MethodsMethods ofof transporttransport andand averageaverage distancesdistances I.I. INTRODUCTIONINTRODUCTION

This document intends to summarise and show, as regards all the Municipalities from Bizkaia, the results obtained from of the European Indicator 1 “Means of transport and average distances travelled in the inter- and intra-municipal commuting”.

This constitutes the first indicator of the “System of Sustainability Indicators of the Municipalities of Bizkaia” and enables the definition of the mobility habits of people in the Territory, and in each Municipality and Region specifically.

As is the case with any Sustainability Indicator, the index tries to gage the municipal and territorial reality as regards the modal distribution of transport and to interpret the trends -sustainable or not- followed over time.

# Estación de control II.II. DEFINITIONDEFINITION r? dicator used fo What is the Ind This indicator analyses and represents the distribution of the means of transport used by the inhabitants of Bizkaia as regards inter- and intra-municipal commuting.

In summary, it enables analysesanalyses and comparison of the prevailing mobility model in the Territory and its Municipalities and thus, to know the percentage of commuting that takes place in the same : According to transport mean According to reason of trip By foot Study Bicycle Work Private vehicle Leisure – social relations

Taxi Shopping or others Collective transport Return

# Estación de control II.II. DEFINITIONDEFINITION r? dicator used fo What is the Ind Likewise, the indicator quantifies:

The average distances covered as regards total commuting in Bizkaia and according to Municipality

The distribution of the inter-municipal commuting or within the municipality itself

# Estación de control III.III. SUSTAINABILITYSUSTAINABILITY CONTEXTCONTEXT

The European indicator 1. is related to the following sustainability criteria or reference objectives to be pursued by any sustainable society :

III. Not to exceed the load capacity and regeneration capacity of the environment

IV. To guarantee the mobility and accessibility to basic services and open areas where the environment is respected

V. To promote an adequate organisation and planning of the municipal territory, based on a balanced use of the land

VI. To foster the diversification of the economy and the use of local resources

# Estación de control IV.IV. CALCULATIONCALCULATION METHODMETHOD calculated ? indicator been c How has the in The methodology proposed by the European Union and applied by Bizkaia has been :

Citizens Survey. The mobility survey that the Transport Consortium of Bizkaia carries out regularly - four every year - for the Territory has been applied.

Year of the data : 1998

Number of interviews : 5,861 families, representing 17,980 individuals.

Data treatment, based on the requirements exacted by the European project.

# Estación de control V.V. RESULTSRESULTS ated ? information trea How was the in The results have been obtained for all of Bizkaia, its most representative Municipalities, and the rest of the Municipalities of the Territory grouped in 9 areas of transport.

MUNICIPALITIES: Amorebieta-Etxano, , , , , , Carranza, Durango, , , , Gernika-Lumo, , , , , Markina-Xemein, , , Orduña, , , , and Sopelana,

AREAS OF TRANSPORT: The rest of Arratia-Nerbioi, Gran Bilbao, Duranguesado, Encartaciones, Gernika-Bermeo, Plentzia-Mungia, and Zona Minera.

Note: Due to lack of data from the Municipalities of the area of Ondarroa-Markina, except for Lekeitio, Markina-Xemein and Ondarroa, these have not been included.

# Estación de control V.V. RESULTSRESULTS ated ? information trea How was the in

The following are some details of the results obtained for the Municipalities of Bizkaia and as regards :

The modal distribution of transport

Average distances covered by residents from each municipality

Inter and intramunicipal commuting according to Municipalities and Areas of Bizkaia

# Estación de control 1.1. ModalModal distributiondistribution ofof transporttransport::

PercentagePercentage ofof commutingcommuting byby footfoot,, privateprivate

vehiclevehicle andand collectivecollective transporttransport

# Estación de control ResultsResults fromfrom BizkaiaBizkaia

Mobility habits, the use of the means of transport and the existing commuting requirements

MODAL DISTRIBUTION (1998): By foot : 43,65% Collective transport : 26,6% Private vehicle : 29,07% Bicycle : 0,09% Taxi: 0,43% Average distance covered per person: 17.76 Km

SUSTAINABILITY ASSESSMENT : ☺☺

# Estación de control ResultsResults fromfrom BizkaiaBizkaia

Main causes or reasons for commuting in Bizkaia

Distribución de los desplazamientos para la totalidad de Bizkaia

60

50

40

30

20

10

0

Oc io , re la c io ne s Transporte colectivo Estudio5,31 Trabajo 4,29 2,25Compras 1,81 y otros Retorno 12,94 sociales Taxi 0,00 0,03 0,04 0,01 0,09

Ve híc ulo priva do 1,02 10,14 2,18 2,14 13,59

Motocicleta 0,04 0,12 0,04 0,02 0,21

Bicicleta 0,00 0,01 0,03 0,01 0,04

# Estación de control Andando 6,30 4,76 5,86 5,86 20,87

Note: Return refers to any return trip to the Municipality of origin, regardless of the reason for the trip InterpretationInterpretation ofof resultsresults

MAIN CONCLUSIONS:

Compared to other European territories, commuting by foot in Bizkaia is highly representative.

