Classroom Resources on World War Ii History and the Japanese American Experience
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Ddr-Csujad-49-250-Mezzanine-83Ba1eddc2.Pdf
~ ~ This son of a poor potato far mer, r wati@l·!Wi·i·fflj+ 2 skin or religion doesn't tell you all old jalopy , drove 150 miles to I one of our great air hen. es, has the re is to know about a man, then Grand Island and enlisted. "It a job to finish before he retur ns I'll begin to feel my job is done." started right then," says Ben. "I to the Nebraska home he love s I spent a breathless week with had to fight for the right to fight. "' Ku roki. He started at 8: 00 a.m. Ur to that time most folks took me Mo nday, by answering two dozen for what I was, a potato farmer's bu siness letters for the Japanese son. My parents happ ene d to hav e Am erican Citizens League, for been born in Japan , that's a!l." which he sometimes speaks. A But not so the Army. There he Nisei ex-GI wrote that he couldn't ran into racial discrimination head get a job in his home town because on. Ben volunteered for combat MISSION of racial feeling. Would Ben Ku dut y in the Air Force. roki help? A Nisei sailor asked what H e was sent to Louisiana and to do to reclaim his West Coa st spent the next five months mostly oyster beds, lost when he went into peeling potatoes. Finall y he was the service. Then Kuroki went to assigned to the 93rd Bomb Group By Arn old Perl work for two hours on a book that in England as a clerk. -
Jap” to “Hero”: Resettlement, Enlistment, and the Construction of Japanese American Identity During WWII
From “Jap” to “Hero”: Resettlement, Enlistment, and the Construction of Japanese American Identity during WWII Maggie Harkins 3 Table of Contents I. Japanese Invasion: “The Problem of the Hour” II. “JAPS BOMB HAWAII!” Racism and Reactions to the Japanese American Community III. Enduring Relocation: “shikata ga nai” IV. Changing Family Roles within the Internment Camps V. “Striving to Create Goodwill” Student Resettlement VI. Nisei WACS: “A Testimony to Japanese American Loyalty” VII. “Go For Broke!” Fighting For Dignity and Freedom VIII. Heroism and Terrorism: Re-Assimilation into Anglo-American Society 4 On December 7, 1941 Japan staged a massive attack of the Pearl Harbor naval base in Hawai’i. Mainland Americans huddled around their radios listening to the events unfold, while Hawaiians watched the Japanese Imperial Air Force drop bombs over their home. The United States was at war. Young men nationwide, including Lawson Sakai, a Japanese American college student in California, rushed to join the Armed Forces. On December 8, 1941 Lawson and three friends traveled to the nearest recruiting station to commit themselves to the United States Navy. Though his friends were accepted immediately, Sakai was delayed and eventually denied. “They told me I was an enemy alien!,” he remembered years later. 1 The recruiting officer’s reaction to Sakai’s attempted enlistment foreshadowed the intense racial discrimination that he and thousands of other Japanese Americans would face in the coming months. The Nisei, second-generation Japanese American citizens, viewed themselves as distinctly American. They had no connection to the imperial enemies who bombed their homeland and were determined to support the United States. -
Japanese American Internment: a Tragedy of War Amber Martinez Kennesaw State University
Kennesaw State University DigitalCommons@Kennesaw State University Dissertations, Theses and Capstone Projects 4-21-2014 Japanese American Internment: A Tragedy of War Amber Martinez Kennesaw State University Follow this and additional works at: http://digitalcommons.kennesaw.edu/etd Part of the American Studies Commons, Social History Commons, and the United States History Commons Recommended Citation Martinez, Amber, "Japanese American Internment: A Tragedy of War" (2014). Dissertations, Theses and Capstone Projects. Paper 604. This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by DigitalCommons@Kennesaw State University. It has been accepted for inclusion in Dissertations, Theses and Capstone Projects by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@Kennesaw State University. For more information, please contact [email protected]. JAPANESE AMERICAN INTERNMENT: A