DOCSLIB.ORG

Japanese American Internment: a Tragedy of War Amber Martinez Kennesaw State University

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Japanese American Internment: a Tragedy of War Amber Martinez Kennesaw State University Kennesaw State University DigitalCommons@Kennesaw State University Dissertations, Theses and Capstone Projects 4-21-2014 Japanese American Internment: A Tragedy of War Amber Martinez Kennesaw State University Follow this and additional works at: http://digitalcommons.kennesaw.edu/etd Part of the American Studies Commons, Social History Commons, and the United States History Commons Recommended Citation Martinez, Amber, "Japanese American Internment: A Tragedy of War" (2014). Dissertations, Theses and Capstone Projects. Paper 604. This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by DigitalCommons@Kennesaw State University. It has been accepted for inclusion in Dissertations, Theses and Capstone Projects by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@Kennesaw State University. For more information, please contact [email protected]. JAPANESE AMERICAN INTERNMENT: A TRAGEDY OF WAR A Reflexive Essay Presented To The Academic Faculty Amber Martinez In Partial Fulfillment Of the Requirements for the Degree Master of Arts in American Studies Kennesaw State University (May, 2014) 1 Japanese American internment in the United States during World War II affected thousands of lives for generations yet it remains hidden in historical memory. There have been surges of public interest since the release of the internees, such as during the Civil Rights movement and the campaign for redress, which led to renewed interest in scholarship investigating the internment. Once redress was achieved in 1988, public interest waned again as did published analysis of the internment. After the terrorist attacks on September 11, 2001 and the wars in Iraq and Afghanistan began, American pride and displays of homeland loyalty created a unique event in American history. In the country’s outrage, people whose appearance was labeled as Arab were cast overnight as villains or cohorts. This was hauntingly familiar to Japanese Americans who experienced similar treatment during the days following the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor. These similarities affirm the findings of authors who have written on the economic, political and social environment of pre-World War II United States, internment, and the effects of internment on ideas about citizenship, loyalty, and immigration. Yet public knowledge and discourse on the causes, events and results of interning American citizens remains minimal. The precedence of a country interning its own citizens is a topic that needs to be analyzed and presented in an easily accessible place for students, educators and the public. An on-line exhibition is a useful tool to accomplish this. An on-line exhibition is easily accessible to a large portion of the public as well as being an interactive tool that young adults respond to as an educational tool. An on-line exhibition also allows for the use of photographs, maps, and links to further websites. A visually appealing website will attract viewers however the content is what will make this website educational as well as interactive and inspiring. The purpose of creating 2 the on-line exhibition is to reach the masses to educate them about past mistakes and the results of wartime propaganda, racist hysteria and the long-term effects on Japanese Americans. The literature written about the history of Japanese Americans and their internment during World War II can be grouped together by their subject matter. Ideas about democracy, citizenship, loyalty, civil rights and memory have evolved since World War II. Events like the internment of thousands of American citizens based on race challenged previously heralded titans of American ideology like freedom, inalienable rights and autonomy. Historical scholarship about the event provides background on the people, places and events that shaped the internment. Texts from the last decade have focused on examining why internment was possible, the effects on internees and the public, and the implications for the future of American responses to attack. Interestingly, each author chooses their own terminology which questions the effectiveness of internment scholarship. Despite terminology debates, internment scholarship has followed a distinct evolution of analysis that does more than evaluate the causes and effects of internment. It shows the changes in methodologies, research subjects, and an ideological evolution. Historically, internment scholarship must begin with a basic evaluation of the events and people involved. Greg Robinson wrote By Order of the President: FDR and the Internment of Japanese Americans, and his text uses historical analysis to bring a critical examination of FDR to scholarly discourse. Robinson contends that previous scholarship has centered on the logistics of internment rather than looking at the person who made the decision to