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Arabic Literary Journalism As a Stand-Alone Art Form in Arabic and Only One in English, Which Examines the Reasons for Its Scarcity

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Arabic Literary Journalism As a Stand-Alone Art Form in Arabic and Only One in English, Which Examines the Reasons for Its Scarcity United Arab Emirates University Scholarworks@UAEU Philosophy Dissertations Philosophy 11-2017 Negotiating the Intersection of Arabic and Angloamerican Literary Journalism: Exploring Possibilities, Challenging Canons Samah Gomaa Mohamed Marzouk Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.uaeu.ac.ae/philosophy_dissertations Part of the Journalism Studies Commons Recommended Citation Marzouk, Samah Gomaa Mohamed, "Negotiating the Intersection of Arabic and Angloamerican Literary Journalism: Exploring Possibilities, Challenging Canons" (2017). Philosophy Dissertations. 9. https://scholarworks.uaeu.ac.ae/philosophy_dissertations/9 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Philosophy at Scholarworks@UAEU. It has been accepted for inclusion in Philosophy Dissertations by an authorized administrator of Scholarworks@UAEU. For more information, please contact [email protected]. iii Copyright Copyright © 2017 Samah Gomaa Mohamed Abou Marzouk All Rights Reserved vii Abstract Literary journalism is an art form that combines storytelling techniques with the veri- fiability of standard journalism. Research in the field is recent and predominantly Western. Unlike Anglo-American literary journalism, there are no studies on Arabic literary journalism as a stand-alone art form in Arabic and only one in English, which examines the reasons for its scarcity. This study aims to prove otherwise. The objec- tive of this research is to combine history and criticism in exploring Arabic literary journalism; examine its predecessors, characteristics, motives and how it relates to its Anglo-American counterpart; and determine whether the two are fundamentally dif- ferent or show any parallels. This study will not only illuminate the Arabic side, thereby providing a fresh perspective