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Home , 1911 Revolution, Road to Dawn, Zhang Binglin

Amherst College Fall 2010 History 57/Asian Langs & Civs 49 Tues/Thurs 10:00-11:20

CHINA IN THE WORLD: 1895-1919 Professor Jerry Dennerline Office hours: Tues/Thurs 3:30-4:00 Office: Chapin 12 Wed. 1:00-3:00 E-mail: [email protected]; phone (office hours): 542-2486 And by appointment

Course Materials The following books are available for purchase at Amherst Books: Ida Pruitt (with Ning Lao T’ai-t’ai), A Daughter of Han: The Autobiography of a Chinese Working Woman. ISBN 0804706069 Paul Cohen, History in Three Keys: The Boxers as Event, Experience, and Myth. ISBN 0231106513 Copies of these books are also on reserve at Frost Library. A Collection of Readings, in two or three installments, will be available at the History Department Office, Chapin 11. There will be a fee to cover the expense of permissions and photo-copying. Additional readings and films are marked in the syllabus as on reserve, e-reserve, on line, or “streamed.”

Course Description and Requirements This course is designed as an introduction to local and global themes in the history of modern . We will focus on the period between the Sino-Japanese War of 1894-95 and the Treaty of Versailles and Chinese of 1919, which launched the Communist . The major issues of this period have taken on new significance since the end of the Cold War. They include 1) Chinese responses to and participation in the developing global economy, 2) approaches to political, economic, and cultural reform, 3) problems of national and cultural identity in China and abroad, 4) modern experience and new issues of class, gender, and educational status. Major events include imperial reform movements, the Boxer uprising, the anti-American of 1905, popular resistance movements, the Republican revolution of 1911, the onset of warlordism, and the advent of the after 1915. Brief lectures will supplement reading, but the primary work will be to engage the documents, interpretations, biographies, and other materials in class. To pass the course, a student must complete all of the requirements. Plagiarism or other serious violation of the honor code will result in failure of the course. The first requirement is to attend and participate in class. Repeated unexcused absence will lower the grade. Grades are based on successful completion of the following assignments: Eight brief ungraded responses (250-300 words), for instructor comments, in preparation for class discussions and for the short papers, due in class on the day of the discussion. Two each for each short paper, see due dates below. 60% – Four short papers (3-4 pages) based on the readings, responses, and discussions, due by Sept 27, Oct 13, Nov 1, and Nov 19. 10% – Oral presentation of term paper topic, Dec 7 - 14. 30% – Term paper, due Friday, Dec 17. History 57, AL&C 49: China in the World, 1895-1919 Page 2 Fall 2010

Syllabus

Tues, Sept 7 Introduction: China in Time and Space

Thurs, Sept 9 Late Qing Modern Read: William Rowe, “,” in China’s Last : The Great Qing (2009), 231-52 [on reserve] Peter Carroll, Between Heaven and Modernity, pp. 23-70 Ye Xiaoqing, The Dianshizhai Pictorial (2003), 20-33. Response: How many signs of “nativism” or “nationalism” in response to “imperialism” can you find in these sources? What counts and what does not? Make a short list.

Tues, Sept 14 Culture and Change: Two Chinese Perspectives Read: Qian Mu, “Reminiscences on My Parents at the Age of 80,” in Qian Mu and the World of Seven Mansions, tr. Dennerline, pp. 115-49 Ida Pruitt, A Daughter of Han, pp. 1-73. Response: Qian Mu wrote his memoir in 1974; Ning Lao-t’ai-t’ai spoke hers forty years earlier. Both are story-tellers. What do they seem to share as “Chinese” and how do they differ? Draw up a list of points from both texts to show how you might begin to draw such a comparison.