intern—President Franklin D. Roosevelt. While other authors explore the prejudices of the public, FDR manages to maintain his good image. Robinson’s book contains eight chapters that analyze everything from FDR’s racist tendencies in his fireside chats, the complete reversal of his democratic principles, 3 and his disinterest in the results of internment upon Japanese Americans. Robinson chooses to divide the book chronologically to look at those problems. The book begins with Robinson’s conjecture that racism against Japanese Americans had been on-going since before World War II began. Racial slurs, antagonistic attacks, and ignorance of culture all attributed to an unstable environment. Japan’s crushing defeats in the Pacific theatre was causing military, political and media leaders to publish propaganda warning against Japanese espionage. This heightened already tense anxiety levels particularly on the West coast. Pearl Harbor was the spark that ignited racial hysteria. Media outlets labeled Japanese Americans as a race of traitors waiting to assist Japan from the inside. FDR, writes Robinson, contributed to this hysteria in his fireside chats with reporters. Robinson provides documentation from such an evening to show that FDR was a product of the nation he was reared, and he condemned Japanese Americans without proof. Rather than focus on FDR’s actions during internment which were limited to reports, Robinson spends considerable time discussing the results of internment on FDR’s decision. Robinson writes that history would glorify FDR’s leadership, but limit his involvement in interning American citizens. As the country progressed into the Vietnam and Korean wars, discourse began to circulate that defined FDR in a less than favorable light. Americans against the wars questioned the authority of a government to draft its own citizens while denying some ethnicities equal rights. Robinson writes that historians went back to the last draft in World War II to compare events and found presidential leadership lacking. He says that FDR failed in his presidential duties to all American citizens. He succumbed to his ingrained racist tendencies and the pressures of racial hysteria. Robinson writes that FDR’s failure to be the moral and 4 constitutional compass for the American people damaged America’s reputation for democracy, free will, and equality. Despite the impressive collection of materials Robinson uses to prove his case for stricter investigations into FDR’s role in internment, his argument places too much weight on the role of one person. His contention that FDR failed at his duties of moral and constitutional beacon is an interesting look at the role of the president for the American people. Robinson does not spend enough time discussing the change in the importance of image for American presidents due to modern inventions like television and film. The use of television by political leaders changed American politics forever, and the public’s response to a visually strong and relatable president would impact their decision process. Despite these shortcomings, Robinson’s text does provide a useful index of sources. Greg Robinson has published numerous books on the Japanese American experience in America, and he continues his historical analysis with a broader subject. In his book A Tragedy of Democracy: Japanese Confinement in North America, Robinson writes a concise historical account of the pre-war racial atmosphere, removal and internment, release and finally redress. Robinson separates the book into seven sections dealing with each stage of the internment. Rather than focus on when the internment decision was made, he starts by describing anti- Japanese sentiments prevalent at the time. He says this is where all scholarship should begin because while Pearl Harbor was the catalyst for removal and internment, racial prejudices and fears provided the unstable environment needed to encourage action. The unique situation of second generation Japanese conflicted with anti-Japanese propaganda. Second generation Japanese, Nisei in Japanese, were United States citizens and therefore eligible for protection under the Bill of Rights. However due to racial hysteria caused by decades of prejudice and an 5 act of war Nisei were stripped of their inalienable rights. Robinson believes his conjecture that racial prejudices and hysteria were the reason Executive Order 9066 was signed removing those of Japanese descent. Robinson moves from his theories on why removal and internment were supported to the legal and social ramifications of the removal and internment process. Unlike other historical texts on internment, Robinson spends considerable time evaluating the removal efforts in Hawaii,
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Japanese-American Legacies in the White River Valley