TRAGEDY OF WAR A Reflexive Essay Presented To The Academic Faculty Amber Martinez In Partial Fulfillment Of the Requirements for the Degree Master of Arts in American Studies Kennesaw State University (May, 2014) 1 Japanese American internment in the United States during World War II affected thousands of lives for generations yet it remains hidden in historical memory. There have been surges of public interest since the release of the internees, such as during the Civil Rights movement and the campaign for redress, which led to renewed interest in scholarship investigating the internment. Once redress was achieved in 1988, public interest waned again as did published analysis of the internment. After the terrorist attacks on September 11, 2001 and the wars in Iraq and Afghanistan began, American pride and displays of homeland loyalty created a unique event in American history. -
Utah Curriculum Units* * Download Other Enduring Community Units (Accessed September 3, 2009)
ENDURING COMMUNITIES Utah Curriculum Units* * Download other Enduring Community units (accessed September 3, 2009). Gift of the Nickerson Family, Japanese American National Museum (97.51.3) All requests to publish or reproduce images in this collection must be submitted to the Hirasaki National Resource Center at the Japanese American National Museum. More information is available at http://www.janm.org/nrc/. 369 East First Street, Los Angeles, CA 90012 Tel 213.625.0414 | Fax 213.625.1770 | janm.org | janmstore.com For project information, http://www.janm.org/projects/ec Enduring Communities Utah Curriculum Writing Team RaDon Andersen Jennifer Baker David Brimhall Jade Crown Sandra Early Shanna Futral Linda Oda Dave Seiter Photo by Motonobu Koizumi Project Managers Allyson Nakamoto Jane Nakasako Cheryl Toyama Enduring Communities is a partnership between the Japanese American National Museum, educators, community members, and five anchor institutions: Arizona State University’s Asian Pacific American Studies Program University of Colorado, Boulder University of New Mexico UTSA’s Institute of Texan Cultures Davis School District, Utah 369 East First Street Los Angeles, CA 90012 Tel 213.625.0414 Fax 213.625.1770 janm.org | janmstore.com Copyright © 2009 Japanese American National Museum UTAH Table of Contents 4 Project Overview of Enduring Communities: The Japanese American Experience in Arizona, Colorado, New Mexico, Texas, and Utah Curricular Units* 5 Introduction to the Curricular Units 6 Topaz (Grade 4, 5, 6) Resources and References 34 Terminology and the Japanese American Experience 35 United States Confinement Sites for Japanese Americans During World War II 36 Japanese Americans in the Interior West: A Regional Perspective on the Enduring Nikkei Historical Experience in Arizona, Colorado, New Mexico, Texas, Utah (and Beyond) 60 State Overview Essay and Timeline 66 Selected Bibliography Appendix 78 Project Teams 79 Acknowledgments 80 Project Supporters * Download other Enduring Community units (accessed September 3, 2009). -
A Comparison of the Japanese American Internment Experience in Hawaii and Arkansas Caleb Kenji Watanabe University of Arkansas, Fayetteville
University of Arkansas, Fayetteville ScholarWorks@UARK Theses and Dissertations 12-2011 Islands and Swamps: A Comparison of the Japanese American Internment Experience in Hawaii and Arkansas Caleb Kenji Watanabe University of Arkansas, Fayetteville Follow this and additional works at: http://scholarworks.uark.edu/etd Part of the Asian American Studies Commons, Other History Commons, and the Public History Commons Recommended Citation Watanabe, Caleb Kenji, "Islands and Swamps: A Comparison of the Japanese American Internment Experience in Hawaii and Arkansas" (2011). Theses and Dissertations. 