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LE MONDE/PAGES<UNE> LE MONDE DES LIVRES VENDREDI 21 SEPTEMBRE 2001 DOSSIER PAUL Littérature du chaos OTCHAKOVSKY- avec Jean Grégor, LAURENS Philippe Hermann, page VIII Yannick Haenel, Doris Lessing et Iegor Gran page II CATHERINE LÉPRONT J. M. COETZEE RUDYARD KIPLING HEIDEGGER EN FRANCE a page III page IV page VI page IX Hoda Barakat, L’étoffe des souvenirs A l’entendre parler, avec ses dont le héros, Khalil, un jeune chii- thousiasmant pour une langue, si vont devenir un troisième sexe. Un mains qui dansent et ses yeux te, très beau, homosexuel, est len- Voilà près de douze ans vieille et si neuve à la fois, qui a mélange de moi et des hommes », d’aube pâle, on croirait pour de tement happé par la spirale de la « la faculté inouïe de rebondir d’un suggère-t-elle. bon qu’elle déteste Beyrouth. La violence et se métamorphose, au que Hoda Barakat a siècle à l’autre », sans se faner et Avant de revenir aux villes, qui « haine immense » est là, comme fil de ses angoisses et de ses désirs, sans vieillir. sont, dit-elle, « comme les gens ». elle dit, de la guerre et de sa comé- en viril seigneur de la guerre. quitté Beyrouth. Pour « Le souci des musulmans, pour Entre Rome ou Paris, ces villes die, des miliciens et des martyrs. Ce Beyrouth où elle est née, en qui l’arabe est la langue du sacré, « arrogantes »,qui« accumulent » l y a des posters sur les « Je suis une mauvaise perdante », 1952, et où elle a grandi, écolière autant la romancière n’existe pas pour moi », ajoute leur patrimoine et leurs richesses murs : le visage de Van Gogh et chez les sœurs puis étu- libanaise ne cesse d’y Hoda Barakat. « C’est une langue et ces autres comme Beyrouth, Icelui de Mahomet, dessiné par diante en lettres à l’uni- presque trop riche »,s’amu- « qui en ont assez et se détruisent », Khalil Gibran. A côté, un tapis aux Catherine Simon versité, ce Beyrouth se-t-elle, précisant qu’il existe, en il y a un abîme. De New York, où couleurs denses, avec des silhouet- disparu, Hoda Barakat revenir à sa manière. arabe, « soixante-dix mots pour dire elle doit se rendre en novembre, tes stylisées, des palmiers, un che- résume-t-elle. Si l’on regarde ne cesse de le fuir, de le dépecer et l’amour – sous toutes ses formes » et pour la première fois, Hoda val rouge. Près du canapé, un ordi- mieux, on trouve aussi, sur les de le reconstruire. « Mes person- En témoigne cette « une bonne vingtaine » pour dési- Barakat est curieuse. « New York, nateur. Et dans la cuisine, une cafe- murs de son appartement parisien, nages sont plus ancrés que moi », gner le sexe féminin. Une langue ce n’est pas une ville, c’est un mon- tière italienne qui chante. Depuis une vue de Beyrouth prise dans les dit-elle, comme en excuse. Dans Le épopée sensuelle et aussi riche que la voix d’Oum de. Avec sa propre vie, avec ses qu’elle a quitté Beyrouth, en 1989, années 1930. Et une photographie Laboureur des eaux, sensuelle et Kalsoum, qu’évoque l’amoureux morts – maintenant. Si New York un jour de bombes, avec ses deux en couleurs du centre-ville, qui puissante épopée dans les ruines puissante dans les ruines ébloui des Illuminés, son deuxième pouvait être comparé à quelque enfants et une valise, Hoda Barakat date des années 1960. A l’époque, d’une ville-mémoire « née sous le roman. Si cette voix le trouble, chose, ce serait à une chose très ne s’entoure plus que d’objets «qui le cœur du Liban battait là : « Kur- signe de Saturne », le personnage d’une ville-mémoire c’est parce que la chanteuse égyp- ancienne, une chose mythologique, ne durent pas, qui sont légers ».Elle des, Suisses, Palestiniens, Français, principal, Nicolas, Grec ortho- tienne « n’était pas une femme, ou comme la tour de Babel. La légende ruines de Beyrouth fait, en somme, comme ses compa- etc., tout le monde s’y côtoyait. doxe, se réfugie dans la cave du Chamsa, la servante kurde, à qui il pas tout à fait ». Sa voix, en effet, et la vie réelle se sont désormais triotes du Liban raillés par le C’était l’ébauche d’un pays. Quand magasin familial, où dorment, raconte, à la façon de Schéhéra- n’appartient pas à un seul sexe : rejointes. Comme pour Beyrouth… personnage du vieux père dans Le j’étais petite, j’étais obsédée par l’en- miraculeusement intacts, des zade, la fabuleuse histoire des tis- « son soprano pouvait atteindre le De ce point de vue, je peux ressem- Laboureur des eaux, son nouveau vie d’aller au centre-ville, j’y pensais stocks de tissus anciens, lin, sus – de la légende des Dogons aux dôme du