173 Botanic Gardens, Glasnevin, from Clontarf in 1837. Evidently yellow-fruited yew was distributed around Irish T gardens. Elwes & Henry noted a tree ‘in an avenue of old Tanacetum yews’ at Ardsallagh, Co. Meath, and ‘several trees’ at . Powerscourt including one 40ft tall (in 1888). refs: Gard. chron. 4 (1888): 576, 707; Walsh, Ross & Nelson, An T. parthenium ‘Rowallane’ Irish florilegium (1983), 106-108; Nelson & Walsh, Trees of syn: Chrysanthemum parthenium ‘Rowallane’ Ireland (1993), 225, 234; Nelson, An Irish flower garden Annual, stems brown, foliage dark; flowers white, double. (1984), 18; Elwes & Henry, Trees of GB & Ireland (1906), Origin: arose at Rowallane, Saintfield, Co. Down; a sterile 114; Baxter, The eternal yew (1992), 53. which does not self-sow. illusts: An Irish florilegium (1983), plate 19; Trees of Ireland ref: Cotswold Garden Flowers catalogue 1998, 43. (1993), plate 29.

❀❀❀ T. baccata ‘Pseudo-procumbens’ unknown syn. T. baccata var. procumbens (of Hornibrook) Taxus Low-growing, compact bush with a rounded top and pendulous Taxaceae. Yew. branches ‘in thick, compact layers’; a female clone. Origin: the origin is not recorded by Hornibrook, but he T. baccata ‘Adpressa Variegata’ noted a ‘fine specimen’ in the National Botanic Gardens,c. 1860 Tree with lax branches and ascending shoots, variegated Glasnevin, Dublin, 3 feet tall and 7 feet across. with yellow or yellowish-white. ref: Hornibrook, Dwarf conifers (1939), 2nd ed.), 241. Origin: this was either raised at the Royal Dublin Society’s Botanic Gardens, Glasnevin, or was distributed from ❀❀❀ Glasnevin, in the 1860s. refs: Krussmann, Manual of cultivated conifers (1985, 2nd ed.), Thuja 282; Elwes & Henry, Trees of GB & Ireland I (1906), 115. Cupressaceae.

T. baccata ‘Fastigiata’ T. occidentalis ‘Caespitosa’ c. 1740 before 1922 Upright tree, with erect (fastigiate) branches, leaves in whorls; Short, very think branches, ‘branchlet sprays’ about 2 inches female clone, producing red fruits. long and 1 inch across, erect; the bush forms a low, flat-topped Origin: from Carrick-na-madadh, on the slopes of Cuilcagh cushion, 12 inches tall and 20 inches across. Mountain, not far from Florencecourt, Co. Fermanagh; Origin: ‘A tiny form’ which Murray Hornibrook found at the found by George Willis c. 1740 – an earlier date that Royal Botanic Gardens, Glasnevin, Dublin. Whether it generally stated, as explained by Nelson (1981a). Philip de originated at Glasnevin or elsewhere is not recorded. Malpas Grey-Egerton informed Charles Darwin that ref: Hornibrook, Dwarf conifers (1939, 2nd. ed), 254.

