the Chinese money supply was dominated by foreign coins. This was a big change in a country that had used simple copper coins only for more than two thousand years. 1 von 11 www.sunflower.ch Chinese Empire, Qing Dynasty, Sycee Zhong-ding (Boat Shape), Value 10 Tael, 19th Century Denomination: Sycee 10 Tael Mint Authority: Qing Dynasty Mint: Undefined Year of Issue: 1800 Weight (g): 374 Diameter (mm): 68.0 Material: Silver Owner: Sunflower Foundation A major characteristic of Chinese currency history is the almost complete absence of precious metals. Copper coins dominated monetary circulation for more than 2000 years. Paper money was invented at an early stage - primarily because the coppers were too unpractical for large transactions. The people's confidence in paper money was limited, however. Hence silver became a common standard of value, primarily in the form of ingots. The use of ingots as means of payment dates back 2000 years. However, because silver ingots were smelted now and again, old specimens are very rare. This silver ingot in the shape of a boat – Yuan Bao in Chinese – dates from the Qing dynasty (1644-1911).
    [Show full text]
  • UC Berkeley Electronic Theses and Dissertations
    UC Berkeley UC Berkeley Electronic Theses and Dissertations Title Competing Visions of the Modern: Urban Transformation and Social Change of Changchun, 1932-1957 Permalink https://escholarship.org/uc/item/0149581v Author Liu, Yishi Publication Date 2011 Peer reviewed|Thesis/dissertation eScholarship.org Powered by the California Digital Library University of California Competing Visions of the Modern: Urban Transformation and Social Change of Changchun, 1932-1957 By Yishi Liu A dissertation submitted in partial satisfaction of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Architecture in the Graduate Division of the University of California, Berkeley Committee in charge: Professor Nezar AlSayyad, Chair Professor Greig Crysler Professor Wen-Hsin Yeh Fall 2011 Abstract Competing Visions of the Modern: Urban Transformation and Social Change of Changchun, 1932-1957 By Yishi Liu Doctor of Philosophy in Architecture University of California, Berkeley Professor Nezar AlSayyad, Chair Examining the urban development and social change of Changchun during the period 1932-1957, this project covers three political regimes in Changchun (the Japanese up to 1945, a 3-year transitional period governed by the Russians and the KMT respectively, and then the Communist after 1948), and explores how political agendas operated and evolved as a local phenomenon in this city. I attempt to reveal connections between the colonial past and socialist “present”. I also aim to reveal both the idiosyncrasies of Japanese colonialism vis-à-vis Western colonialism from the perspective of the built environment, and the similarities and connections of urban construction between the colonial and socialist regime, despite antithetically propagandist banners, to unfold the shared value of anti-capitalist pursuit of exploring new visions of and different paths to the modern.
    [Show full text]
  • Proquest Dissertations
    INFORMATION TO USERS This manuscript has been reproduced from the microfilm master UMI films the text directly from the original or copy submitted. Thus, some thesis and dissertation copies are in typewriter face, while others may be from any type of computer printer. The quality of this reproduction k dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. Broken or indistinct print, colored or poor quality illustrations and photographs, print bleedthrough, substandard margins, and improper alignment can adversely affect reproduction. In the unlikely event that the author did not send UMI a complete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if unauthorized copyright material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion. Oversee materials (e.g., maps, drawings, charts) are reproduced by sectioning the original, beginning at the upper left-hand comer and continuing from left to right in equal sections with small overlaps. Photographs included in the original manuscript have been reproduced xerographically in this copy. Higher quality 6* x 9” black and white photographic prints are available for any photographs or illustrations appearing in this copy for an additional charge. Contact UMI directly to order. Bell & Howell Information and Learning 300 North Zeeb Road, Ann Arbor, Ml 48106-1346 USA 800-521-0600 WU CHANGSHI AND THE SHANGHAI ART WORLD IN THE LATE NINETEENTH AND EARLY TWENTIETH CENTURIES DISSERTATION Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Doctor of Philosophy in the Graduate School of the Ohio State University By Kuiyi Shen, M.A. ***** The Ohio State University 2000 Dissertation Committee: Approved by Professor John C.