Thurs, Sept 16 Culture and Change: Two American Perspectives Read: Michael Adas, “Machines as the Measure of Men,” pp. 221-32 Arthur H. Smith, Chinese Characteristics (1894), excerpts on “Industry,” “Contempt for Foreigners,” “Absence of Public Spirit,” “The Real Condition of China and Her Present Needs” Wm. Barclay Parsons, An American Engineer in China (1900), excerpts. Response: Choose one: 1) Consider the similarities and differences of these two men’s views; make a short list of points for a discussion of what’s more significant, the similarities or the differences. 2) Given what you know about the worlds described by Qian and Ning, consider a few of the observations made by Smith and Parsons and show how you might begin to evaluate them.

Tues, Sept 21 Reform Read: Zhidong, Quanxuepian, Ch. 6: “Centralization of Power” Hon, Tze-ki, “’s Proposal for Reform: A New Reading of the Quanxue pian,” pp. 77-98 “Chronological Autobiography of K’ang Yu-wei (),” entries for 1895-98 (written in Japan, 1898) and notes, in K’ang Yu-wei: A Biography and A Symposium, ed. Lo Jung-pang, pp. 17, 76-128, 153-174. Response: Drawing on these sources, how would you begin to compare Zhang and Kang as planners and politicians? History 57, AL&C 49: China in the World, 1895-1919 Page 3 Fall 2010

Thurs, Sept 23 Reform Read: The Great Unity (Datong) K’ang Yu-wei (Kang Youwei), The One-World Philosophy of K’ang Yu-wei, selections: pp 68-72, 79, 82-84, 91-99, 134-35, 138, 140-41, 149-51, 159-65, 183- 86, 210-216, 271-76 , “The Concept of the Nation,” Xinmin shuo 6.16-18, 22-23; tr in Sources of Chinese Tradition 2:295-98. Response: Explain in outline form why you think Kang and Liang are on the same side, or why they are not, and what you think is at stake.

Mon, Sept 27: Short Paper Due

Tues, Sept 28 Boxer Uprising: The events Read: Paul Cohen, History in Three Keys: The Boxers as Event, Experience, and Myth, pp 3-56 The Boxer Uprising: Pictorial Stories of the Chinese Peasants’ Resistance against Western Powers in Contemporary History (Singapore, 1993), excerpts. Response: Cohen and the Pictorial Stories both present narratives of the uprising. Make a short list of points for comparing the two and show how you might begin to explain and evaluate the differences.

Thurs, Sept 30 Boxer Uprising: The Experience Read: Cohen, History in Three Keys, pp. 59-210. Response: When we focus on individual and collective experience, or on a local community, rather than on the grand narrative, we may want to ask different questions or imagine an entirely different narrative of our own. Raise some points from these chapters to show how you might begin to do this or why, as an historian, you would not.

Tues, Oct 5 Imperialism and the Boxers: Reflections Read: J. Dennerline, Late Qing Modern: Identities and Boundaries (10p) Theodore Roosevelt, “ Expansion and Peace,” from The Strenuous Life (1901) Mark Twain, “To the Persons Sitting in Darkness,” North American Review, 172.531 (Feb 1901): 161-176 (E-reserve) Liang Qichao, “Notes from a Journey to the New Continent,” tr. Arkush and Lee Lim Boon Keng, “The White Peril: From the Imperial and Official Standpoint” and “From the Popular Standpoint,” in The Chinese Crisis from Within (1901), 177-204. Response: Returning to the question of imperialism and the responses to it, draw on these reflections for a brief outline of an argument or discussion of your own. History 57, AL&C 49: China in the World, 1895-1919 Page 4 Fall 2010

Thurs, Oct 7 Imperialism and the Boxers: Revisions Read: William Rowe, “Revolution,” in China’s Last Empire, 253-82 Cohen, History in Three Keys, pp. 211-288. Response: Can history be distinguished from myth? Whether your answer is yes or no, what do you think historians should do about this uprising?