    Japanese-American Legacies in the White River Valley Historic Context Statement and Inventory Mildred Tanner Andrews December 19, 1997 Prepared for the King County Landmarks and Heritage Program 506 Second Avenue, Rm.1115 Seattle, WA 98104 (206) 296-7580 TABLE of CONTENTS Scope of Work ...........................................................................................................1 Methodology ..............................................................................................................2 Early History and Development of the White River Valley ......................................2 Patterns of Japanese Immigration and Settlement .....................................................4 The Gentleman's Agreement ......................................................................................6 Community Organizations .........................................................................................7 Dairies..... ...................................................................................................................9 Alien Land Laws ........................................................................................................10 For the Sake of the Children ......................................................................................12 Cultural Retention and Assimilation ..........................................................................13 Vegetable and Berry Farming ....................................................................................15 Reclassification
    [Show full text]
  • Resources Available from Twin Cities JACL
    CLASSROOM RESOURCES ON WORLD WAR II HISTORY AND THE JAPANESE AMERICAN EXPERIENCE Available from the Twin Cities chapter of the Japanese American Citizens League (JACL) (Updated September 2013) *Denotes new to our collection Contact: Sally Sudo, Twin Cities JACL, at [email protected] or (952) 835-7374 (days and evenings) SPEAKERS BUREAU Topics: Internment camps and Japanese American WWII soldiers Volunteer speakers are available to share with students their first-hand experiences in the internment camps and/or as Japanese American soldiers serving in the U.S. Army in the European or Pacific Theaters during World War II. (Note: limited to schools within the Twin Cities metropolitan area.) LIST OF RESOURCES Materials are available on loan for no charge Videocassette Tapes Beyond Barbed Wire - 88 min 1997, Mac and Ava Picture Productions, Monterey, CA Documentary. Personal accounts of the struggles that Japanese Americans faced when they volunteered or were drafted to fight in the U.S. Armed Forces during World War II while their families were interned in American concentration camps. The Bracelet - 25 min 2001, UCLA Asian American Studies Center and the Japanese American National Museum, Los Angeles, CA Book on video. Presentation of the children’s book by Yoshiko Uchida about two friends separated by war. Second grader Emi is forced to move into an American concentration camp, and in the process she loses a treasured farewell gift from her best friend. Book illustrations are interwoven with rare home movie footage and historic photographs. Following the reading, a veteran teacher conducts a discussion and activities with a second grade class.
    [Show full text]
  • Kip Tokuda Civil Liberties Program
    Kip Tokuda Civil Liberties Program 1. Purpose: The Kip Tokuda competitive grant program supports the intent of RCW 28A.300.405 to do one or both of the following: 1) educate the public regarding the history and lessons of the World War II exclusion, removal, and detention of persons of Japanese ancestry through the development, coordination, and distribution of new educational materials and the development of curriculum materials to complement and augment resources currently available on this subject matter; and 2) develop videos, plays, presentations, speaker bureaus, and exhibitions for presentation to elementary schools, secondary schools, community colleges, and other interested parties. 2. Description of services provided: Grants were provided to the following individuals and organizations: Bainbridge Island Japanese American Community (BIJAC): BIJAC offered workshops featuring four oral history documentary films of the Japanese American WWII experience and accompanying curricula aligning with OSPI-developed Assessments for use in distance-learning lessons during the COVID- 19 pandemic, and developed online interactive activities to use with the oral history films in online workshops. Erin Shigaki: In the first phase of the grant Erin used the funds to revise the design of three wall murals about the Japanese American exclusion and detention located in what was the historic Japantown or Nihonmachi in Seattle, WA. The first and second locations are in Seattle’s Chinatown-International District in “Nihonmachi Alley” and the third location is the side of the Densho building located on Jackson Street. Erin spent time working with a fabricator regarding material options and installation. Densho (JALP): From January to June, the content staff completed articles on a range of confinement sites administered by the War Relocation Authority (WRA), the Wartime Civil Control Administration (WCCA), the Immigration and Naturalization Service (INS), and the U.S.