Work is the main reason for the need for commuting in Bizkaia, and the private vehicle is the method of transport more widely used for this end. Therefore, it is important to give an homogeneous economical structure to the Areas and Municipalities of Bizkaia.

Likewise, it is worth highlighting the scarce optimisation in the use of the private vehicle in Bizkaia. Out of the total number of users of private vehicles, 78% are drivers and 22% passengers.

# Estación de control ResultsResults fromfrom MunicipalitiesMunicipalities ? ret the results? How to interpr

To enable interpretation of the results of the Indicator according to Municipalities, the following method has been used:

Based on the results obtained from commuting data as regards Bizkaia, the behaviour of each Municipality has been assessed and a colour code has been assigned for its interpretation.

The code, for each section, is the following:

Municipalities with a sustainable behaviour of the Indicator worse than the average for Bizkaia.

Municipalities with a sustainable behaviour of the Indicator similar to the average for Bizkaia.

Municipalities with a sustainable behaviour of the

# Estación de control Indicator better than the average for Bizkaia. CommutingCommuting byby footfoot

Results from Bizkaia: 43.65%

MARURI MUNGIA BA KI O BE RM EO LE MO IZ MUNDA KA ELA NT XOB E BA RRI KA PLE NT ZIA MARURI SUKA R RIE TA

SOP ELA N A EA BUST URI A MEÑA KA LEKEITIO BE RA N GO GATI KA MUNGIA IS PA STE R ZIERBE NA GETXO LA U KI Z ARRIE TA ER EÑ O

FORUA GUIZABURUAGA SA NT URT ZI LE IO A ONDARROA MUSK IZ NA BA R N IZ AMO RO TO ER AN DI O PORTUGALETE LO IU GAMIZ-FI KA BE RRI AT UA GERNIKA-LUMO AB ANTO Y CIE RVA NA - A. SE STA O DE R IO AJ AN GI Z AU LES TI SONDIK A VALLE DE TRAPAGA-T. ZAM UDIO TRUCI OS LE ZA MA MENDA TA BA RA K ALD O LA RRAB ET ZU MU XI KA MARK INA -X E ME IN SOP U ER TA MUNITI BA R- A- G BI LB A O ETX EB A RR I A

ARCENTALES GALDAKAO BA SA URI ALON S OTEG I LA N ES TO S A GUEÑES AMOREBIETA-ECHANO ARRIGO RRI AGA ZARATAM O CA R R AN ZA LE MO A MALLA BI A BE DI A IURRETAGARAY BA LMAS E DA ERMUA BE RR I Z UGA O- MI RAB ALLE S IGORRE DURANGO ZALDI BAR

AR AK A LDO ZEBERI O AR AN T ZAZ U IZURZA

MAÑARIA ARTE A AB AD IÑO ELOR RIO Porcentaje de DI MA ATX ONDO AR EA TZA desplazamientos a pie ORO ZKO No hay información 0.01 - 41.15

UB ID E 41.15 - 46.15

ORDUÑA 46.15 - 100 CommutingCommuting inin privateprivate vehiclevehicle

Results from Bizkaia: 29.07%

MARURI MUNGIA BA KI O BE RM EO GORLIZ LE MO IZ ELA NT XOB E BA RRI KA MARURI PLE NT ZIA SUKA RRIE TA IBARRANGELU

SOP ELA N A EA BU ST U RI A MEÑA KA GAUTEGIZ ARTEAGA LEKEITIO URDULIZ BE RA N GO MUNGIA MURUETA IS PA STE R GETXO LA U KI Z ER EÑ O MENDEXA

FORUA KORTEZUBI GUIZABURUAGA SA NT U RT ZI LE IO A FRUIZ ER R IGO ITI ONDARROA MUSK IZ ERANDIO PORTUGALETE LO IU GAMIZ-FIKA BE RR I AT UA GERNIKA-LUMO ARRATZU AB AN TO Y C IE R VA NA - A. SE STA O ORTUELLA DE R IO MORGA AJ AN GI Z AULES TI

