Depression. 1930’s

Artists: Dorothea Lange (Migrant Mother), Jacob Lawrence (The Migration of the Negro)

Artwork as a form of documentation; Lange’s work sponsored by the Resettlement Admin.

1930’s through 1940’s

•American artists focusing on the realities of American life during the Depression and WWII

•reaction AGAINST ___MODERNISM___, follows ____REALISM_____ values 1910-on

•Artists: Diego Rivera, Jose Clemente Orozco

•Subject matter included indigenous people and culture, Mexican culture before European and Spanish influence, corresponded with the Mexican Revolution

1929-35 1940’s

Artists: Gestural: Gorky, Jackson Pollock (Lavender Mist), William de Kooning (Woman Series) Chromatic: Barnett Newman (Vir Heroicus Sublimis), Mark Rothko

•Gestural Abstraction: energetically applied pigment, expresses frenzied motion, emotions, conflict and frustrations

•Chromatic Abstraction: focus on color’s emotional expression, more calm and quiet

•1st major AVANT GARDE movement in America

•1960’s

•Artists: Ellsworth Kelly (Red Blue Green), Frank Stella Helen Frankenthaler (The Bay)

•Main difference between post-painterly and abstract expressionism: Post- painterly abstraction DOES NOT focus emotional meanings, only purity in art and the process of painting

•Color-field Painting: emphasizes the BASIC properties of painting (pigment on surface), often created by simply pouring pigment on a canvas or surface; purity in painting

•1960’s

•Artists: Tony Smith, Donald Judd (Untitled, Plexiglass boxes on wall)

•Emphasis on creating sculpture; ALL __ABSTRACTION__, NO expressionism; purity of form

•1960’s

•Artists: Ellsworth Kelly (Red Blue Green), Frank Stella Helen Frankenthaler (The Bay)

•Main difference between post-painterly and abstract expressionism: Post- painterly abstraction DOES NOT focus emotional meanings, only purity in art and the process of painting

•Color-field Painting: emphasizes the BASIC properties of painting (pigment on surface), often created by simply pouring pigment on a canvas or surface; purity in painting

late 1960’s and 1970’s

•Artists: Audrey Flack (Marilyn), Chuck Close (Big Self- Portrait), Duane Hanson (life-size people)

•Subject matter influenced by _POP ART______

•Reproductions created in minute detail

1960’s and 1970’s

•Artists: Robert Smithson (Spiral Jetty), Christo and Jeanne- Claude (Surrounded Islands)

•Innovative: __takes art beyond the museum setting, involves the viewer, redefines what is art, incorporates new materials ROBERT SMITHSON, Spiral Jetty, 1970. Black rock, salt crystals, earth, red water (algae) at Great Salt Lake, Utah. 1,500’ x 15’ x 3 1/2’.

1950’s on •Architects: Frank Lloyd Wright (Guggenheim, in NYC), Le Corbusier (Chapelle de Notre Dame du Haut), Eero Saarinen (Trans World Terminal, JFK airport), Mies van der Rohe and Philip Johnson (Seagram Building, NYC)

•Movement towards simplicity in either geometric or organic shapes (like painting); height represents power, authority, status

•Modern Skyscraper: “glass box”, combination of masonry, glass, steel= height, simplistic

•The common characteristics of the International Style include: a radical simplification of form, a rejection of ornament, and adoption of glass, steel and concrete as preferred materials. Further, the transparency of buildings, construction (called the honest expression of structure), and acceptance of industrialized mass-production techniques contributed to the International Style's design philosophy; developed in 1920’s and 30’s, (think Le Corbusier’s Villa Savoye, white home, lifted off ground, geometric and organic).

Le Corbusier (Chapelle de Notre Dame du Haut) Mies van der Rohe and Philip Johnson,

Seagram Building, NY,

1956-58 Eero Saarinen's TWA Terminal, JFK Airport, New York

1970’s and 1980’s

•Architects: John Burgee, Michael Graves (Portland Building), Phillip Johnson (AT&T Building, NYC), Richard Rogers and Renzo Piano (Pompidou Center, Paris)

•Reaction AGAINST __MODERNISM’S______impersonal, rigid corporate buildings

•Combined elements of past architectural vocabulary (pediment, columns, capitals, arcade, colonnade, etc.

Johnson, AT&T hdqtrs, NY, 1979-84;

(Chippendale highboy, 1775, below)

1970’s on, Mostly Late 20th Century

•Architects: Gunter Behnisch, Frank Ghery (Disney Concert Hall)

•Meant to disorient the viewer, disrupt the conventional categories of architecture

•Focus on asymmetry, unconformity, irregularity Gehry, Walt Disney Concert Hall in LA •Art created by minority groups

•Art explores racial prejudice and stereotypes

•Influenced by Civil Rights movements, Feminist movements, politics, etc

Nam June Paik

“Pre-Bell-Man”, statue in front of the 'Museum für Kommunikation', Frankfurt am Main, Germany Ana Mendieta Judy Chicago Barbara Kruger

Earth Body Sculpture and Performance, 1972-1985, Ana Mendieta