Old Hugh [sic] Willis of Ahaterourke under Ben Aughlin, T. occidentalis ‘Ericoides Glauca’ before 1939 found two upright yews in the mountain between the syn: T. koraiensis ‘Ericoides Glauca’ Cove and the Ben near Lugahurra Hollow [and] he Foliage glaucous blue in summer, in winter ‘dirty brown-green’. brought one to his landlord. Origin: Murray Hornibrook noted that this ‘form of the var. ericoides’ [sic] was growing at Rostrevor House, ‘in the The mother tree – the original Irish yew – still survives in collection of the late Col. Ross, of Bladensburg’. the woodland near Florencecourt House. ref: Hornibrook, Dwarf conifers (1939, 2nd ed.), 249. This is best propagated by cuttings; when seeds, collected from an Irish yew are sown, a few will come true. T. plicata ‘Irish Gold’ unknown refs: Walsh, Ross & Nelson, An Irish florilegium (1983), syn: T. plicata ‘Zebrina’ of Irish garden; ‘Extra Gold’, ‘Zebrina 106-108; Nelson & Walsh, Trees of Ireland (1993), 221, 225, Extra Gold’ 234; Nelson, ‘The nomenclature and history in cultivation Tree to 10m of more in height; shoots with bright, pale gold of the Irish yew, Taxus baccata ‘Fastigiata’,’ Glasra 5 variegation (flecked, not banded). (1981a): 33-44; —, ‘The Irish yew’, The garden 106 Origin: a mysterious tree, probably of Irish origin, because (1981b): 429-431; Clarke, ‘The Irish yew’, The garden 107 it seems to be quite common in older gardens in Ireland. (1982): 119; Ir. garden 2 (2) (March-April 1993): 11; Generally therein it has been named ‘Zebrina’ although it is Moorea 10 (1993): 35-40; Elwes & Henry, Trees of GB & not that cultivar. Ireland I(1906), 110-111; Baxter, The eternal yew (1992), Alan Mitchell pointed out its distinctive characters, ‘a looser 50-53; Hartzell, The yew tree (1991), 67-68. habit and much paler, brighter gold foliage, with scarcely illusts: An Irish florilegium (1983), plate 19; Glasra 5 (1981a): any green bars.’ John Bond of Savill Garden, Windsor Great figs 2-5 (including old photographs); Ir. garden 2 (2) park, Berkshire had suggested calling it ‘Irish Gold’ about (March-April 1993): 11; Irish postage stamp 1 March 1984; 1966, and this name has recently been published by Roy Baxter, The eternal yew (1992), 51. Lancaster. John Bond obtained a plant from Geoffrey Pilkington in T. baccata ‘Lutea’ 1960 (as ‘Zebrina’); Pilkington had obtained it several years1817 syn: T. baccata var. fructu-luteo earlier from Ireland. Fruits with amber-yellow arils, branches spreading and often It is interesting to note that Elwes & Henry (Trees of GB & somewhat pendulous. Ireland I (1906), 184) make not mention of any variants – Origin: from two gardens on the north side of Dublin, first ‘There is very little variation among the seedlings ...’. noticed in the early 1800s. One tree was in the Bishop of award: AGM Kildare’s property at Glasnevin; this was across the River refs: The garden 121 (1996): 760-761; Hillier manual of trees & Tolka from the Dublin Society’s Botanic Gardens. This tree shrubs (1991, 6th ed.), 649. ‘disappears’, and the second one, growing at Clontarf Castle, illust: The garden 121 (1996): 761. Dublin, a short distance away to the east and nearer the sea, comes into prominence. It was said to have been T. occidentalis ‘Watereri’ before 1923 propagated in 1838, but material was received at the syn: T. watereri, T. occidentalis var. ericoides Watereri 174 ‘A juvenile state of the same type as T. occidentalis var. ericoides, ❀❀❀ but ... distinct ... a low bush of several leading plumose shoots, none of which appears able to support themselves, and flop Torreya about.’ Leaves very thin, heath-like, mostly minute (less than ⅛ Taxodiaceae. inch long), but some ⅜ inch long. Origin: ‘A form growing at Gowran Castle, Co. Kilkenny, and T. nucifera var prostrata before 1923 at Blandsfort’, Co. Offaly, was noted by Hornibrook, and Bush making ‘an almost prostrate mat under 3 feet high by 15 named ‘Watereri’. The origin of the was not feet through’. discovered. Nothing like it was described in Waterer’s Origin: a seedling planted out in the Royal Botanic Gardens, catalogue, according to Hornibrook. Glasnevin, Dublin, and first noted by Hornibrook before refs: Hornibrook Dwarf conifers(1923), 171; — (1939, 2nd ed.), 1923. 250-251. refs: Hornibrook, Dwarf conifers (1923), 183; — (1939, 2nd ed.), 271. ❀❀❀ ❀❀❀ Thymus Lamiaceae. Thyme. Trichomanes Hymenophyllaceae. Killarney fern. T. serpyllum ‘Fermanagh’ See sub-section Ferns before 1985 ‘Free flowering bright violet-purple’ flowers, 2 inches tall. Origin: ‘found recently in Ireland’, but evidently from Co. T. speciosum Fermanagh (see ‘Grandiflora’ below); introduced by syn: T. radicans, T. brevisetum Michael Wickenden, Kircubben, Co. Down. The famous Killarney fern has produced a number of ref: Wickenden A catalogue of herbaceous perennials... Spring variants that have been given separate names by fern 1985: 23. enthusiasts.

T. serpyllum ‘Grandiflorum’ ‘Andrewsii’ c. 1894 early 1800s ‘The flowers are twice the size of those of the type. A good syn: T. radicans Andrewsii thing.’ ‘with narrow and more lance-shaped fronds’; ‘differed from the Origin: collected in the mountains of Co. Fermanagh; usual Kerry form in having winged involucra and fronds propagated and introduced by Daisy Hill Nursery, Newry, lanceolate instead of triangular’. Co. Down. It was one of a group of native plants given Origin: first collected by William Andrews at The names and offered for sale by Thomas Smith in 1894 (see Blackstone, Glen Caragh, Co. Kerry, and hailed as a new also Scabiosa). The coincidence of the Wickenden cultivar is . It was so much sought after by collectors that, as extraordinary, but it is a coincidence. Scully remarked in 1916, it ‘has long since been ref: Nelson & Grills, Daisy Hill Nursery (1998), 145. exterminated in all its known stations.’ Andrews’ plant was cultivated by many people including ❀❀❀ Robert Callwell (of Herbert Place, Dublin), who spoke about its cultivation to the Dublin Natural History Society on 10 Tilia March 1851: Tiliaceae. Lime, Linden. In the year 1842 Mr. Andrews had given him a plant T. rubra ‘Dimond’ having two fronds, one about six inches long, the other1968 Dwarf, slow-growing tree; in 1984 this was 4ft tall and 2¾ feet partially developed. There he placed under a bell-jar ... wide; leaves ‘darker [than ‘Moylinney’] and much more crinkled In the spring of 1845, so luxuriantly has the plant in appearance’. extended that he removed the mass to a larger case. At Origin: a seedling found at Muckamore Forest Nursery, Co. the time there were about twenty fronds, all fully Antrim. This and ‘Moylinney’, occurred in a batch of developed, and presently that beautiful green hue and seedlings raised by Mr Pat Dimond. He sowed seeds, delicacy of texture which are the remarkable gathered at Moylinney, on the Shane’s Castle estate, in characteristics of the plant. Autumn 1968, and these two dwarf seedlings were among about 12,000 seedlings. The seedlings were noticeably refs: Newman, A history of British ferns (1854), 289-296; Br. slower growing than the rest and about 1971 they were fern gaz. 3 (1917): 189; Scully, Flora of Co. Kerry (1916), potted into containers. Until 1976 the two were kept in 360-361; Phytologist 4 (1851): 164-165. containers, but that year Mr Dimond planted them in his illust: Newman, A history of British ferns (1854), 292. own garden, and they remained there for perhaps 6 years, retaining their dwarf habit. They were then transferred to ‘Dilatatum’ 1800s the National Arboretum, Castlewellan, where they still ‘A splendid robust form’. grow. Origin: from Ireland; introduced into cultivation by refs: The garden 109 (1984): 122; Dendroflora 29 (1992): 46. Backhouse of York. illust: The garden 109 (1984): 122. ref: Br. fern gaz. 3 (1917): 189-190.