VALLE DE TRAPAGA-T. ZAM UDIO TRUCI OS LE Z A MA MENDA TA BARAKALDO GALDAMES MUXI KA MARKINA-XEMEIN MUNITIBAR-A-G SOP U ER TA ETXEBARRI BILBAO

ARCENTALES GALDAKAO BA SA U RI ALON S OTEG I LA N ES TO S A GUEÑES AMOREBIETA-ECHANO ARRIGO RRI AGA ZARATAM O CARRANZA ZALLA LE MO A BE DI A IURRETAGARAY BA LMAS E DA ER MU A BE RR I Z ARRANKUDIAGA UGAO-MIRABALLES GORDEXOLA IGORRE DURANGO

ARAKALDO ZEBERI O AR AN T ZAZ U IZURZA

MAÑARIA AR TE A AB ADIÑO

DI MA AR EA TZA

OROZKO

ZEANURI

OTXANDIO Porcentaje de desplazamientos UB ID E

ORDUÑA en vehículo privado No hay información 0 - 26.57 26.57 - 31.57 31.57 - 100 CommutingCommuting inin collectivecollective transporttransport

Result Bizkaia: 26,78%

MARURI MUNGIA BA KI O BE RM EO GORLIZ LE MO IZ MUNDA KA ELA NT XOB E BA RRI KA MARURI PLE NT ZIA SUKA RRIE TA IBARRANGELU

SOP ELA NA EA BUST URI A MEÑA KA GAUTEGIZ ARTEAGA LE K EI TIO URDULIZ BE RA NGO GATI KA MUNGIA MURUE TA IS PA STE R ZIERBENA GETXO LA U KI Z ARRIETA EREÑO MENDE XA

FORUA KORTEZUBI GUIZABURUAG A SA NT URT ZI LE IO A FRUIZ ERRIGO ITI ONDARROA MUSK IZ NA BA R N IZ AMO RO TO ERANDI O PORTUGA LET E LO IU GAM IZ-FI KA BE RR I AT UA GERNIKA-LUMO ARRAT ZU AB ANTO Y CIE RVA NA - A. SE STA O ORTUELLA DE R IO MORGA AJ ANGI Z AULES TI SONDIK A VA LLE DE TRA P AGA - T. TRUCI OS LE ZA MA MENDA TA BA RA K ALDO GALDAMES LA R R AB ET ZU MUXI KA MARKINA-XEMEIN SOP UERTA MUNITI BA R- A- G BI LB A O ETX EB A RRI ETX EB A RRI A

ARCENTALES GALDAKAO BA SA URI ALONS OTEG I LA N ES TO S A GUEÑES AMOREBIETA-ECHANO ARRIGO RRI AGA ZARATAM O CA R R AN ZA ZALLA LE MO A MALLABIA BE DI A IURRETAGARAY BA LMAS E DA ERMUA BE RRI Z ARRANK UDI AG A GORDEXOLA UGA O- MI RAB ALLE S IGORRE DURANGO ZALDI BAR

ARAK A LDO ZEBERI O ARANT ZAZ U IZURZA

ARTE A MAÑA RIA AB AD IÑ O ELORRIO

DI MA ATX ONDO AREA TZA

ORO ZKO ZEANURI Porcentaje de uso del transporte colectivo OTXANDIO

UB ID E No hay información

ORDUÑA 0 - 24.28 24.28 - 29.28 29.28 - 100 InterpretationInterpretation ofof resultsresults e Territory? nicipality in the le of each Mun What is the rol The mobility requirements of each Municipality and therefore, the distribution of its commuting ratio, is determined by:

Territorial structure of Bizkaia and centre-peripheral relations

Municipal and supra-municipal planning

Endowment of equipment and services

Municipal economical activity

Infrastructures

Thus, the Municipalities with a strong and diversified economic structure suited to the municipal population, have less need for commuting and therefore, less dependence on the territorial centre.

# Estación de control InterpretationInterpretation ofof thethe resultsresults e Territory? nicipality in the le of each Mun What is the rol Based on the previous, the following can be concluded:

Municipalities commuting by foot above the average (in green) show certain local endogenous development with capacity to satisfy the local population requirements.

From a sustainability viewpoint ththee aim is to foster, as far as possible, local municipal and regional autonomy based on strong and diversified local economies and an adequate endowment of equipment and services. Thus, the needs of the population are satisfied with no need for commuting.

Likewise, the latter contributes to a lower emission of contaminants to the atmosphere (due to a decreased daily use of motorised means of transport).

# Estación de control InterpretationInterpretation ofof thethe resultsresults ia nsport in Bizka Collective tran The use of the collective transport stands out in the Areas of Gernika-Bermeo, Gran Bilbao, Plentzia-Mungia and Arratia- Nerbioi. (In green and yellow on the map)

The latest statistics recorded as regards collective transport in Bizkaia show an increase in the numbers of total users. Likewise, commuting in the Territory in private vehicles has also increased.

