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El Género Oxypetalum (Apocynaceae) En Uruguay, Nueva Especie Y Clave De Identificación

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El Género Oxypetalum (Apocynaceae) En Uruguay, Nueva Especie Y Clave De Identificación DARWINIANA, nueva serie 8(1): 318-327. 2020 Versión de registro, efectivamente publicada el 19 de junio de 2020 DOI: 10.14522/darwiniana.2020.81.882 ISSN 0011-6793 impresa - ISSN 1850-1699 en línea EL GÉNERO OXYPETALUM (APOCYNACEAE) EN URUGUAY, NUEVA ESPECIE Y CLAVE DE IDENTIFICACIÓN Andrés González1 & Héctor A. Keller2,3 1 Departamento de Botánica, Museo Nacional de Historia Natural, 25 de mayo 582, CP 11000, Montevideo, Uruguay. 2 Instituto de Botánica del Nordeste, IBONE-CONICET, Sargento Juan Bautista Cabral 2131, CC 209, 3400 Corrientes, Corrientes, Argentina; [email protected] (autor corresponsal). 3 Facultad de Ciencias Forestales, Universidad Nacional de Misiones, Bertoni 124 km 3, 3380 Eldorado, Misiones, Argentina. Abstract. González, A. & H. A. Keller. 2020. The genus Oxypetalum (Apocynaceae) in Uruguay, a new species and a key for identification. Darwiniana, nueva serie 8(1): 318-327. Based on herbarium material collected in Rivera, Uruguay, a species new to science, Oxypetalum brussae H.A. Keller & A. González is described and illustrated here. The species is similar in its vegetative and floral morphology to Oxypetalum teyucuarense Farinaccio & H.A. Keller. The new species allows the list of taxa of the genus for Uruguay to be increased to 19, three of which are endemic to this country. Keywords. Asclepiadoideae; new taxon; Oxypetalinae; taxonomy. Resumen. González, A. & H. A. Keller. 2020. El género Oxypetalum (Apocynaceae) en Uruguay, nueva especie y clave de identificación. Darwiniana, nueva serie 8(1): 318-327. Sobre la base de muestras recolectadas en Rivera, Uruguay, se describe e ilustra Oxypetalum brussae H.A. Keller & A. González, una especie nueva para la ciencia. La especie es similar en su morfología vegetativa y floral a Oxypetalum teyucuarense Farinaccio & H.A. Keller. La nueva especie permite elevar a 19 la lista de taxones del género para Uruguay, tres de los cuales son endémicos del país. Palabras clave. Asclepiadoideae; nuevo taxón; Oxypetalinae; taxonomía. INTRODUCCIÓN 1943; Farinaccio, 2004; Fontella Pereira et al., 2004, 2010; Marquete et al., 2007; Ezcurra Oxypetalum R. Br. constituye uno de los et al., 2008). El número de representantes del dos géneros de mayor riqueza específica entre género se ha incrementado en la última década, las Apocynaceae - Asclepiadoideae del Nuevo sobre todo debido a nuevas combinaciones y Mundo, con más de 130 taxones (Endress restablecimientos nomenclaturales (Rapini et et al., 2018). Estas especies se encuentran al., 2011; Liede & Meve, 2015) y al hallazgo de distribuidas desde el centro de la Argentina nuevos representantes, principalmente en el Cono hasta México, pero con mayor diversidad Sur de América del Sur (Farinaccio & Keller, en la Argentina, Brasil y Paraguay (Meyer, 2014; Keller, 2015, 2020; Keller & Funez, 2017; Original recibido el 26 de marzo de 2020, aceptado el 21 de mayo de 2020 Editor Asociado: Fernando Biganzoli 318 A. GONZÁLEZ & H. A. KELLER. Oxypetalum en Uruguay Martín et al., 2017; González et al., 2018). Para RESULTADOS Uruguay se han mencionado un total de 17 especies (Ezcurra et al., 2008, González et al., Oxypetalum brussae H.A. Keller & A. 2018; Zuloaga et al., 2019). González sp. nov. TIPO: Uruguay, Rivera, Recientes campañas de recolección efectuadas Paisaje Protegido Valle del Lunarejo, Bajada en el Paisaje Protegido Valle del Lunarejo, de Pena. 20/01/2020, fl, fr, Keller & González en el departamento de Rivera, Uruguay, en el 14079 (holotipo CTES!). Figs. 1 y 2. marco del relevamiento de la flora de Uruguay, permitieron hallar una población de una especie Oxypetalum teyucuarense Farinaccio & H.A. de Oxypetalum R. Br. cuya combinación de Keller affinis sed coronae lobulis tridentatis et caracteres no se ajusta a ningún taxón descripto retinaculo breviore. hasta el presente. Su descripción, sumada a la inminente resurrección de Oxypetalum Sufrútice latescente, vástagos erectos de megapotamicum Spreng. (Keller et al., en prensa), hasta 120 cm de altura; tallos cilíndricos de elevan la riqueza de especies de Oxypetalum de 1,5-2 mm de diám., entrenudos glabrescentes Uruguay a 19 taxones, de los cuales solo cuatro en la base, pubescentes hacia el ápice y en nudos se constituyen de plantas volubles trepadoras, basales, tricomas 2-4 septados, uniseriados, siendo todas las demás erectas o decumbentes. blanquecinos, patentes o adpreso-curvados, de En la presente contribución se describe e ilustra 0,1-0,3 mm de long., con superficie cubierta de la nueva especie, además todas las especies pequeñas prominencias elípticas; entrenudos hasta el presente registradas para el