    [Show full text]
  • What Gordon Hirabayashi Taught Me About Courage
    Seattle Journal for Social Justice Volume 11 Issue 1 Article 6 7-1-2012 What Gordon Hirabayashi Taught Me About Courage Judge Mary M. Schroeder Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.law.seattleu.edu/sjsj Recommended Citation Schroeder, Judge Mary M. (2012) "What Gordon Hirabayashi Taught Me About Courage," Seattle Journal for Social Justice: Vol. 11 : Iss. 1 , Article 6. Available at: https://digitalcommons.law.seattleu.edu/sjsj/vol11/iss1/6 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Student Publications and Programs at Seattle University School of Law Digital Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in Seattle Journal for Social Justice by an authorized editor of Seattle University School of Law Digital Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. 65 What Gordon Hirabayashi Taught Me About Courage1 Judge Mary M. Schroeder2 I first saw Gordon Hirabayashi on March 2, 1987, when I walked into the courtroom of our Seattle Courthouse for the oral argument of his case seeking a writ of coram nobis to overturn his wartime convictions forty-four years before. I had barely heard of coram nobis, and now the opinion in his case is our leading authority on it.3 Gordon sat in the courtroom ramrod straight, and the light from the courtroom window seemed to put him in a sort of a halo. I knew it was going to be an historic day. There were all the portents. The presiding judge of our court, Ted Goodwin of Oregon, was not only a veteran federal judge, he was a veteran of World War II.4 But for the atomic bomb, in all likelihood he would have died in an invasion of Japan.
    [Show full text]
  • Remembering 'Camp Harmony'
    THE NATIONAL NEWSPAPER OF THE JACL Oct. 6-19, 2017 Taiko drummers led the way to the George Tsutakawa sculpture “Harmony,” where a new sign was unveiled by Mayumi Tsutakawa. » PAGE 5 REMEMBERING » PAGE 4 California Governor ‘CAMP HARMONY’ Signs AB 491. Puyallup Valley JACL hosts the » PAGE 6 Spotlight: Race-Car 75th remembrance of the Driver Takuma Sato’s Puyallup Assembly Center. Need for Speed PHOTO: COURTESY OF PUYALLUP VALLEY JACL WWW.PACIFICCITIZEN.ORG #3308 / VOL. 165, No. 7 ISSN: 0030-8579 2 Oct. 6-19, 2017 NATIONAL HOW TO REACH US JACL Continues Opposition to Newly Issued Email: [email protected] Online: www.pacificcitizen.org Tel: (213) 620-1767 Mail: 123 Ellison S. Onizuka St., Immigration Ban Suite 313 Los Angeles, CA 90012 he JACL continues to brief to the Supreme Court (https:// STAFF oppose the Muslim country jacl.org/wordpress/wp-content/ Executive Editor travel ban. The addition of uploads/2017/09/JACL-Travel- Allison Haramoto Tthree more nations to the Muslim Ban-Amicus.pdf), the foundations Senior Editor country ban list does not alter the for this travel ban are weak at Digital & Social Media inherent flaws of the original order best, just like the case for mass in- George Johnston seeking to ban individuals based carceration of Japanese Americans ful treatment of a disfavored group. of any authority that can bring for- Business Manager Susan Yokoyama upon the majority religion of their during World War II. We call upon the courts to fulfill ward a plausible claim of an urgent their role in properly reviewing this need.” Korematsu, 323 U.S.