T. rubra ‘Moylinney’ ‘Proliferum’ 1968 before 1900 Dwarf, slow-growing tree; in 1984 this was 5ft tall, with a ‘bore little plants freely on the frond like Asplenium bulbiferum’. spread of 4ft; leaves ‘pale green, smooth’. Origin: C. T. Druery received this from Frederick Burbidge, Origin: raised at Muckamore Forest Nursery, Co. Antrim, by sometime before 1905; where Burbidge got it is not known. Mr Pat Dimond , the seed being collected at Moylinney, Co. Like many fern variants it was not stable, as Druery noted: Antrim (see ‘Dimond’ above); the original plant is now growing in Castlewellan National Arboretum, Co. Down. ... although we raised several plants from these bulbils, refs: The garden 109 (1984): 122; Dendroflora 29 (1992): 46. no persuasion, either by ourselves or by our friends, illust: The garden 109 (1984): 122. has induced them to follow the parental lead.

175 ref: Br. fern gaz. 3 (1917): 190. ‘large flowers of a golden yellow colour’. Origin: listed by Besant (1915) with other Newry cultivars, ❀❀❀ but I have traced no direct evidence that Thomas Smith raised it. I include it here, with the caveat that it may not be Trillium a Daisy Hill plant. It was not tagged T.S. in catalogue no. 56. Trilliaceae. refs: Nelson, The new plantsman 4 (1997): 98-114; Nelson & Grills, Daisy Hill Nursery (1998), 147. T. grandiflorum f. roseum unknown Flowers pink, single. ‘Goldsmith’ before 1909 Origin: according to Dr Keith Lamb, this variety (maybe ‘Very strong and vigorous, bearing deep yellow flowers with without a name), ‘originated long ago in Smith’s nursery at orange stamens’; ‘deep yellow ... handsome and desirable.’ Daisy Hill, Co. Down’. Origin: Ball (1909) included this among the cultivars refs: The Irish garden 1 (2) (April-May 1992): 14; Nelson, The ‘obtained from Mr. T. Smith’, and I have included it here new plantsman 4 (1997): 98-114; Nelson & Grills, Daisy Hill because of this reference. This is also listed in Irish Nursery (1998), 145-146. gardening 5 (1910: 163) as one of ‘the Newry forms’. It was illust: Nelson & Grills, Daisy Hill Nursery (1998), pl. 8. listed as a speciality about 1906. refs: Ball, ‘Irish notes. Bog bed at Glasnevin’, The garden 73 (26 ❀❀❀ June 1909): 311; Nelson, The new plantsman 4 (1997): 98-114; Nelson & Grills, Daisy Hill Nursery (1998), 147. Trollius Ranunculaceae. Globe flowers. ‘Newry Giant’ before 1897 syn: T. asiaticus ‘Newry Giant’ T. sinensis ‘Daisy Hill’ ‘A seedling with large flower heads of deep orange on stoutc. 1913 ‘The flowers are deep orange and are most distinct on account stems four feet high’; ‘A very tall growing form... with large deep of their long upstanding petaloid anthers. ... 3 feet’. golden yellow flowers’; ‘very handsome with rich golden Origin: from Thomas Smith, Daisy Hill Nursery, Newry, Co. flowers’. Down. ‘The finest form of this plant. ... It flowers towards Origin: from Thomas Smith, Daisy Hill Nursery, Newry, Co. the end of June, when all the other Trollius are over.’ Down; a single plant costs three shillings and sixpence in refs: Nelson, The new plantsman 4 (1997): 98-114; Nelson & 1897. Grills, Daisy Hill Nursery (1998), 146. refs: Nelson, The new plantsman 4 (1997): 98-114; Nelson & Grills, Daisy Hill Nursery (1998), 147. T. sinensis ‘T. Smith’ c. 1900 syn: ‘T. Smith’ ‘Orange Globe’ before 1897 The largest yellow; ‘The finest and largest’. syn: T. asiaticus ‘Orange Globe’ Origin: Most probably selected and introduced by Thomas ‘An advanced form of T. asiaticus, with very deeply-coloured Smith, Daisy Hill Nursery, Newry, Co. Down; listed among flowers’. ‘Specialities new or rare’ in catalogue no. 56. Ball (1909) Origin: most probably from Thomas Smith, Daisy Hill included this among the cultivars ‘obtained from Mr. T. Nursery, Newry, Co. Down, but not tagged ‘T.S.’ in Smith’, and grown at Glasnevin in 1909. catalogues nos. 23 or 56. ‘The finest and largest Trollius yet raised and promises Ball (1909) included this among the cultivars ‘obtained from some seedlings raised from it to be the forerunner of from Mr. T. Smith’, and grown at Glasnevin in 1909. Besant race that will place the other kinds quite in the shade.’ Thus (1915) claimed it was one of the finest cultivars. it is possible that ‘Daisy Hill’ (see above) was a seedling refs: Ball, ‘Irish notes. Bog bed at Glasnevin’, The garden 73 (26 from this earlier cultivar. June 1909): 311; Ir. gardening 10 (1915): 18; Nelson, The refs: Nelson, The new plantsman 4 (1997): 98-114; Nelson & new plantsman 4 (1997): 98-114; Nelson & Grills, Daisy Hill Grills, Daisy Hill Nursery (1998), 146; Ball, ‘Irish notes. Bog Nursery (1998), 147-148. bed at Glasnevin’, The garden 73 (26 June 1909): 311. ‘Orangeman’ before 1909 ‘Citron Queen’ ‘One of the best, a deep rich orange and semi-double,before an 1906 ‘a distinct addition’; ‘semi-double expanding flowers of a advance on the ‘Orange Globe’. distinct clear citron colour.’ Origin: Ball (1909) included this among the cultivars Origin: listed by Besant (1915) with other Newry cultivars, ‘obtained from Mr. T. Smith’, and I have included it here but I have traced no direct evidence that Thomas Smith because of this reference. This is also listed in Irish raised it; ‘Citron Queen’ was included among specialities in gardening 5 (1910: 163) as one of ‘the Newry forms’. I a 1906 catalogue. I include it here, with the caveat that it cannot otherwise confirm that it was raised at Daisy Hill may not be a Daisy Hill plant. Nursery. The cultivar name, however, is so evocative of refs: Nelson, The new plantsman 4 (1997): 98-114; Nelson & Ulster that it is most probably a Newry plant. from Thomas Grills, Daisy Hill Nursery (1998), 146; Ir. gardening 10 Smith, Daisy Hill Nursery, Newry, Co. Down. (1915): 18. refs: Ball, ‘Irish notes. Bog bed at Glasnevin’, The garden 73 (26 ‘Freedom’ June 1909): 311; Nelson, The new plantsman 4 (1997):before 1906 ‘large clear yellow flowers’; ‘pure yellow ... handsome and 98-114; Nelson & Grills, Daisy Hill Nursery (1998), 148. desirable.’ Origin: Ball (1909) included this among the cultivars ‘Prince of Orange’ c. 1905 ‘obtained from Mr. T. Smith’, and I have included it here ‘the flowers are of an intense orange colour throughout’; because of this reference. This is also listed in Irish ‘orange-coloured counterpart [of ‘T. Smith’]’; ‘very large bold gardening 5 (1910: 163) as one of ‘the Newry forms’. It was orange-coloured flowers’. listed as a speciality about 1906. Origin: from Thomas Smith, Daisy Hill Nursery, Newry, Co. refs: Ball, ‘Irish notes. Bog bed at Glasnevin’, The garden 73 (26 Down – tagged (T.S.). . June 1909): 311; Nelson, The new plantsman 4 (1997): refs: Nelson, The new plantsman 4 (1997): 98-114; Nelson & 98-114; Nelson & Grills, Daisy Hill Nursery (1998), 147. Grills, Daisy Hill Nursery (1998), 148.