on several texts, but will also help deepen the understanding and appreciation of literary journalism as a global phenomenon rather than a Western one. Theories and definitions by such Anglo-American scholars in the field as Norman Sims, Thomas Connery, John Hartsock, Ben Yagoda, Kevin Kerrane, Mark Kramer, Barbarah Lounsberry, and Tom Wolfe will be utilized as a backdrop to analyze the style and purpose of a sample consisting of pieces written by 24 established Arab journalists and/or literary figures across different eras. The re- search will also benefit from a small group of theories relating to humor studies, so- ciolinguistics, literature, and definitions of literary journalism as provided by certain Arab journalism scholars such as Mar’e Madkour and Mohammed Sayed Moham- med. This study will ultimately contribute to current debates about international lit- erary journalism in addition to introducing a new field of study to the Arab region, one that provides a better interpretation for texts that possess both literary and jour- nalistic qualities. Keywords: Arabic literary journalism, Anglo-American literary journalism, Litera- ture, Journalism, History, Criticism. viii Title and Abstract (in Arabic) تداول نقطة التداخل بين الصحافة اﻷدبية العربية واﻻنجلو-أمريكية: سبر اﻻمكانيات وتحدي المعايير الملخص ﺗﻌﺘﺒ�����ﺮﺮﺍﻟﺼ�����ﺤﺎﻓﺔ ﺍﻷﺩﺑﻴ�����ﺔ ﺷ�����ﻜﻼً ﻓﻨﻴ�����ﺎً ﻳﺠﻤ�����ﻊ ﺑ�����ﻴﻦ ﺗﻘﻨﻴ�����ﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺴ�����ﺮﺩ ﺍﻟﻘﺼﺼ�����ﻲ ﻭ ﺍﻟﺪﻗ������ﺔ ﺍﻟﺼ������ﺤﺤﻴﺔ. ﻏﻴ������ﺮﺮﺍﻥﺮﺍﻟﺒﺤ������ﻮﺙﺙﺍﻟﻌﻠﻤﻴ���� ﺔ�� ������ﻮﻝﻝﻝ������ﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﺍﺠ������ﺎﻝﻝﻝﺪﻳﺜ������ﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﻬ������ﺪ ﻭﺗﻘﺘﺼ�����ﺮﺮﻓ�����ﻲ ﻤﻠﻬ����ﻋﻠ ﺎ������ﻰ ﺍﻟﺼ�����ﺤﺎﻓﺔ ﺍﻷﺩﺑﻴ�����ﺔ ﻓ�����ﻲﻲﺍﻟﻐ�����ﺏﺏ.ﺏﻋﻠ�����ﻰ ﻋﻋ�����ﺲﺲﺍﻟﺼ�����ﺤﺎﻓﺔ ﺍﻷﻧﻷﻠ������ﻮ ﺃﻣﻣﻳﻜﻴ������ﺔ،،ﻻ،ﺗﺘ������ﻮﻓﺮ ﺃﻱ ﺩﺭﺍﺳ������ﺎﺕﺕﺑﺎﻟﻠﻐ������ﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺑﻴ������ﺔ ﺗﺘﻨ������ﺎﻭﻝﻝﺍﻟﺼ������ﺤﺎﻓﺔ ﺍﻷﺩﺑﻴ������ﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺑﻴ�����ﺔ ﺑﺎﻋﺘﺒﺎﺭﻫ�����ﺎ ﺃﺳ�����ﻠﻮﺑﺎً ﻛﺘﺎﺑﻴ�����ﺎً ﻣﺴ�����ﺘﻘﻼً ﺑﺤ�����ﺪ ﺫﺍﺗ�����ﻪ. ﺇﺿ�����ﺎﻓﺔ ﺇﻟ�����ﻰ ﺫﻟ�����ﻚ، ﻻ ﺗﻮﺟ�����ﺪ ﺳ������ﻮﻯ ﺩﺭﺍﺳ����� �ﺔ ﻭﺍ ������ﺪﺓ ﺑﺎﺠﻧﺠﻠﻴﺰﻳ���� ﺔ�� ﻔﺎﺩﻫ������ﺎ ﺍﻥ ﺍﻹﻧﺘ������ﺎﺝ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺑ������ﻲﻲﻓ������ﻲﻲﻲ������ﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﺍﺠ������ﺎﻝﻝ ﺷ�����ﺤﻴﺢ. ﻭﻋﻠﻴ�����ﻪ،،ﺗﻬ�����ﺪﻑ ﺍ ﻁ ﻭﺣ�����ﺔﺮﺍﻟﺮﺍﺮﻨ�����ﺔ ﺍﻟ�����ﻰ ﺗﻘ�����ﺪﻳﻢﻢﻢ�����ﺎ ﻳﺒ�����ﻴﻦﻦﻋﻋ�����ﺲﺲﺫﻟ�����ﻚﻚ ﻣ�����ﻦﻦ ﺧ������ﻼﻝ ﺍ ﺘﻘﺼ������ﺎء ﺗ������ﺎﺭﻳﺦ ﺍﻟﺼ������ﺤﺎﻓﺔ ﺍﻻﺩﺑﻴ������ﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺑﻴ����� �ﺔ ﻭﺃ ������ﺎﻟﻴﺐﺐﻧﻘ����ﺪ��ﻫﺎﻫﻭﺧﺼﺎﺋﺼ������ﻬﺎﻬ ﻭﺭﻭﺍﺩﻫ�����ﺎ، ﻭﺃﺳ�����ﺒﺎﺏ ﻧﺸ�����ﺄﺗﻬﺎ ﺃﻳﻀ�����ﺎً. ﻛﻤ�����ﺎ ﺗﺘﻄ�����ﺮﻕ ﺍﻟﺪﺭﺍﺳ�����ﺔ ﺃﻳﻀ�����ﺎً ﺇﻟ�����ﻰ ﺗﺤ�����ﺮﻱ ﻋﻼﻗ�����ﺔ ﺍﻟﺼ���������ﺤﺎﻓﺔ ﺍﻷﺩﺑﻴ���������ﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺑﻴ���������ﺔ ﺑﻈﻨﻴﺮﺗﻬ���������ﺎ ﺍﻻﻧﺠﻠ���������ﻮ ﺃﻣﻣﻳﻜﻴ���������ﺔ،،،���������ﺪﻱ ﺗ ﻘﺎﺭﺑﻘﻤ�������ﺍﻭ ﺎ�� ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻓﻬﻤ������ﺎ. ﻤ������ﺎﻻ،،ﻻ،ﺗﻬ������ ﻑﺪ ������ﺬﺬﺬﺍﻟﺪﺭﺍﺳ������ﺔ ﺍﻟ����� �ﻰ ﺗ ����ﻠ��ﻴﻂﻂﺍﻟﻀ������ﻮء ﻋﻠ������ﻰ ﺍﻟﺠ������ﺰء ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺑ�����ﻲﻲﻭﺍﻟﻨﻈ�����ﺮﺮﺍﻟ�����ﻰ ﻤﻮﻋ��� ﺔ�� �����ﻦﻦﺍﻟﻨﺼ�����ﻮﺹﺹﺹ�����ﻦﻦﻦﻨﻈ�����ﻮ ﺭ ﺪﻳ�����ﺪ ﻓ �����ﻂ. ﺑ�����ﻞﻞﺗﻬ�����ﺪﻑ ﺍﻳﻀ�����ﺎ ﺍﻟ�����ﻰ ﺗﻌﻰﻳ��� ��ﺍ ﺍﻟﺍ �����ﻢﻢﺑﻬ�����ﺬﺍ ﺍﻟ�����ﻨﻤﻂﻂﺍﻟﻜﺘ�����ﺎﻋﻠﻲﻲﺑ�����ﻰ ﺍﻟﻤﺴ�����ﺘﻮﻯ ﺍﻹﻧﻹ����ﺎﺎﻭﻟﻲﻲﻧ�����ﻴﺲ ﻓ �����ﻂﻂ ﺍﻟﻐﻐﺑﻲ. ﺗﺴ������ﺘﻨﺪ ﺍﻟﺪﺭﺍﺳ������ﺔ ﺍﻟﺍﺎﻟﻴ����� �ﺔ ﺔﻠ����� �ﻰ ﻧﻈ ﻳ������ﺎﺕﺕﺍﻟﺼ������ﺤﺎﻓﺔ ﺍﻷﺩﺑﻴ������ﺔ ﻭﻣﻔ������ﺎﻫﻴﻢﻢﻭﺿ����ﻌ��ﻬﺎﻬﻧﻘ������ﺎﺩ ﻭﻋﻠﻤ��������ﺎء ﺃﻧﺠﻠ��������ﻮ-ﺃﻣﻣﻳﻜﻴ�������� ﻥﻮ ﺜ��������ﻞ ﻧﻮﺭﻣ��������ﺎﻥ ﺳ��������ﻴﻤﺰ، ﺗﻮﻣ��������ﺎﺱ ﻛﻮﻧ��������ﻮﺭﻱ، ﺟ��������ﻮﻥ ix ﻫﺎﺭﺗﻫ�������ﻮﻙ،،ﺑ�������ﻫ ﻳ�������ﺎﺟﻮﺩﺍ، ﻛﻴﻔ�������ﻴﻦ ﻛ�������ﺮﻳﻦﻦ ﻣ�������ﺎﺭﻙ ﻛﺮﻳﻤ�������ﺮﺮ ﺑﺎﺭﺑ�������ﺎﺭﻩ ﻻﻭﻧﺰﺑﻴ�������ﺮﻱﺮ ﻭﺗ�����ﻮﻡ ﻭﻭﻟ�����ﻒ. ﺣﻴ�����ﺚ ّﺃﻥ ﻟﻬ�����ﺬﺬ ﺍﻟﺍﺍ�����ﺎﻫﻴﻢ ﻭﺍﻟﻨﻈﺮﻳ�����ﺎﺕﺮﺩﻭﺭﺍ ً ﻫﺎﻣ�����ﺎ ً ﻓ�����ﻲ ﺗﺤﻠﻴ�����ﻞ ﺃﺳ�����ﻠﻮﺏ ﻭﺃﻏ�����ﺮﺍﺽ ﻧﻤ��� ��ﺎﺫﺫ ﺘ�����ﺎﺭﺓ ﻛﺘﺒ�����ﺖﺖﺖ�����ﻦﻦﻗﺒ�����ﻞﻞﺃﺭﺑ�����ﻊ ﻭﻋﺸ�����ﺮﻭﻭ ﻛﺎﺗﺒﺎ/ﻛﺎﺗﺒ�����ﺔ ﻋﺮﻓ�����ﻮ ﺍ �����ﻦﻦ ﺧ��������ﻼﻝﻝﺃﻋﻤ�������ﻟﺎ�ﻬﻬﻬﻓ��������ﻲ ��������ﺎﻝﻝﺍﻟﺼ��������ﺤﺎﻓﺔ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻻﺩﺏ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺑ��������ﻲﻲﻋﺒ��������ﺮﺮﻓﺘ��������ﺮﺍﺕ ﻨﻴ��������ﺔ ﻣﻣﺘﻠﻔ��������ﺔ. ﻛﻤ��������ﺎ ﺳ��������ﺘﺘﻄﺮﺮ ﺍﻟﺪﺭﺍﺳ��������ﺔ ﺇﻟ��������ﻰ ﻣﻣﻤﻮﻋ��������ﺔ ﻣ��������ﻦ ﺍﻟﻨﻈﺮﻳ��������ﺎﺕﺮﺫﺍﺕﺕﺍﻟﺼ��������ﻠﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﻔﻜﺎﻫ��������ﺔﻫﻭﺍﻻﺩﺏ ﻭﻋﻠ��������ﻢ ﺍﻟﻠﻐﻮﻳ��������ﺎﺕ ﺍﻻﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻴ��������ﺔ ﺇﺇ��������ﺎﻓﺔ ﺇﻟ��������ﻰ ﻣﻔ��������ﺎﻫﻴﻢ ﺍﻟﺼ��������ﺤﺎﻓﺔ ﺍﻷﺩﺑﻴ������ﺔ ﺍﺳ������ﺘﻨﺎﺩﺍ ً ﺇﻟ������ﻰ ﺑ������ﺎﺣﺜﻴﻦ ﻋ������ﺮﺏ ﻣﺜ������ﻞ ﻋ������ﻲ ﻣ������ﺪﻛﻮﺭ ﻭﻣﺤﺤ������ﺪ ﺳ������ﻴﺪ ﻣﺤﺤ������ﺪ. ﺳ������ﻴﻜﻮﻥ ﻟ ������ﺬﺬﺬﺍﻟﺪﺭﺍﺳ���� ﺭﻭﺩ ﺔ�� ������ﺎﻡ ﻓ������ﻲﻲ ﺍﻟﺍﻨ������ﺎﻅﺠﺍﺠﺭﺎﺠﻟﺍﻳ���� ﺔ�� ������ﻮﻝﻝﺍﻟﺼ������ﺤﺎﻓﺔ ﺍﻷﺩﺑﻴ������ﺔ ﻤﻟﻌﺎﻟﻤﻴ�����ﺔ ﻛﻤ���� ﺘ ﺎ� �����ﻬﻬﻬﻓ�����ﻲﻲﺗﻘ�����ﺪﻳﻢﻢﻣ�����ﻨﻬﺞﻬﺑﺤﺜ�����ﻲﻲﻲﺪﻳ�����ﺪ ﻣﻨﻔﺼ�����ﻞﻞﺑﺬﺍﺗ�����ﻪﻪ ﺑﺈﻣﻜﺎﻧ�����ﻪﻪﺗ�����ﻮﻓﻴﻣﻣ ﺗﻔﺴﻴﺮﺍﺕ ﺃﻓﻀﻞﻞﻟﻠﻨﺼﺍﻮﺹﺹﻮﺘﻲﻲﺗﺠﻤﻊﻊﺑﻴﻦﻦﺍﻟﺼﺤﺎﻓﺔ ﻭﺍﻻﺪﺣﺣﺎﺣﺎﺎﺎﺣﺣﺣ.ﺪﺣﺍﻭﺣﺣﺣﺣﺣﺣﺣﺣﺣﺣﺣﺣﺣﺣﺣ مفاااا يل البحاااي الر ي اااية: ﺍﻟﺼ���ﺤﺎﻓﺔ ﺍﻷﺩﺑﻴ���ﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺑﻴ���ﺔ،،ﺍﻟﺼ���ﺤﺎﻓﺔ ﺍﻷﺩﺑﻴ���ﺔ ﺍﻻﻧﺠﻠ���ﻮ ﺃﻣﻣﻳﻜﻴ���ﺔ،، ﺍﻻﺩﺏﺏ، ﺍﻟﺼﺍﺎﻓﺔ،،ﺍﻟﺘﺎﺭﻳﺦ،،ﺍﻟﻨﻘﺪ. x Acknowledgements In the name of God I shall begin, Besm El-lah. I would first like to express my gratitude to my ridiculously large family, the building blocks of my being. Without their love, encouragement and constant nagging, this enterprise would have surely failed. Mama, baba, my bonus mama and baba; Khalto Wasfiya and ‘ammo Mohammed. My siblings, nieces and nephews, sisters and brothers in law, my friends – I am forever grateful to you lot! My wonderfully patient husband Anas, he endured a fair amount of tears, solo family trips and poorly prepared meals and did so with a big smile on his face. I love you to the moon and back. To my supervisor, Prof. Ali Noor for rescuing me when I needed it, and always believing in my abilities. To Dr. Doris Hambuch for a constant supply of sound advise. To Prof. Manfred Malzahn for introducing me to literary journalism and challenging me on daily basis – our directed reading classes fueled my understanding of the form, his difficult questions inspired me to think outside the box. For that and so much more I thank him. To Dr. Fadwa Al Mughairbi, Assistant Dean for Research and Graduate Studies, and Dr. Sami Boudelaa, CHSS PhD program coordinator at the United Arab Emirates University for stepping in and saving the day on various occasions. To Dr. John Hartsock for his comments on my thesis – tackling this grand and terrifying subject matter would not have been feasible if it wasn’t for his example in A History of American Literary Journalism. xi To my fellow doctoral students for their feedback, cooperation and of course friend- ship. Rick, Wissal, Shamsa, Amna, Muna and Ahmed – it has been a long journey but we made through to the other side, together. I saved the best for last, to my children – Saif and Salam. I want to thank you for understanding when sometimes mommy missed play time , meal time or school time because she had to work. It’s been a long and hard ride for all of us, but mom did it so you would know - you can do it too. xii Dedication To my eternal cheerleader: Mama – for her boundless love and support xiii Table of Contents Title ..................................................................................................................................... i Declaration of Original Work ........................................................................................... ii Copyright ......................................................................................................................... iii Advisory Committee ......................................................................................................... iv Approval of the Doctorate Dissertation ............................................................................. v Abstract ........................................................................................................................... vii Title and Abstract (in Arabic) ........................................................................................ viii Acknowledgements ............................................................................................................ x Dedication ......................................................................................................................
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