    [Show full text]
  • China's Rulers: the Fifth Generation
    CHINA’S RULERS: THE FIFTH GENERATION TAKES POWER (2012–13) Michael Dillon This project is funded by A project implemented by The European Union Steinbeis GmbH & Co. KG für Technologietransfer © Europe China Research and Advice Network, 2012 This publication may be reproduced for personal and educational use only. Commercial copying, hiring or lending of this publication is strictly prohibited. Europe China Research and Advice Network 10 St James’s Square London SW1Y 4LE +44 (0) 20 7314 3659 [email protected] www.euecran.eu Contents Foreword ........................................................................................................ 4 ExecutIve Summary ........................................................................................ 6 Key PRC PolItIcal BodIes .................................................................................. 7 Timetable for Leadership Changes .................................................................. 8 Introduction ................................................................................................... 9 1 Change and ContInuity ............................................................................... 11 2 Senior PolItIcal Appointments .................................................................... 14 3 PolItIcal GeneratIons In China .................................................................... 16 4 CCP FactIons and the SuccessIon Process ................................................... 17 5 Key Issues .................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Sun Yat-Sen and the ROC-PRC Paradox
    Not Out of the Blue: Sun Yat-sen and the ROC-PRC Paradox Author: Jacob Throwe Persistent link: http://hdl.handle.net/2345/1976 This work is posted on eScholarship@BC, Boston College University Libraries. Boston College Electronic Thesis or Dissertation, 2011 Copyright is held by the author, with all rights reserved, unless otherwise noted. NOT OUT OF THE BLUE: SUN YAT-SEN AND THE ROC-PRC PARADOX JACOB THROWE BOSTON COLLEGE DEPARTMENT OF HISTORY COLLEGE OF ARTS AND SCIENCES, HONORS PROGRAM ADVANCED INDEPEDNENT RESEARCH PROJECT CLASS OF 2011 THESIS ADVISOR: DR. REBECCA NEDOSTUP, DEPARTMENT OF HISTORY SECOND READER: DR. FRANZISKA SERAPHIM, DEPARTMENT OF HISTORY ‚<let’s always remember this moment; let’s always remember to value and feel gratitude for it, because the fruits of democracy did not come out of the blue.‛ —Chen Shui-bian (May 20, 2000) Contents List of Figures iii Acknowledgements iv Note on Romanization v Preface : An Apparent Paradox 1 I. Father of the Nation 4 1. Sun Yat-sen: The Man Who Would Be Guo Fu 5 2. The Fragile Bond of the First United Front 34 II. Battling Successors 45 3. Chiang Kai-Shek and The Fight over Interpretation 46 4. The Alternative of Mao Zedong 57 III. The Question of Democracy in Greater China 68 5. The Wavering Bond between Taiwan and China 69 6. The Political Transformation on Taiwan 80 Conclusion 93 Bibliography 97 ii Figures 1.1 Inequality (1924) 17 1.2 False Equality (1924) 18 1.3 True Equality (1924) 19 1.4 A Comparative Study of Constitutions (1921) 21 1.5 Powers of the People and Government (1924) 22 1.6 Component Parts of the Five-Power Constitution (1924) 23 5.1 Map of Taiwan 70 iii Acknowledgements It would simply be infeasible to name all the people who helped me complete this project.