‘Golden Globe’ ‘Yellow Globe’ before 1902 c. 1900 176 ‘It has the same larger well formed flowers [as ‘Orange Globe’] variants. None of these is likely to survive in gardens today. but the colour is pale yellow.’ Origin: most probably selected and introduced by Thomas T. gesneriana ‘Lutea’ c. 1896 Smith, Daisy Hill Nursery, Newry, Co. Down; ‘the only syn: T. gesneriana var. lutea difference between this and Golden and Orange Globe is the Flowers immense, globe-shaped, rich yellow. colour’. Origin: ‘put into commerce by our firm’ according to refs: Nelson, The new plantsman 4 (1997): 98-114; Nelson & William Baylor Hartland, Ard-Cairn, Cork, but the exact Grills, Daisy Hill Nursery (1998), 148. history of the tulip is not known. It was perhaps found by Hartland in an Irish garden. ❀❀❀ award: AM RHS 1906 (Hartland). refs: Journ. Roy. Hort. Soc. 32 (1906): clv; Hartland, Daffodils & Tropaeolum cottage tulips 1912, 19. Tropaeolaceae. Garden Nasturtium. T. gesneriana ‘Lutea Pallida’ c. 1896 T. majus ‘Margaret Long’ syn: ‘Mrs Keightley’ 1987 Flowers double, apricot (RHS CC 29A-24A, in bud RHS CC 40B), Flowers pale primrose yellow; 18 inches tall. fragrant. Origin: listed by William Baylor Hartland, Ard-Cairn, Cork, Origin: a sport on the old double-flowered red garden and exhibited by Miss Fanny Currey of Lismore, Co. nasturtium, found in 1987 by Miss Margaret Long (d. 1991), Waterford in 1902, but the exact history of the tulip is not who kept it in cultivation for many years before it was known. propagated and distributed. The original old red award: AM RHS 1902 (Currey), AM RHS 1906 (Hartland) nasturtium had been given to her mother before 1930s and refs: Journ. Roy. Hort. Soc. 27 (1902): cxxv; — 32 (1906): clv; was reputed to have come from the National Botanic Hartland, Daffodils & cottage tulips 1912, 18. Gardens, Glasnevin. refs: Nichola Kyle (pers. comm.); Glasra 3 (new series) (1997): ‘Ard-Cairn Pink’ c 1907 58-60; Nelson, An Irish flower garden replanted (1997), Flowers a lovely bright pink, with round petals, 14 inches tall. 199-201; The Irish garden 4 (1) (January-February 1995): Origin: listed by William Baylor Hartland, Ard Cairn, Cork; 31; New, elusive & rare plants 2: 15. its description is identical with ‘Ard-Cairn Red’ (see below) illusts: The Irish garden 4 (1) (January-February 1995), 31 ref: Hartland, List of daffodils and rare tulips 1907, 2. [colour photograph]; An Irish flower garden replanted (1997), plate 17 [watercolour]. ‘Ard-Cairn Red’ c. 1910 note: the cultivar ‘Apricot Twist’ – ‘a real cracker’ – released by Flowers lovely bright pink, glistening, round-petalled; 14 inches Thompson & Morgan (Young Plants) Ltd., in 1997 (Radio tall. Times 294 (3819) (12-18 April 1997): 34) looks Origin: listed by William Baylor Hartland, Ard-Cairn, Cork. indistinguishable. ref: Hartland, Daffodils & cottage tulips 1912, 17.