Uruguay se de 1,7-17 cm de long. Hojas opuestas; pecíolos incluyen en una clave y son ilustradas mediante de 3-10 mm, con pubescencia similar a la de fotografías. los nudos; láminas lineares, 4-9 x 0,1-0,7 cm, concoloras, epifilo pubescente con tricomas cortos, 2-3 septados, hipofilo pubescente MATERIALES Y MÉTODOS con numerosos tricomas cortos y en menor cantidad largos pluricelulares; margen entero, En el herbario CTES se estudiaron muestras base redondeada a cordulada con 1-2 coléteres de Oxypetalum teyucuarense Farinaccio & H. A. digitiformes de 0,3-0,5 mm en la cara adaxial, Keller y otras especies afines. Para obtener las ápice agudo, venación broquidódroma imágenes empleadas en el proceso de estudio del con 9-15 pares de nervaduras secundarias. material y para confeccionar las ilustraciones Inflorescencias extra-axilares umbeliformes, correspondientes a la especie que aquí se erectas, alternas, con 2-6 flores; pedúnculos describe se utilizaron una cámara fotográfica de 1,5-7 x 0,6-1 mm, pubescentes; brácteas con alta resolución (Sonny DSC-HX400V) y un filiformes a lineares, pubescentes, de 1,5-3 microscopio estereoscópico (Zeizz Stemi DV4). x 0,2-0,5 mm; pedicelos vinosos de 1,5-6 x El indumento y el polinario fueron examinados 0,5 mm Cáliz dividido hasta cerca de la base; con microscopio óptico (Leica DM500) con tubo de 0,3-0,35 mm de alt. x 0,9-1,1 mm de cámara fotográfica incorporada (ICC50). Para diám.; lóbulos lanceolados, agudos, de 3-3,2 extraer los polinarios y estudiar los caracteres x 0,9-1,1 mm, pubescentes en ambas caras, reproductivos, las flores fueron ablandadas con 3-4 coléteres digitiformes de 0,25-0,3 mm mediante su decocción en agua a 100ºC, en el seno, del lado interno. Corola con tubo correspondiendo por lo tanto las dimensiones campanulado, 2,8-3 mm de alt. x 3-4 mm descriptas al material rehidratado. de diám., superficie externa pubescente, La terminología botánica empleada sigue a lóbulos verde-amarillentos, oblongo-ovados la obra de Font Quer (1993). La diagnosis se 7-7,2 x 2,6-2,7 mm, retorcidos, pubescentes redactó en latín expresando en el menor espacio abajo, glabros arriba. Corona crema o lilácea; posible los caracteres diferenciales de la especie lóbulos lanceolados de 4,2-4,4 x 1,8-1,9 mm, (Stearn, 2006). soldados a la base del ginostegio, divididos 319 DARWINIANA, nueva serie 8(1): 318-327. 2020 Fig. 1. Oxypetalum brussae. A, rama florífera. B, tricoma de la hoja. C, flor. D, pieza de la corona en cara ventral. E, polinario. (Dibujos de Héctor A. Keller, del Holotipo). 320 A. GONZÁLEZ & H. A. KELLER. Oxypetalum en Uruguay Fig. 2. Oxypetalum brussae. A, ambiente. B, hojas basales. C, flores. D, frutos simples y geminados. E, semillas en el fruto. (Fotos de Andrés González). Figura en color en la versión en línea http://www.ojs.darwin.edu.ar/ index.php/darwiniana/article/view/882/1180 321 DARWINIANA, nueva serie 8(1): 318-327. 2020 en el ápice en dos dientes laterales de 1,8-2 x (Apocynaceae), Calea clematidea Baker 0,25-0,3 mm, y un diente interno de 0,9-1 x (Asteraceae) y Acalypha communis Müll. Arg. 0,3-0,35 mm del cual se proyectan dos costas (Euphorbiaceae), en un área restringida de ventrales hasta la base del lóbulo. Ginostegio aproximadamente 4000 m2. sésil. Anteras 0,8-0,9 x 0,65-0,75 mm, membrana apical ovada de 0,95-1 x 0,8- Fenología y estado de conservación. 0,9 mm. Retináculo oblongo-oblanceolado, Florece en diciembre-febrero, fructifica en 0,50-0,51 x 0,09-0,1 mm, ápice truncado, enero-marzo. Según los criterios de IUCN caudículas traslúcidas de 0,12-0,14 x 0,18- (2019), la especie puede ser considerada en 0,19 mm con espesamientos opacos en Peligro Crítico (CR-B2[a]) debido a que sólo la base y en el borde externo, este último se conoce una población en una pequeña área rematando en un diente curvo, exerto de ca. que en la actualidad se encuentra incluida 0,12 mm, polinios reniformes de 0,39-0,4 x en el Sistema Nacional de Áreas Protegidas 0,15-0,16 mm. Cabeza estilar pentalobulada, de Uruguay. Las principales amenazas que convexa, de 0,5-0,6 x 0,95-1 mm, apéndice presenta la especie es el pisoteo y consumo estigmático blanco, carnoso, exerto, de 6-6,5 por parte de ganado, así como el efecto de x 0,8-1 mm, bifurcado en el tercio distal incendios intencionales con consecuencias en dos ramas crasas, conniventes y algo desconocidas sobre la población. Después de retorcidas, de 1,9-2 x 0,5-0,6 mm, porción Oxypetalum nigricans (Decne.) Liede & Meve basal indivisa de 2,8-3,1 x 0,8-1 mm. Ovario y O. marchesii C. Ezcurra & A. González, O. dialicarpelar ca. 1,8 x 1,5 mm. Folículos verde- brussae H.A. Keller & A. González es la tercera amarillentos, fusiformes, agudos, rectos o algo especie del género endémica de Uruguay. curvados, de 7-10 x 1-1,5 cm, con frecuencia geminados en cuyo caso son divergentes en Observaciones taxonómicas.
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