    [Show full text]
  • 2019 Ag Request Legislation Fred Korematsu & Gordon Hirabayashi
    2019 AG REQUEST LEGISLATION FRED KOREMATSU & GORDON HIRABAYASHI DAY WHAT NEEDS TO CHANGE? Key Support: During WWII, Japanese-Americans and Japanese immigrants were TBD incarcerated under federal exclusion and incarceration orders. Fred Prime Sponsors: Korematsu and Gordon Hirabayashi refused to comply with orders Sen. Hasegawa: D they believed were unconstitutional. Both were arrested—Hirabayashi Rep. Santos: D in Washington, Korematsu in California. Their legal challenges were unsuccessful, and the U.S. Supreme Court upheld the incarceration Office Contacts: orders. In the 1980s, Korematsu’s and Hirabayashi’s convictions were Yasmin Trudeau overturned by federal courts. Korematsu and Hirabayashi should be Legislative Affairs Director celebrated for their courage to stand up to injustice. [email protected] Brittany Gregory WHY IS THIS CHANGE NECESSARY? Deputy Legislative Director A day of recognition would honor their legacies and the thousands of [email protected] incarcerated Issei, Nisei, and Sansei, civil rights defenders, and WWII 1: Andy Hobbs, “75 years ago, Japanese internment sparked veterans from Washington. It would honor Hirabayashi, a born-and- economic and cultural fears in raised Washingtonian and alumnus of the University of Washington. Puget Sound,” The News Tribune, This day of recognition will augment the state’s existing “Civil Liberties February 19, 2017. Day of Remembrance,” which is observed every February 19 and also commemorates the struggles against incarceration. K E Y As many as 14,000 Washingtonians of Japanese, Korean, and Taiwanese ancestry were imprisoned during the S T 60 Second World War; 60% were American citizens. A PERCENT T AROUND THE U.S.: Since 2010, a number of other states including California, Hawai’i, Virginia, Utah, Georgia, Illinois, Pennsylvania, South Carolina, Michigan and Florida, as well as numerous municipalities, have commemorated January 30 as “Fred Korematsu Day” in celebration of civil liberties and the Constitution, but no state has yet named a day for Gordon Hirabayashi.
    [Show full text]
  • Over 55 Years Ago, the United States Entered World War II. to Most Americans, Now, It’S Something That Happened “Over There” and Is Far Removed from Home
    by Mike Prero Over 55 years ago, the United States entered World War II. To most Americans, now, it’s something that happened “over there” and is far removed from home. We frequently read books and see movies about our soldiers in Japanese or German prisoner-of-war camps, but few members of the younger generation realize that between 1942 and 1946, the United States held almost 400,000 German, more than 50,000 Italian, and 5,000 Japanese soldiers in P.O.W. camps right here in the United States. I’ve been a Military collector ever since I entered the hobby, but my interest was really drawn to P.O.W. camps during a game of bridge a number of years ago. Our opponents, an elderly couple, had actually met and fallen in love in a Japanese P.O.W. camp in the Philippines. Fascinating! And so are P.O.W. camp covers. There were over 500 such P.O.W. camps in America during the war. One of them was right down the road from here, in Stockton, CA. Not surprisingly, most were located in the western and central states that had wide-open spaces: California, Texas, Idaho, Arizona, Nebraska, Kansas, Wyoming, etc. Although, there were a few in places like Maryland, Wisconsin, and Michigan. As with most World War II U.S. installations, there are a variety of covers from these P.O.W. camps, although they are definitely scarce compared to the number of camps that existed. I currently have 6,842 U.S. Military covers, but Major P.O.W.
    [Show full text]
  • Living Voices Within the Silence Bibliography 1
    Living Voices Within the Silence bibliography 1 Within the Silence bibliography FICTION Elementary So Far from the Sea Eve Bunting Aloha means come back: the story of a World War II girl Thomas and Dorothy Hoobler Pearl Harbor is burning: a story of World War II Kathleen Kudlinski A Place Where Sunflowers Grow (bilingual: English/Japanese) Amy Lee-Tai Baseball Saved Us Heroes Ken Mochizuki Flowers from Mariko Rick Noguchi & Deneen Jenks Sachiko Means Happiness Kimiko Sakai Home of the Brave Allen Say Blue Jay in the Desert Marlene Shigekawa The Bracelet Yoshiko Uchida Umbrella Taro Yashima Intermediate The Burma Rifles Frank Bonham My Friend the Enemy J.B. Cheaney Tallgrass Sandra Dallas Early Sunday Morning: The Pearl Harbor Diary of Amber Billows 1 Living Voices Within the Silence bibliography 2 The Journal of Ben Uchida, Citizen 13559, Mirror Lake Internment Camp Barry Denenberg Farewell to Manzanar Jeanne and James Houston Lone Heart Mountain Estelle Ishigo Itsuka Joy Kogawa Weedflower Cynthia Kadohata Boy From Nebraska Ralph G. Martin A boy at war: a novel of Pearl Harbor A boy no more Heroes don't run Harry Mazer Citizen 13660 Mine Okubo My Secret War: The World War II Diary of Madeline Beck Mary Pope Osborne Thin wood walls David Patneaude A Time Too Swift Margaret Poynter House of the Red Fish Under the Blood-Red Sun Eyes of the Emperor Graham Salisbury, The Moon Bridge Marcia Savin Nisei Daughter Monica Sone The Best Bad Thing A Jar of Dreams The Happiest Ending Journey to Topaz Journey Home Yoshiko Uchida 2 Living Voices Within the Silence bibliography 3 Secondary Snow Falling on Cedars David Guterson Hotel on the Corner of Bitter and Sweet Jamie Ford Before the War: Poems as they Happened Drawing the Line: Poems Legends from Camp Lawson Fusao Inada The moved-outers Florence Crannell Means From a Three-Cornered World, New & Selected Poems James Masao Mitsui Chauvinist and Other Stories Toshio Mori No No Boy John Okada When the Emperor was Divine Julie Otsuka The Loom and Other Stories R.A.
    [Show full text]
  • Chapter 2 Background of the Monument
    Chapter 2 Minidoka Internment National Monument is located in south central Idaho, approximately 15 miles northeast of Twin Falls. From 1942 to 1945, the site was a War Relocation Authority (WRA) facility, which Background of the incarcerated nearly 13,000 Nikkei (Japanese American citizens and legal resident aliens of Japanese Monument ancestry) from Washington, Oregon, California, and Alaska. Today, the 72.75-acre national monument is a small portion of the historic 33,000-acre center. The national monument site is within Idaho’s second legislative district in Jerome County and is within a sparsely populated agricultural community. The authorized boundary of the national monument is defined by the North Side Canal to the south and private property to the north and west. The Bureau of Reclamation (BOR) retains the visitor services area parcel in the center of the national monument and the east end site parcel to the east of the national monument. nized that their jobs in farming, fishing, and timber History of the Internment and offered more opportunities than in Japan. By the Incarceration of Nikkei at turn of the century there were 24,326 Issei in the U.S. with a male to female ratio of 33:1. Between Minidoka Relocation Center 1901 and 1908, 127,000 Japanese came to the U.S., including wives, picture brides, and children who eventually evened out the gender and age Pre-World War II gaps (Daniels 1962: 1, Appendix A). Nikkei com- The prelude to the incarceration began with munities developed rapidly, establishing churches, Japanese immigration and settlement of the West businesses, hotels, and schools in nihonmachi, or Coast between 1880 and 1924.
    [Show full text]
  • AG Report 2019
    LETTER TO THE GOVERNOR OF FLORIDA STATE OF FLORIDA DEPARTMENT OF MILITARY AFFAIRS Office of The Adjutant General St. Francis Barracks, Post Office Box 1008 St. Augustine, Florida 32085-1008 March 1, 2020 The Honorable Ron DeSantis Governor of Florida The Capitol Right, Ready & Tallahassee, Florida 32399-0001 Relevant Dear Governor DeSantis: It is my pleasure to present you with the Florida National Guard and Department of Military Affairs Adjutant General’s Report for 2019 pursuant to the provisions of Chapter 250.10, Florida Statutes, Florida First which pertains primarily to the administration of the Department of Military Affairs for fiscal year 1 July 2018 – 30 June 2019. “You have been a great force for good, and our state The Florida National Guard remains engaged as a community- and nation are better because of you. That is who you based organization committed to serving the citizens of Florida. are. You should be proud of yourselves, as I am proud Through engagement and empowerment of the workforce, your to be one of you.” Florida National Guard has accomplished much during this past year. This report highlights achievements of your Florida National Guard and the Department of Military Affairs. The progress reflected in this report demonstrates the high level of readiness and efficiency of the Department of Military Affairs and the Florida National Guard as they accomplish both state and federal missions. Florida First! Sincerely, James O. Eifert Major General Florida National Guard The Adjutant General 2 ADJUTANT GENERAL’S REPORT | FISCAL YEAR 2019 FLORIDA NATIONAL GUARD CONTENTS Florida National Guard Leadership.........................................................4 About the Department of Military Affairs..................................................5 The Adjutant General’s Message............................................................6 Message from the Assistant Adjutant General (ATAG) – Army.