❀❀❀ ‘Aurantiaca Maculata’ = ‘Orange Globe’

Tsuga ‘Bandmaster’ before 1906 Pinaceae. Hemlock. Flowers golden yellow, emblazoned with red-orange, tipped and feather rose-carmine; 24 inches tall. T. heterophylla ‘June Morley’ Origin: listed by William Baylor Hartland, Ard Cairn,before Cork. 1975 Tree with slender habit, slow-growing, dense, with pendulous refs: Hartland, Daffodils & cottage tulips 1906, 1; — 1912, 17. branches. Origin: a seedling raised at Pubble Forest Nursery, Pubble, ‘Bishop’s Mitre’ before 1906 Co. Fermanagh, and subsequently selected and acquired by Flowers rich orange, edged crimson, large, late; 20 inches tall. Bertie Lowry (d. 1982), Bachelor’s Lodge, Navan, Co. Meath; Origin: listed by William Baylor Hartland, Ard Cairn, Cork. the original tree was growing on the edge of a small refs: Hartland, Daffodils & cottage tulips 1906, 1; — 1912, 17. plantation at Bachelor’s Lodge in the early 1980s. (It was not raised by Bertie Lowry as I stated, incorrectly, in IGPS ‘Bronze King’ c. 1900 newsl. 7.) Flowers rich bronze, striped. This cultivar was registered with the Royal Horticultural Origin: listed by William Baylor Hartland, Ard Cairn, Cork. Society. ref: Hartland, Tulips 1902, 1. refs: IGPS newsl. 7 (January 1983): 4; Welch & Haddow, The world checklist of conifers (1993). ‘Bronze Prince’ before 1912 Flowers bronze, feathered with gold; 18 inches tall. ❀❀❀ Origin: listed by William Baylor Hartland, Ard-Cairn, Cork. ref: Hartland, Daffodils & cottage tulips 1912, 17. Tulipa Liliaceae. Tulips. ‘Bronze Queen’ c. 1900 Flowers rich copper colour or bronze with golden stripes; 18 A considerable number of tulips were named and marketed inches tall. by William Baylor Hartland, Ard-Cairn, Cork, at the end of Origin: listed by William Baylor Hartland, Ard Cairn, Cork. the nineteenth century and the beginning of the twentieth ref: Hartland, Ard-Cairn prize medal tulips 1903-1904, 31. century. Hartland found some of these tulips in Irish gardens, but others he may have raised in his nursery. In ‘Cloth of Gold’ before 1902 few cases does he record an exact origin, although he does Flowers large, cup-shaped, yellow and flaked crimson at base. state, for example in his 1906 catalogue, that ‘We are the Origin: listed by William Baylor Hartland, Ard-Cairn, Cork. original introducer of all the foregoing tulips’. Tulips which refs: Hartland, Daffodils & cottage tulips 1902, 1; — 1912, 17 Hartland claimed are also marked with asterisks. Many of Hartland’s tulips had ‘feathered’ or multicoloured ‘Crimson Globe’ before 1906 blooms suggesting that the cultivars were virus-induced Flowers immense, globe-shaped, velvety crimson with black 177 and gold base; 14 inches tall. refs: Hartland, Daffodils & cottage tulips 1906, 1; — 1912, 19. Origin: listed by William Baylor Hartland, Ard Cairn, Cork. refs: Hartland, Daffodils & cottage tulips 1906, 1; — 1912, 18. ‘Globe of Fire’ before 1912 Flowers glistening orange red with yellow stripes on petals, rich ‘Didieri Alba’ old-gold base; 22 inches tall. c. 1907 Flowers ‘silvery spotless white’; 14 inches tall. Origin: listed by William Baylor Hartland, Ard Cairn, Cork. Origin: listed by William Baylor Hartland, Ard Cairn, Cork; ref: Hartland, Daffodils & cottage tulips 1912, 19. ‘best and purest white tulip extant’. ref: Hartland, Daffodils & cottage tulips 1912, 18. ‘Globosa Grandiflora’ c. 1902 Flowers immense, crimson, ‘very fine’. ‘Elegans Maxima Lutea’ Origin: listed by William Baylor Hartland, Ard-Cairn,c. Cork. 1900 syn: Hartland’s Elegans Maxima Lutea. ref: Hartland, Daffodils & cottage tulips 1902. Flowers yellow, like ‘Eschscholtzia’. Origin: listed by William Baylor Hartland, Ard Cairn, Cork. ‘Globosa Nana’ c. 1902 ref: Hartland, Tulips 1902, 1. Flowers velvety crimson; dwarf. Origin: listed by William Baylor Hartland, Ard-Cairn, Cork. ‘Emerald Gem’ ref: Hartland, Daffodils & cottage tulips 1902. c. 1902 Flowers ‘rich coral shading red’, sea-green at base, petals thick; 18 inches tall. ‘Golconda’ c. 1906 Origin: listed by William Baylor Hartland, Ard-Cairn, Cork. Flowers velvety, crimson; 26 inches tall. refs: Hartland, Daffodils & cottage tulips 1902, 1; — 1912, 18. Origin: listed by William Baylor Hartland, Ard Cairn, Cork. refs: Hartland, Daffodils & cottage tulips 1906; — 1912, 19. ‘Eschscholtzia’ c. 1907 Flowers ‘Eschscholtzia yellow shaded sunset at base; 18 inches ‘Golden Sheen’ c. 1907 tall. Flowers ‘in the way of ‘Eyebright’, but with more colouring Origin: a ‘novelty’, listed by William Baylor Hartland, Ard matter of gold’. Cairn, Cork. Origin: listed by William Baylor Hartland, Ard Cairn, Cork. refs: Hartland, Daffodils & cottage tulips 1907, 19; — 1912, 18. ref: Hartland, Daffodils & tulips 1907, 19.