Tues, Oct 12 Fall Break

Wed, Oct 13: Short Paper Due

Thurs, Oct 14 Nationalism and Citizenship Read: Prasenjit Duara, “Deconstructing the Chinese Nation” and “Between Sovereignty and : the Historical Experiences of Migrant Chinese” in The Global and Regional in China’s Nation-Formation (2009), pp 97-115, 151- 66 Kai-wing Chow, “Narrating Nation, Race, and National Culture: Imagining the Hanzu Identity in Modern China,” in Constructing Nationhood in Modern East Asia, ed. K. Chow, K. Doak, P. Fu, pp. 47-76 Hazama Naoki, “On Liang Qichao’s Conceptions of Gong and Si: ‘’ and ‘Personal Virtue’ in the Xinmin shuo,” in The Role of Japan, pp. 205-21. Response: Nationalism does not just happen; it is constructed. Draw on the articles for a short list of points that might demonstrate the difficulties in constructing a “nation” in the Chinese case.

Tues, Oct 19 Patriotism and the Anti-American Boycott, 1905 Read: Sin-Kiong Wong, “Die for the Boycott and Nation: Martyrdom and the 1905 Anti-American Movement in China” Modern Asian Studies 35.3 (July 2001), pp 565-588 [E-reserve} Guanhua Wang, In Search of Justice: the 1905-1906 Chinese Anti-American Boycott, pp. 134-59 Bryna Goodman, “The Locality as Microcosm of the Nation?,” Modern China 21:4 (1995), pp. 387-419 [E-reserve] Response: These three articles point to three different sorts of experience in relation to the 1905 boycott. Can and should the historian weave them together into a single narrative? Why or why not? History 57, AL&C 49: China in the World, 1895-1919 Page 5 Fall 2010

Thurs, Oct 21 Different Drummers, Alternative Mobilizations Read: Elizabeth Perry, on Strike, 11-31 [E-reserve] Xiong, Yuezhi. “The Theory and Practice of Women’s Rights in Late-Qing Shanghai, 1843-1911, in Beyond the May Fourth paradigm : in search of Chinese modernity, ed Kai-wing Chow, et al., pp 71-93 Roxann Prazniak, Of Camels and and Other Things: Rural Rebels Against Modernity in Late Imperial China, pp. 213-47. Response: Draw on the articles for a list of ideas that might serve a different kind of narrative, in which nationalism plays a lesser role.

Mon, Oct 25: View Film: (2007).

Tues, Oct 26 Revolution Brewing: Students and Intellectuals Read: Stephen Platt, “Retrenchment in Japan” and “ and the Fall of the Qing,” in Provincial Patriots (2007), 94-154 (on reserve) Tsou Jung (), “The Army” (excerpts), in Hsueh Chun- tu, Revolutionary Leaders of Modern China (“The Life and Writings of Tsou Jung), excerpts ’s Speech in , July 15, 1906, in Pioneer of the Chinese Revolution: Zhang Binglin and Confucianism, by Shimada Kenji, pp. 28-43 (China Alliance) Revolutionary Proclamation (1907). Response: Draw on the readings for a list of points that might serve for an argument about the relationship between “national identity” and Chinese politics in the making of the .

Thurs, Oct 28 Revolution Exploding, 1911 and Sun Yatsen Read: David B. Gordon, Sun Yatsen: Seeking a Newer China (2010), pp 8-19, 61-85 (on reserve) Harold Z. Schiffrin, “The Enigma of Sun Yat-sen,” in China in Revolution: The First Phase, 1900-1913, ed. by Mary C. Wright, pp. 443-74 Chongji, “The 1911 Revolution and the Awakening of the Chinese Nation,” in The 1911 Revolution in China (1984), pp. 3-16. Response: How would you begin to evaluate Sun Yatsen’s role in 1911? What are the implications of your answer for the idea of an “awakening nation?”