    [Show full text]
  • The Literary Field of Twentieth-Century China Chinese Worlds
    The Literary Field of Twentieth-Century China Chinese Worlds Chinese Worlds publishes high-quality scholarship, research monographs, and source collections on Chinese history and society from 1900 into the next century. "Worlds" signals the ethnic, cultural, and political multiformity and regional diversity of China, the cycles of unity and division through which China's modern history has passed, and recent research trends toward regional studies and local issues. It also signals that Chineseness is not contained within territorial borders - overseas Chinese communities in all countries and regions are also "Chinese worlds". The editors see them as part of a political, economic, social, and cultural continuum that spans the Chinese mainland, Taiwan, Hong Kong, Macau, South-East Asia, and the world. The focus of Chinese Worlds is on modern politics and society and history. It includes both history in its broader sweep and specialist monographs on Chinese politics, anthropology, political economy, sociology, education, and the social-science aspects of culture and religions. The Literary Field of New Fourth Army Twentieth-Century China Communist Resistance along the Edited by Michel Hockx Yangtze and the Huai, 1938-1941 Gregor Benton Chinese Business in Malaysia Accumulation, Ascendance, A Road is Made Accommodation Communism in Shanghai 1920-1927 Edmund Terence Gomez Steve Smith Internal and International Migration The Bolsheviks and the Chinese Chinese Perspectives Revolution 1919-1927 Edited by Frank N. Pieke and Hein Mallee Alexander
    [Show full text]
  • China in Transition: 1850-1949 Recommended Reading: Ju-Hsi Chou and C
    Arts of Asia Lecture Series Fall 2013 The Culture and Arts of China: From the Song Dynasty to Contemporary Sponsored by The Society for Asian Art Claudia Brown Arizona State University April 19, 2013 China in Transition: 1850-1949 Recommended reading: Ju-hsi Chou and C. Brown, Transcending Turmoil: Painting at the Close of China's Empire, 1795-1911, Phoenix Art Museum, 1992. Richard Vinograd, Boundaries of the Self: Chinese Portraits, 1600-1900, Cambridge University Press, 1992. Julia Andrews and Kuiyi Shen, A Century in Crisis: Modernity and Tradition in the Art of Twentieth-Century China, New York: Guggenheim Museum, 1998. Late Qing Painting Early 19th century artists Zhang Yin 张吟(Chang Yin; 1761-1829), Three Hills of Jingjiang, 1827, handscroll, ink and color on paper, Palace Museum, Beijing, 3000 Years, fig. 275. Fei Danxu 費丹旭(Fei Tan-hsu), Yao Xie and his Wives, handscroll, ink and color on paper, Palace Museum, Beijing, 3000 Years, fig. 277. Qian Du 錢杜 (Ch'ien Tu; 1763-1844) Gai Qi 改琦(Kai Ch'i, 1774-1829) Guangdong Artists Su Renshan 蘇仁山 (Su Jen-shan, 1814-1850) Su Liupeng 蘇六朋 (about 1796-1862) Ju Chao 居巢 (1811-1865) Ju Lian 居廉 (Chu Lien, 1828-1904) The Four Ren and other Shanghai Artists Ren Xiong 任熊 (Jen Hsiung; 1820-1857), Self Portrait, hanging scroll, ink and color on paper, Palace Museum, Beijing, 3000 Years, fig. 279. Ren Yi 任頤 (Ren Bonian, Jen Po-nien, 1840-1895), Portrait of a Down-and-Out Man (Portrait of Wu Changshuo), hanging scroll, ink and color on paper, Zhejiang Provincial Museum, 3000 Years, fig.
    [Show full text]
  • Chapter Four Shanghai: the Writing of Art History
    Chapter Four Shanghai: the writing of art history Shanghai was the publishing centre of modern China. During the first three decades of the twentieth century, magazines and newspapers proliferated, owing to innovations in print technology and the need to disseminate ideas and information to readers in ever-changing times. Scholars looked to the nascent mass media industry as a means of employment and used their considerable intellectual skills to draw attention to and mediate the many cultural changes that were taking place. Huang Binhong was no exception. (Figure 4.1) He was closely involved with the newspaper industry as editor and head of the art department of the Shenzhou Daily and the Eastern Times newspapers.1 In early 1912 Huang Binhong began to write a regular column for the Shenzhou Daily entitled Shenzhou yuedan 神 州 月 旦. The newspaper, established by Yu Youren 于 右 任prior to the 1911 revolution, was managed by Wang Pengnian 汪 彭 年, who was also from Anhui.2 Huang’s columns were short and continued with great regularity, sometimes daily, until late 1913.3 From then until the end of 1914 he also wrote longer articles on subjects as diverse as art, history, literature, epigraphy and philosophy. These articles appeared daily and reflect the diversity of Huang Binhong’s interests and his ability to write with frequency and on a broad range of cultural subjects. Titles include “Spiritual civilisation associated with Chinese art,” “Talented women in troubled times,” “Books are valued overseas,” “ A record of travels to Mount Jiuhua,” “Ancient and modern discourses on ink,” and “A record of collecting imperial seals”.
    [Show full text]