‘Eyebright’ ‘Golden Spire’ c. 1903 c. 1906 Flowers scarlet and gold, erect, cup-shaped.; perfumed; 14 Flowers with pointed, reflexed orange petals; 24 inches tall. inches tall. Origin: listed by William Baylor Hartland, Ard Cairn, Cork. Origin: listed by William Baylor Hartland, Ard Cairn, Cork. refs: Hartland, Daffodils & cottage tulips 1906; — 1912, 19. ref: Hartland, Ard-Cairn prize medal tulips 1903-1904, 32. ‘Grenadier’ c. 1906 ‘Fairy Queen’ Flowers orange yellow striped and feathers with vermilionc. 1902on Flowers ‘rainbow blend of heliotrope and yellow; 20 inches tall. outer petals; 24 inches tall. Origin: ‘introduced and named by us many years ago’ Origin: listed by William Baylor Hartland, Ard Cairn, Cork. according to William Baylor Hartland, Ard-Cairn, Cork, but refs: Hartland, Daffodils & cottage tulips 1906; — 1912, 19. the exact history of the tulip is not known. It was perhaps found by Hartland in an Irish garden. ‘Illuminator’ before 1903 refs: Hartland, Daffodils & cottage tulips 1902, 1; — 1912, 19. syn: ‘Illuminater’ Flowers yellow, with rich crimson; 24 inches tall. ‘Fireblast’ Origin: listed by William Baylor Hartland, Ard Cairn, c.Cork. 1903 Flowers crimson and gold striped; 14 inches tall. refs: Hartland, Daffodils & cottage tulips 1903, 33; — 1912, 19. Origin: listed by William Baylor Hartland, Ard Cairn, Cork. ref: Hartland, Ard-Cairn prize medal tulips 1903-1904, 32. ‘Indian Prince’ c. 1906 Flowers with pointed petals, ‘rich copper or bronze’ with ‘Firefly’ old-gold centres; 18 inches tall. c. 1902 syn: ‘Firefly Major’, ‘Fire Fly’ Origin: listed by William Baylor Hartland, Ard Cairn, Cork. Flowers fiery orange red, with fine green and gold base; 16 refs: Hartland, Daffodils & cottage tulips 1906; — 1912, 19. inches tall. Origin: listed by William Baylor Hartland, Ard-Cairn, Cork. ‘Ixioides’ before 1900 refs: Hartland, Daffodils & cottage tulips 1902, 1; — 1907, 20. Flowers canary yellow with dark zone at base; 24 inches tall. Origin: listed by William Baylor Hartland, Ard-Cairn, Cork; ‘Firefly Minor’ ‘one of our best’ tulips. c. 1902 Like ‘Firefly’ but only 12 inches tall. award: AM RHS 1901. Origin: listed by William Baylor Hartland, Ard Cairn, Cork. refs: Hartland, Daffodils & cottage tulips 1902; — 1912, 19. ref: Hartland, Ard-Cairn prize medal tulips 1903-1904, 32. ‘John Ruskin’ before 1902 ‘Gipsey Queen’ Flowers salmon-pink, the petals toning bright yellow towardsc. 1903 Flowers dark bronze and gold. the margins, with green base; 18 inches tall. Origin: listed by William Baylor Hartland, Ard Cairn, Cork; Origin: listed by William Baylor Hartland, Ard Cairn, Cork. ‘the earliest of the Old Bizard section, a thorough remnant award: AM RHS May 1904. of Irish gardens.’ refs: Hartland, Daffodils & cottage tulips 1902; — 1912, 19. ref: Hartland, Ard-Cairn prize medal tulips 1903-1904, 32. ‘Kaleidoscope’ c. 1900 ‘Glare of the garden’ Flowers with very broad overlapping petals of pin, deeplyc.1906 syn: T. maculata globosa grandiflora feathered and splashed with maroon red, touched at the points Flowers egg-shaped, rich velvety crimson with deep velvet and with yellow; 16 inches tall. gold base; 16 inches tall. Origin: listed by William Baylor Hartland, Ard Cairn, Cork. Origin: listed by William Baylor Hartland, Ard Cairn, Cork. ref: Hartland, List of new seedling daffodils 1906, 2. 178