Mon, Nov 1: Short Paper Due History 57, AL&C 49: China in the World, 1895-1919 Page 6 Fall 2010

Tues, Nov 2 The Chinese Republic, Japanese Empire and the World Read: Ernest Young, “ Shih-k’ai’s Rise to the Presidency,” in China in Revolution, pp. 419-442 Edward McCord, The Power of the Gun: The Emergence of Modern Chinese Warlordism, pp. 48-59, 161-72, and 205-207 Luo, Zhitian, “National Humiliation and National Assertion: The Chinese Response to the Twenty-one Demands,” Modern Asian Studies 27.2 (May 1993): 297-319 [E-reserve] Response:

Thurs, Nov 4 Economic Development, Global Capitalism and Chinese Labor Read: Sherman Cochran, Encountering Chinese Networks: Western, Japanese, and Chinese Corporations in China, 1880-1997, pp. 1-11, 70-94, 117-46, 177-86 Elizabeth Perry, Shanghai on Strike, pp. 32-64. Response:

Tues, Nov 9 Modern Education: Think Confucian Read: Kuo, Ya-pei. "’The Emperor and the People in One Body’: The Worship of and Ritual Planning in the Xinzheng Reforms, 1902—1911,” Modern China 35 (2009), ATTN: EXCERPT pp 132-46 [whole article on E-reserve] Peter Carroll, Between Heaven and Modernity, pp. 101-31 Zhang Binglin, Refutation of the Petition to Establish a Confucian Religion, in Pioneer of the Chinese Revolution (1913), pp. 122-32. Response:

Thurs, Nov 11 Modern Education: Think Pragmatic Read: Ruth Hayhoe, “Sino-American Educational Interaction from the Microcosm of Fudan’s Early Years,” in Li, ed, Bridging Minds across the Pacific (2005), 25-44 Wen-hsin Yeh, “ and the Chinese Society of Vocational Education in Shanghai Networking,” in Dillon and Oi, ed, At the Crossroads of (2008), 25-44 Huang Yanpei, “Report of an Investigation of American Education,” tr. Arkush and Lee. Response: History 57, AL&C 49: China in the World, 1895-1919 Page 7 Fall 2010

Mon, Nov 15 View Film: (Autumn Gem: the True Story of China’s First Feminist) (2009). On reserve: DS764.23 .C49 Q48 [streamed on line]

Tues, Nov 16 Modern Women: Think Politics Read: Daughter of Han, 74-141 Joan Judge, “Talent, Virtue, and the Nation: Chinese Nationalisms and Female Subjectivities in the Early Twentieth Century,” American Historical Review 106.3 (June 2001): 765-803 [E-reserve] Ono, Kazuko, Chinese Women in a Century of Revolution, “Women in the 1911 Revolution,” pp. 70-92. Response:

Thurs, Nov 18 Modern Women: Think Family Life Read: Daughter of Han.

Fri, Nov 19: Short Paper Due

Nov 23-25 Thanksgiving Break

Tues, Nov 30 May Fourth: Shanghai 1919 Read: Wasserstrom, Jeffrey N (1992).. “The Evolution of the Shanghai Student Repertoire; or, Where Do Correct Tactics Come From?” In Wakeman, ed, Shanghai Sojourners, 108-44 Goodman, Bryna (1992). “New Culture, Old Habits: Native Place Organization and the May Fourth Movement,” in Wakeman, ed. Shanghai Sojourners, pp 76- 107 J. Dennerline, “He Baoren, Shanghai 1919" (2010), excerpt.

Thurs, Dec 2 May Fourth: A New Culture Rediscovers the Old Read: , “ (1921),” “A Call to Arms” (1922), and “A New Year’s Sacrifice” (1924), transcribed from Selected Stories of Lu Hsun. [On line at Marxists Internet Archives, http://www.marxists.org/archive/lu-xun/index.htm]

Tues, Dec 7 Student Presentations

Thurs, Dec 9 Student Presentations

Tues, Dec 14 Student Presentations

Fri, Dec 17: Term Paper Due