206. http://scholarworks.uark.edu/etd/206 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by ScholarWorks@UARK. It has been accepted for inclusion in Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of ScholarWorks@UARK. For more information, please contact [email protected], [email protected]. ISLANDS AND SWAMPS: A COMPARISON OF THE JAPANESE AMERICAN INTERNMENT EXPERIENCE IN HAWAII AND ARKANSAS ISLANDS AND SWAMPS: A COMPARISON OF THE JAPANESE AMERICAN INTERNMENT EXPERIENCE IN HAWAII AND ARKANSAS A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts in History By Caleb Kenji Watanabe Arkansas Tech University Bachelor of Arts in History, 2009 December 2011 University of Arkansas ABSTRACT Comparing the Japanese American relocation centers of Arkansas and the camp systems of Hawaii shows that internment was not universally detrimental to those held within its confines. Internment in Hawaii was far more severe than it was in Arkansas. This claim is supported by both primary sources, derived mainly from oral interviews, and secondary sources made up of scholarly research that has been conducted on the topic since the events of Japanese American internment occurred. -
Resources Available from Twin Cities JACL
CLASSROOM RESOURCES ON WORLD WAR II HISTORY AND THE JAPANESE AMERICAN EXPERIENCE Available from the Twin Cities chapter of the Japanese American Citizens League (JACL) (Updated September 2013) *Denotes new to our collection Contact: Sally Sudo, Twin Cities JACL, at [email protected] or (952) 835-7374 (days and evenings) SPEAKERS BUREAU Topics: Internment camps and Japanese American WWII soldiers Volunteer speakers are available to share with students their first-hand experiences in the internment camps and/or as Japanese American soldiers serving in the U.S. Army in the European or Pacific Theaters during World War II. (Note: limited to schools within the Twin Cities metropolitan area.) LIST OF RESOURCES Materials are available on loan for no charge Videocassette Tapes Beyond Barbed Wire - 88 min 1997, Mac and Ava Picture Productions, Monterey, CA Documentary. Personal accounts of the struggles that Japanese Americans faced when they volunteered or were drafted to fight in the U.S. Armed Forces during World War II while their families were interned in American concentration camps. The Bracelet - 25 min 2001, UCLA Asian American Studies Center and the Japanese American National Museum, Los Angeles, CA Book on video. Presentation of the children’s book by Yoshiko Uchida about two friends separated by war. Second grader Emi is forced to move into an American concentration camp, and in the process she loses a treasured farewell gift from her best friend. Book illustrations are interwoven with rare home movie footage and historic photographs. Following the reading, a veteran teacher conducts a discussion and activities with a second grade class. -
United States Air Force and Its Antecedents Published and Printed Unit Histories
UNITED STATES AIR FORCE AND ITS ANTECEDENTS PUBLISHED AND PRINTED UNIT HISTORIES A BIBLIOGRAPHY EXPANDED & REVISED EDITION compiled by James T. Controvich January 2001 TABLE OF CONTENTS CHAPTERS User's Guide................................................................................................................................1 I. Named Commands .......................................................................................................................4 II. Numbered Air Forces ................................................................................................................ 20 III. Numbered Commands .............................................................................................................. 41 IV. Air Divisions ............................................................................................................................. 45 V. Wings ........................................................................................................................................ 49 VI. Groups ..................................................................................................................................... 69 VII. Squadrons..............................................................................................................................122 VIII. Aviation Engineers................................................................................................................ 179 IX. Womens Army Corps............................................................................................................ -
Overlooked No More: Ralph Lazo, Who Voluntarily Lived in an Internment Camp - the New York Times
11/24/2019 Overlooked No More: Ralph Lazo, Who Voluntarily Lived in an Internment Camp - The New York Times Overlooked No More: Ralph Lazo, Who Voluntarily Lived in an Internment Camp About 115,000 Japanese-Americans on the West Coast were incarcerated after Pearl Harbor, and Lazo, who was Mexican-American, joined them in a bold act of solidarity. July 3, 2019 Overlooked is a series of obituaries about remarkable people whose deaths, beginning in 1851, went unreported in The Times. By Veronica Majerol When Ralph Lazo saw his Japanese-American friends being forced from their homes and into internment camps during World War II, he did something unexpected: He went with them. In the spring of 1942, Lazo, a 17-year-old high school student in Los Angeles, boarded a train and headed to the Manzanar Relocation Center, one of 10 internment camps authorized to house Japanese-Americans under President Franklin D. Roosevelt’s executive order in the wake of Japan’s attack on Pearl Harbor a few months earlier. The camps, tucked in barren regions of the United States, would incarcerate around 115,000 people living in the West from 1942 to 1946 — two-thirds of them United States citizens. Unlike the other inmates, Lazo did not have to be there. A Mexican-American, he was the only known person to pretend to be Japanese so he could be willingly interned. What compelled Lazo to give up his freedom for two and a half years — sleeping in tar-paper-covered barracks, using open latrines and showers and waiting on long lines for meals in mess halls, on grounds surrounded by barbed-wire fencing and watched by guards in towers? He wanted to be with his friends. -
Congressional Record—House H6798
H6798 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — HOUSE October 6, 2015 Feeding Device Act to ban the sale of Assad, and certainly no plan to deal most dangerous positions in the bat- large-capacity magazines and Denying with Russia’s new very powerful ag- talion. Firearms and Explosives to Dangerous gression in many areas of the world. Known as mischievous, he brought Terrorists Act to prohibit individuals Assad must go. ISIS must be de- with him to Europe an Agfa Memo, a suspected of ties to terrorist organiza- feated. America must stand firm and contraband 35-millimeter camera that tions from purchasing a gun, and H.R. show the world that we are a force to fit right in the palm of his hand. Ito 2380 and H.R. 3411, which fix our broken be reckoned with, not to be trampled spent his deployment in Europe, start- background check system. on. ing in 1944 until the war ended, taking Any of these bills would immediately f pictures of his surroundings. improve public safety in this country, From playing chess during downtime CELEBRATING THE LIVES OF BEN a country that sees its citizens die at to posing with the Colosseum during KUROKI AND SUSUMU ‘‘SUS’’ ITO the hands of a loaded gun 297 times their trek into Rome, he spent the war more than in Japan, 49 times more The SPEAKER pro tempore. The revealing the daily lives of this little than in France, and 33 times more than Chair recognizes the gentleman from known mostly Japanese American in Israel. Hawaii (Mr. TAKAI) for 5 minutes. -
Chapter 8 Manzanar
CHAPTER 8 MANZANAR Introduction The Manzanar Relocation Center, initially referred to as the “Owens Valley Reception Center”, was located at about 36oo44' N latitude and 118 09'W longitude, and at about 3,900 feet elevation in east-central California’s Inyo County (Figure 8.1). Independence lay about six miles north and Lone Pine approximately ten miles south along U.S. highway 395. Los Angeles is about 225 miles to the south and Las Vegas approximately 230 miles to the southeast. The relocation center was named after Manzanar, a turn-of-the-century fruit town at the site that disappeared after the City of Los Angeles purchased its land and water. The Los Angeles Aqueduct lies about a mile to the east. The Works Progress Administration (1939, p. 517-518), on the eve of World War II, described this area as: This section of US 395 penetrates a land of contrasts–cool crests and burning lowlands, fertile agricultural regions and untamed deserts. It is a land where Indians made a last stand against the invading white man, where bandits sought refuge from early vigilante retribution; a land of fortunes–past and present–in gold, silver, tungsten, marble, soda, and borax; and a land esteemed by sportsmen because of