From a local sustainability viewpoint, and due to the need for long distance commuting, the aim is to use collective transport rather than the private vehicle. Mainly because of :

A decreased emission of contaminants to the atmosphere

A decreased need for land resources for infrastructures.

# Estación de control 2.2. AverageAverage distancesdistances coveredcovered byby residentsresidents fromfrom eacheach MunicipalityMunicipality

inin BizkaiaBizkaia

# Estación de control ResultsResults fromfrom MunicipalitiesMunicipalities Bizkaia? per person in s are covered How many Km An average inhabitant of Bizkaia covers, in an average day, 17.8 Km, 800 metres of which are covered by foot, 10 Km in private vehicle and the remaining 8 Kms in collective transport.

However, this figure varies according to the Municipality of origin. The following is a detail of the distances covered by the inhabitants of the main Municipalities from Bizkaia.

# Estación de control Mar kina-XemeinDistancia recorrida por los residentes de cada municipio/zona Ber meo

Bilbao

Ses tao

Ondar r oa

Bar akaldo

P or tugalete

Carranza

Txorierri

Zona Miner a

Erandio

Dur ango

Resto del Bilbao Metr opolitano

Resto del Dur anguesado

Santur tzi

Galdakao

Amor ebieta-Etxano

Basaur i

Igorre

Sopelana

Ermua

Le i oa

Ger nika-Lumo

Resto de Ger nika-Ber meo

Getxo

Or duña

Mungia

Resto de las Encartaciones

Resto de Ar r atia-Ner bion

Lekeitio

Plentzia

# Estación de control Resto de P lentzia-Mungia

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 km/ cápita/ dí a According to the distance covered, the means of transport used in Bizkaia are:

Distribución de los medios de transporte según la distancia de desplazamiento

20000 18000 16000 14000 Transporte colectivo 12000 Taxi Vehículo privado 10000 Motocicleta 8000

Nº viajesNº Bicicleta 6000 Andando 4000 2000 0 < 2km entre 2 y 5 km > 5km Distancia

# Estación de control 3.3. InterInter andand intramunicipalintramunicipal commutingcommuting byby MunicipalitiesMunicipalities andand

DisctrictsDisctricts ofof BizkaiaBizkaia

# Estación de control ResultsResults fromfrom MunicipalitiesMunicipalities ity? the Municipalit place within th mmuting takes How much com Of the total commuting in Bizkaia, 38.36% is inter-municipal and 61.63% is intra-municipal. It is a good distribution, since it means that the local plans and policies work to satisfy the demands with local resources.

From a sustainability point of view, it is important to maintain and even increase this difference. It implies a predominance of commuting by foot in the Municipalities of Bizkaia and therefore, it contributes to

A better local environmental quality

A better social dynamism and socialising in the streets

In summary, a greater quality of life

# Estación de control ResultsResults fromfrom MunicipalitiesMunicipalities ity? the Municipalit place within th mmuting takes How much com Distribution of inter- and intramuniciapl commuting in Bizkaia and according to the means of transport used

Distribución modal en deplazamientos intra e intermunicipales. Totalidad de Bizkaia

70

60

50 Transporte colectivo Ta xi 40 Vehículo privado % Motocicleta 30 Bicicleta 20 Anda ndo

10

# Estación de control 0 Inte rmunicipa l Intra municipa l Desplazamientos inter e intramunicipales por municipios y zonas de Bizkaia

Total general Zona Minera Txorierri Sopelana Sestao Santurtzi Resto del Duranguesado Resto del Bilbao Metropolitano Resto de P lentzia-Mungia Resto de Markina-Ondarroa Resto de las Encartaciones Resto de Gernika-Bermeo Resto de Arratia-Nerbion Portugalete Plentzia Orduña Ondarroa Mungia Markina-Xemein Le ke itio Le io a Ig o rre Getxo Gernika-Lumo Galdakao Ermua Erandio Durango Carranza Bilbao Bermeo Basauri Barakaldo Amorebieta-Etxano

0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100% # Estación de control

In t e rm u n ic ip a l Intramunicipal ResultsResults fromfrom MunicipalitiesMunicipalities ity? the Municipalit place within th mmuting takes How much com Based on the results of the previous graph, the Municipalities from Bizkaia with intramunicipal commuting above the average for Bizkaia (61,63%) are :

Amorebieta-Etxano, Bermeo, Bilbao, Carranza, Durango, Ermua, Gernika-Lumo, Markina and Ondárroa

# Estación de control