‘Koh-i-noor’ ‘Orange Globe ‘ before 1902 before 1902 Flowers rich crimson; 24 inches tall; flowers deep maroon. Flowers rich orange scarlet, with chrome-yellow petal edges, Origin: listed by William Baylor Hartland, Ard-Cairn, Cork. ‘finely maculated with greenish velvet’; 22 inches tall. refs: Hartland, Daffodils & cottage tulips 1902; — 1907, 21. Origin: listed by William Baylor Hartland, Ard Cairn, Cork. ref: Hartland, Daffodils & cottage tulips 1912, 20. ‘La Perle’ c. 1906 Flowers fawn or pinkish, 20 inches tall. ‘Orange King’ before 1906 Origin: a sport from one of Hartland’s other tulips ‘The syn: ‘Oriens’ Fawn’; listed by William Baylor Hartland, Ard Cairn, Cork. Flowers orange-yellow, shade vermilion; 24 inches tall. ref: Hartland, List of new seedling daffodils 1906, 2. Origin: listed by William Baylor Hartland, Ard Cairn, Cork. ref: Hartland, Daffodils & cottage tulips 1912, 20. ‘Leghorn Bonnet’ c. 1898 syn: ‘Pallida Lutea’ ‘Oriens’ = ‘Orange King’ Flowers a ‘delicate straw colour’; 24 inches tall. Origin: ‘our own introduction’, from William Baylor ‘Oriflamme’ before 1900 Hartland, Ard Cairn, Cork. ‘Prince Henry of Prussia’s ‘One of the latest of all, and certainly one of the showiest; the favourite, when in Cork’. colour is a most dazzling shade of orange scarlet; a really good refs: Hartland, Tulips 1902, 1; Daffodils & cottage tulips 1912, variety ...’. 20. Origin: from Ireland perhaps; introduced by Daisy Hill Nursery, Newry, Co. Down. Tom Smith held the entire stock ‘Lutea Pallida’ – see T. gesneriana ‘Lutea Pallida’ of this, but did not raise it, stating in 1906 that it was ‘An old Irish garden tulip’. ‘Mars’ refs: Nelson, The new plantsman 4 (1997): 98-114; Nelsonbefore &1902 syn: Reflexa “Mars”, Tulipa maculata Mars Grills, Daisy Hill Nursery (1998), 148. Flowers glistening scarlet with reflexed outer petals, ‘maculated dark green and gold; 20 inches tall. ‘Othello’ c. 1900 Origin: listed by William Baylor Hartland, Ard-Cairn, Cork. Flowers glistening crimson with black centres. refs: Hartland, Daffodils & cottage tulips 1902; — 1912, 21. Origin: listed by William Baylor Hartland, Ard Cairn, Cork. ref: Hartland, Tulips 1902, 1. ‘Mrs Keightley’ – see T. gesneriana ‘Lutea Pallida’ ‘Picta Aurea’ before 1903 ‘Mrs Moon’ syn: T. billietana ‘Picta Aurea’ before 1902 Flowers ‘a very distinct yellow’, a cottage tulip with ‘the Flowers very rich yellow with ‘dark Ixioides-like blotch at base’; additional good quality of a strong scent which has been likened 16 inches tall. to that of Primroses’; 24 inches tall, with tall, pointed yellow Origin: listed by William Baylor Hartland, Ard Cairn, Cork. pitcher-shaped flower. ref: Hartland, Daffodils & cottage tulips 1912, 18. Origin: claimed as an ‘original introduction’ by William Baylor Hartland, Ard-Cairn, Cork, but the exact history of ‘Pompadour’ c. 1906 the tulip is not known. Simmonds stated that Flowers deep blood-red crimson; 16 inches tall. Origin: listed by William Baylor Hartland, Ard Cairn, Cork. it was first brought to notice of that astute gardener, ref: Hartland, Daffodils & cottage tulips 1912, 20. the late F. W. Burbidge’, who about 1892, bought and planted in Trinity College, Dublin, 300 bulbs which he ‘Royal Visit’ c. 1906 had obtained from a lady amateur garden in the West Flowers with ‘rich vermilion outer petals toning off at the edge of Ireland. Burbidge consulted various recognized as an exquisite rainbow mixture of chrome yellow’; 24 inches authorities and, finding that none knew the variety, he tall. wrote about it in The garden for May 16, 1896, Origin: listed by William Baylor Hartland, Ard Cairn, Cork; illustrating the note with a coloured plate from the ‘We look upon this and ‘Golconda’ as being two of the finest brush of the late H. G. Moon, to who he had sent blooms at Ard-Cairn.’ flowers, and suggesting in the note that the variety refs: Hartland, Daffodils & cottage tulips 1907, 22; — 1912, 21. should be called ‘Mrs Moon’ after the artist’s wife. ‘Shandon Bells’ before 1902 award: FCC RHS (1900). syn: ‘Isabella’ refs: The garden 49 (16 May 1896); Simmonds, ‘Who was who’, Flowers globe-shaped, almond yellow turning rich magenta; 16 Journ. Roy. Hort. Soc. 70 (1945): 75; Simmonds, A inches tall. horticultural who’s who (1948), 40-41; Hartland, Daffodils & Origin: listed by William Baylor Hartland, Ard-Cairn, Cork. cottage tulips 1912, 20; Lamb & Bowe (1995): 179. ref: Hartland, Daffodils & cottage tulips 1912, 21. illust: The garden 49 (16 May 1896): plate 1066. ‘Silver Queen’ before 1902 ‘Nutmeg’ Flowers shaped like a sugar-loaf, creamy white, featheredc. and 1902 Flowers rich bronze shading to old-gold, cup-shaped; 24 inches blotched with pink. tall. Origin: listed by William Baylor Hartland, Ard-Cairn, Cork. Origin: listed by William Baylor Hartland, Ard Cairn, Cork. ref: Hartland, Daffodils & cottage tulips 1912, 21. ref: Hartland, Daffodils & cottage tulips 1912, 20. ‘Spathulata Aurantiaca’ c. 1902 ‘Octoroon’ Flowers brilliant orange with green bases. before 1902 syn: Tulipa billietana ‘Octoroon’, Tulipa picta ‘Octoroon’ Origin: listed by William Baylor Hartland, Ard Cairn, Cork. Flowers globe-shaped, glistening, coppery-red, with star-like ref: Hartland, Tulips 1902, 2. black centre; 18 inches tall. Origin: listed by William Baylor Hartland, Ard Cairn, Cork. ‘Sunset’ before 1902 ref: Hartland, Daffodils & cottage tulips 1912, 18. syn: T. billietana ‘Sunset’ 179 Flowers dazzling fiery red and gold; 16 inches tall. flowers sky-blue, each with 5 corolla lobes; fruit a large pod Origin: listed by William Baylor Hartland, Ard-Cairn, Cork. (like a dumpy broad bean). refs: Hartland, Daffodils & cottage tulips 1902, 1; — 1912, 18. Origin: from Brazil and Uruguay, discovered and introduced into cultivation by John Tweedie. This bloomed ‘The Fawn’ at the Royal Dublin Society’s Botanic Gardens, Glasnevin,c. 1902 syn: ‘Fawn’ Dublin in July 1837, under the care of Ninian Niven. Flowers ‘beautifully shaded’, the colour of ‘a dove or fawn’; 20 was named by Professor William Hooker and inches tall. George Arnott in honour of John Tweedie. Origin: listed by William Baylor Hartland, Ard-Cairn, Cork, ref: Walsh & Nelson, An Irish florilegium II (1988), 94. but the exact history of the tulip is not known. It was illust: Walsh & Nelson, An Irish florilegium II (1988), plate 20. perhaps found by Hartland in an Irish garden. award: AM RHS (May 1903) ❀❀❀ refs: Hartland, Daffodils & cottage tulips 1912, 21; Ir. gardening 1 (1906): 77.