vagin et son alto le fond bler aux New-Yorkais. » roman, qui préfèrent aux meubles tout le temps, j’étais éblouie. » La velours et soie. Nouveau Robin- psaumes des tisserands chinois, en des testicules ». En fait, songe-t-il, anciens et aux lourdes tentures ces guerre de 1975 a tout balayé. son, l’ancien marchand d’étoffes passant par Colbert, jaloux des rêveur, « dans sa voix, les femmes LE LABOUREUR DES EAUX objets standards « dont on n’hérite « Quand on a tué le centre de survit parmi les gravats et les soieries de Venise, et par Cléram- écoutaient l’homme, et les hommes (Hârith al-Miyâb) pas, volatils, qui ne laissent aucune Beyrouth, chaque territoire s’est hordes de chiens, se nourrissant de bault, auteur d’une savante (et véri- la femme ». Si les héros des de Hoda Barakat. trace. Comme le folklore à la télévi- replié sur lui. Cette ébauche d’un fruits sauvages et de souvenirs. Les dique) étude sur La Passion romans de Hoda Barakat sont des Traduit de l’arabe (Liban) sion nationale ». Hoda Barakat est pays multiple s’est arrêtée », se rap- figures de son père et de sa mère le érotique des étoffes chez la femme. hommes, « ce n’est pas un hasard : par Frédéric Lagrange, une menteuse, bien sûr. pelle l’auteur de La Pierre du rire, hantent, autant que l’amour pour La ville fantôme que parcourt plus je suis éloignée, mieux je peux Actes Sud, 210 p., 16,9 ¤ Nicolas est comme un labyrinthe. composer », explique-t-elle. Mais, (110,85 F). Ou un site archéologique : en grat- en devenant des personnages, ces tant la poussière, on retrouve les hommes n’en sont plus tout à fait e Les Illuminés et La Pierre du rire anciennes rues, les cinémas, les – à l’image d’Oum Kalsoum ? «Ils ont été édités chez Actes Sud. magasins d’avant le néant. Récem- ment, à Beyrouth, de jeunes lec- teurs du Laboureur des eaux ont confié à Hoda Barakat qu’ils avaient tenté de reconstituer, livre a en main, la ville décrite dans le roman. Et qu’ils avaient partielle- ment réussi. « Cela m’a fait d’autant plus plaisir que ce sont des jeunes : ils sont sans nostalgie, ils n’ont pas la mémoire d’un Beyrouth Heidegger, ancien », souligne-t-elle. Elle- même se refuse à la nostalgie. Le Laboureur des eaux – l’expression est tirée d’un texte de Borgès – n’est rien d’autre qu’un « homma- ge au vide », dit-elle, « comme un toast qu’on porte à quelqu’un, avant de s’en aller ». Paru en 1999, à Beyrouth, Le Laboureur des eaux a reçu, en 2000, au Caire, le prix Naguib- Mahfouz – l’un des prix littéraires les plus importants du monde ara- be. Admiratrice de Proust, mais surtout de Musil – « un écrivain génial, qu’on lit comme une chara- de : l’important, ce n’est pas de finir ses livres ou de trouver la solution, mais de comprendre comment il a monté son affaire, comment il a entrepris son projet… » –, la jeune étudiante de Beyrouth n’apprend qu’assez tardivement à « bien parler » l’arabe. Venant d’une « communauté très fermée » de montagnards maronites, elle brûle d’« aller vers les autres », ces « Ara- le Français bes musulmans » si proches et si lointains. Le voyage commence par la langue. Celle des globe-trot- ters et des poètes des IXe et Xe siè- cles, comme Ibn Joubeir, Jahez, Ibn El Moukaffak ou Ibn Hazm. « De nos jours, on parle un arabe qu’on n’écrit pas. Chez ces auteurs anciens, l’écart était moins grand : c’est à cette source que j’ai besoin de retourner », explique-t-elle, s’en- Demandez notre supplément YOSHIKO MURAKAMI POUR « LE MONDE » www.lemonde.fr 57e ANNÉE – Nº 17621 – 7,90 F - 1,20 EURO FRANCE MÉTROPOLITAINE -- VENDREDI 21 SEPTEMBRE 2001 FONDATEUR : HUBERT BEUVE-MÉRY – DIRECTEUR : JEAN-MARIE COLOMBANI Economie mondiale : le choc, les remèdes b « Le Monde » évalue les risques financiers, boursiers et sociaux qui pèsent sur l’économie mondiale b Les Etats-Unis préparent un plan de relance pour lutter contre la récession b Les forces américaines commencent à se déployer dans le Golfe b Le réseau Ben Laden avait élaboré un plan d’attentats plus vaste b Il visait notamment l’ambassade des Etats-Unis à Paris SOMMAIRE b L’enquête et la sécurité : Un plan d’attentats plus vaste était en b L’économie mondiale sous le préparation. Selon nos informa- choc : Alors que la récession amé- tions, l’ambassade américaine à ricaine se confirme, notre dos- Paris était aussi visée par les sier évalue les risques financiers, réseaux de Ben Laden. Aux Etats- boursiers ou sociaux qui pèsent Unis, les défenseurs des libertés PATRICK KOVARIK/AFP sur les économies.
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