scores of lakes and streams abounding with trout and forests alive with game. The highway follows the irregular base of the towering Sierra Nevada, past the highest peak in any of the States–Mount Whitney–at the western approach to Death Valley, the Nation’s lowest, and hottest, area. The following pages address: 1) the physical and human setting in which Manzanar was located; 2) why east central California was selected for a relocation center; 3) the structural layout of Manzanar; 4) the origins of Manzanar’s evacuees; 5) how Manzanar’s evacuees interacted with the physical and human environments of east central California; 6) relocation patterns of Manzanar’s evacuees; 7) the fate of Manzanar after closing; and 8) the impact of Manzanar on east central California some 60 years after closing. -
Preserving and Interpreting World War Ii Japanese American Confinement Sites
Japanese American National Park Service Confinement Sites U.S. Department of the Interior Grant Program Winter 2014 / 2015 In this Nov. 2, 2011 photo, Speaker of the House John Boehner presents the Congressional Gold Medal to Japanese American veterans of World War II. At the ceremony were, from left, Mitsuo Hamasu (100th Infantry Battalion), Boehner, Susumu Ito (442), House Minority Leader Nancy Pelosi, Grant Ichikawa (MIS), and the late Sen. Daniel K. Inouye (442). A new Japanese American Confinement Sites grant (see page 11) will fund a Smithsonian Institution digital exhibition about the Congressional Gold Medal. Photo courtesy: KAREN BLEIER/AFP/Getty Images 2014: A YEAR IN REVIEW – PRESERVING AND INTERPRETING WORLD WAR II JAPANESE AMERICAN CONFINEMENT SITES The National Park Service (NPS) is pleased to report on the Over the past six years, the program has awarded 128 progress of the Japanese American Confinement Sites Grant grant awards totaling more than $15.3 million to private Program. On December 21, 2006, President George W. Bush nonprofit organizations, educational institutions, state, signed Public Law 109-441 (16 USC 461) – Preservation of local, and tribal governments, and other public entities. The Japanese American Confinement Sites – which authorized projects involve 19 states and the District of Columbia, and the NPS to create a grant program to encourage and include oral histories, preservation of camp artifacts and support the preservation and interpretation of historic buildings, documentaries and educational curriculum, and confinement sites where Japanese Americans were detained. exhibits and memorials that preserve the confinement sites The law authorized up to $38 million for the life of the and honor the people incarcerated there by sharing their grant program. -
Remembering 'Camp Harmony'
THE NATIONAL NEWSPAPER OF THE JACL Oct. 6-19, 2017 Taiko drummers led the way to the George Tsutakawa sculpture “Harmony,” where a new sign was unveiled by Mayumi Tsutakawa. » PAGE 5 REMEMBERING » PAGE 4 California Governor ‘CAMP HARMONY’ Signs AB 491. Puyallup Valley JACL hosts the » PAGE 6 Spotlight: Race-Car 75th remembrance of the Driver Takuma Sato’s Puyallup Assembly Center. Need for Speed PHOTO: COURTESY OF PUYALLUP VALLEY JACL WWW.PACIFICCITIZEN.ORG #3308 / VOL. 165, No. 7 ISSN: 0030-8579 2 Oct. 6-19, 2017 NATIONAL HOW TO REACH US JACL Continues Opposition to Newly Issued Email: [email protected] Online: www.pacificcitizen.org Tel: (213) 620-1767 Mail: 123 Ellison S. Onizuka St., Immigration Ban Suite 313 Los Angeles, CA 90012 he JACL continues to brief to the Supreme Court (https:// STAFF oppose the Muslim country jacl.org/wordpress/wp-content/ Executive Editor travel ban. The addition of uploads/2017/09/JACL-Travel- Allison Haramoto Tthree more nations to the Muslim Ban-Amicus.pdf), the foundations Senior Editor country ban list does not alter the for this travel ban are weak at Digital & Social Media inherent flaws of the original order best, just like the case for mass in- George Johnston seeking to ban individuals based carceration of Japanese Americans ful treatment of a disfavored group. of any authority that can bring for- Business Manager Susan Yokoyama upon the majority religion of their during World War II. We call upon the courts to fulfill ward a plausible claim of an urgent their role in properly reviewing this need.” Korematsu, 323 U.S.