‘The Lizard (Chameleon)’ c. 1906 Flowers ‘rich blend of yellow, purple, bronze, crimson and deep yellow’; 18 inches tall. Origin: listed by William Baylor Hartland, Ard Cairn, Cork. ref: Hartland, Daffodils & cottage tulips 1912, 21.

‘The Moor’ c. 1902 Flowers rich shining crimson, with black blotch at base; 18 inches tall. Origin: listed by William Baylor Hartland, Ard Cairn, Cork. ref: Hartland, Daffodils & cottage tulips 1912, 21.

‘The Nigger’ c. 1898 Flowers rich velvety crimson with jet black base. Origin: listed by William Baylor Hartland, Ard-Cairn, Cork, but the exact history of the tulip is not known. It was perhaps found by Hartland in an Irish garden. ref: Hartland, Daffodils & tulips 1898, 46.

‘The Zebra’ c. 1906 Flowers ‘curious bybloemen’ with a portion of bizarre blood and inky base, feather with yellow, maroon and purple, and suffused violet; 16 inches tall. Origin: listed by William Baylor Hartland, Ard-Cairn, Cork. ref: Hartland, Daffodils & cottage tulips 1912, 21.

‘Tom Smith’ before 1906 syn: ‘T. Smith’ ‘The largest and one of the most striking of all Tulips. The petals are broad towards the base, tapering to a long narrow tip, gracefully recurved. The colour is glistening rosy scarlet, and when the flowers is fully expanded the effect is magnificent.’ Origin: from Daisy Hill Nursery, Newry, Co. Down. In Autumn 1906 this was ‘offered for the first time. A seedling raised here; parentage unknown.’ A bulb cost £1. refs: Nelson, The new plantsman 4 (1997): 98-114; Nelson & Grills, Daisy Hill Nursery (1998), 148.

‘York and Lancaster’ before 1902 Flowers large, shaped like a sugar-loaf, almond yellow, turning to the colour ‘of the York and Lancaster rose’. Origin: listed by William Baylor Hartland, Ard-Cairn, Cork. ref: Hartland, Daffodils & cottage tulips 1912, 21.

‘Zulu King’ c. 1903 Flowers ‘burnt sienna’, 18 inches tall. Origin: listed by William Baylor Hartland, Ard Cairn, Cork. ref: Hartland, Ard-Cairn prize medal tulips 1903-1904, 34.

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Tweedia Asclepiadaceae.

T. caerulea c.1834 syn: coeruleum, Tweedia versicolor. Scrambling herb, with grey-green leaves in opposite pairs;