    [Show full text]
  • Honouliuli Gulch and Associated Sites Final Special Resource Study and Environmental Assessment
    National Park Service U.S. Department of the Interior Honouliuli Gulch and Associated Sites Final Special Resource Study and Environmental Assessment August 2015 We are pleased to provide you with this copy of the Honouliuli Gulch and Associated Sites Final Special Resource Study and Environmental Assessment. This report has been prepared to provide Congress and the public with information about the resources in the study area and how they relate to criteria for inclusion within the national park system. Publication and transmittal of this report should not be considered an endorsement for a commitment by the National Park Service to seek or support either specific legislative authorization for the project or appropriation for its implementation. The Finding of No Significant Impact (FONSI) for this document was signed on October 15, 2014. Photo credits Front and back covers: Barracks and tents at Honouliuli, c. 1945, by R. H. Lodge. Courtesy of Hawai'i’s Plantation Village. Front inside cover: Remaining World War II-era structure, Honouliuli Internment Camp. Photo: Valentino Valdez. Back inside cover: Extant fence post with barbed wire, Honouliuli Internment Camp. Photo: Valentino Valdez. HONOULIULI GULCH AND ASSOCIATED SITES Final Special Resource Study and Environmental Assessment AUGUST 2015 Produced by the Pacific West Regional Office Park Planning and Environmental Compliance San Francisco, CA and Seattle, WA National Park Service U.S. Department of the Interior Washington, DC Final Special Resource Study and Environmental Assessment for HONOULIULI GULCH AND ASSOCIATED SITES August 2015 The National Park Service (NPS) prepared the Honouliuli Gulch and Associated Sites Special Resource Study and Environmental Assessment to determine whether the Honouliuli Internment Camp and associated World War II internment sites in Hawai‘i are nationally significant, suitable, and feasible for inclusion in the national park system.
    [Show full text]
  • Nihonjin Face Education Guide (6 – 12)
    Nihonjin Face Education Guide (6 – 12) Girl with Luggage, 1942; Dorothea Lange, Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration Nihonjin Face, a one act play by Janet Hayakawa and Teresita Martinez Part of Broadway Center’s Civil Rights Legacy Program Nihonjin Face K-5 Study Guide BroadwayCenter.org 1 Table of Contents I. Introduction and Synopsis Page 3 II. Meet the Characters Page 4 III. Historical Overview Page 5 IV. Terminology and Vocabulary Page 6 V. Pre-Discussion before Nihonjin Face Page 7 VI. Activity: Primary Source Timeline Page 8 VII. Activity: Tomiko’s Necklace Page 9 VIII. Activity: Only What You Can Carry Page 10 IX. Activity: Photo Analysis and Camp Diary Page 13 X. Activity: Déjà vu – Rights & Responsibilities Page 14 XI. Activity: Gaman: Never Give Up! Page 16 XII. Resources: Additional Media, Curricula and Juvenile Literature Page 18 Appendix 1: Terminology Appendix 2: Historic Images Appendix 3: Document and transcript of “evacuation” orders Appendix 4: Contraband items prohibited in camp Appendix 5: Activity Sheets -1. “Tomiko’s Necklace” Activity Sheet -2. “Only What You Can Carry” Activity Sheet -3. “Gaman: Never Give Up!” Activity Sheet -4. “Déjà vu” Activity Sheet Appendix 6: Violations of Rights & Liberties Appendix 7: Map & Description of Tule Lake Nihonjin Face K-5 Study Guide BroadwayCenter.org 2 Introduction Nihonjin Face is the fourth play in Broadway Center’s Civil Rights Legacy program, a series of original, all-ages theatrical works which explore the on-going story of American civil rights and liberties through the experiences of the nation’s diverse peoples.
    [Show full text]