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2-4 Regional Disaster Management Capacity of DDPM Staff and Village People Is Enhanced to Promote Disaster Management Activities at Village Level

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2-4 Regional Disaster Management Capacity of DDPM Staff and Village People Is Enhanced to Promote Disaster Management Activities at Village Level 2-4 Regional Disaster Management Capacity of DDPM staff and village people is enhanced to promote disaster management activities at village level 2-4-1 Understanding the current situation in Thailand 1) Administration units in Thailand and disaster management plan The administration unit in Thailand is composed of Province (Chanwat), District (Amphoe), Tambon and Community (Muban). The biggest administration unit is Province (Chanwat). There are 75 provinces in Thailand and the governor of the province is appointed by the Ministry of Interior. Under the province, lies the district (Amphoe). There are 877 districts in Thailand. The chief of the district is called “Nai Amphoe : The district Chief Officer is appointed by the Ministry of Interior. The Tambon is situated under the district. There are 7,254 Tambons in Thailand. With the Tambon Council and Tambon Administrative Authority Act BE 2537 (1994)[2] and later by the constitution of 1997 the Tambon were decentralized into local government units with an elected Tambon Council. Depending on the size and tax income, Tambons may either be administrated by Tambon Administrative Organization (TAO) or a Tambon Council (TC). The TAO or TC consists of two representatives from each village (Muban) in the Tambon. From the group a leader is chosen, who is called “kamnan”. Village (Muban) is the smallest administration unit in Thailand. There are 69,307 villages in Thailand. The head of the village called “Phu Yai Ban” is elected by direct election. Table 2-4-1 Administration Unit in Thailand and Pilot Project Site Phuket Mae Hong Son Chumpong Region South North North Province (Chanwat) Phuket Mae Hong Son Chumpong District (Amphoe) Tha Lang District Pai District Tha Sae Tambon Moo.5 mai Kao Wieng Tai Tha Kham Community (Muban) Baan Tha Chat Chai Baan Nam Hu Baan Nong Rieng * There is no administration unit for region now, but sometimes used to point rough area <Regional Disaster Management Plan> The new Disaster Prevention and Mitigation Act (2007), stipulates that the Disaster Prevention and Mitigation Plan shall be formulated at the national and provincial 2-40 level. Also, that the formulation of disaster prevention and mitigation plan at the provincial level shall be vested upon a committee with members representing municipalities and the Tambon administrative office and chaired by the Provincial Governor. While the Act does not require separate disaster prevention and mitigation plans at the Tambon and Village Levels, the Provincial Governor may require disaster prone Tambon to prepare a disaster mitigation plan. Thus, the present situation of disaster prevention and mitigation plan is as shown below. Table 2-4-2 Required Disaster Management Plan in New Act DPM Plan Required by Act Not Required by Act /Existing National DPM Plan ○ Provincial DPM Plan ○ District/Municipality Bangkok only ○ Tambon ○ Village ○ In the selected pilot areas, the situation is as follows. Table 2-4-3 Situation of Regional Disaster Management Plan in Pilot Project Area DPM Plan Required by Act Not Required by Not Required by /Existing Act/Existing Act/not existing Phuket (tsunami) Province DPM Plan ○ Tambon Mai Khao ○ V. Baan Tha Chat Chai ○ Chumporn (Flood) Province DPM Plan ○ Tha Sae District ○ Tambon Tha Kam ○ V. Baan Nong Rieng ○ Mae Hong Sorn (Landslides and mudflow) Province DPM Plan ○ Pai District (individual ○ hazard plan) V. Baan Nam Hu ○ * V. : Village 2-41 2-4-2 Activity and Output 1) Select three pilot areas, one each for tsunami, floods and landslides In the first meeting between DDPM and the JICA expert team, it was agreed that the basic policy of this theme shall be the bottom-up principal. The regional disaster management plan shall be revised / created by the result of a pilot project in three areas. Three pilot project areas shown in Table 2-4 were proposed in the inception report by the JICA Expert Team and were approved by the JCC. Target communities in the three pilot project areas were decided based on site reconnaissance and several discussions among the related organizations and participants. The selection criteria of the target communities are tabulated in Table 2-4-4 and the three selected target communities are tabulated in Table 2-4-5. Table 2-4-4 Selection Criteria of Target Community for the Pilot Project 1. Disaster history of the proposed pilot area 2. Willingness of the Tambon officials and communities to participate in the pilot project 3. Number of people prone to the hazard (exposure level of community to the risk) 4. No existing community based disaster management projects currently implemented or have been implemented 5. Presence of a school within the community and willingness of school officials to participate in the pilot project 6. Accessibility of the pilot area 7. Safety of Experts and DDPM counterpart staff while working in the pilot area 2-42 Table 2-4-5 Concluded Pilot Areas Target disaster and Selected Community for the Reasons of the Selection Area Pilot Project Phuket Baan Tha Chat Chai 1. Baan Tha Chat is the ancient (Tsunami) Moo.5 mai Kao Sub-district, community more than other candidate Tha Lang District villages. The people in the community are willing to cooperate. 2. School is ready to participate with the project. 3. The community never participated with the CBDRM before Mae Hong Son Baan Nam Hu 1. This area will get the advantage more (Landslide) Wieng Tai Sub-district than other candidate villages because Pai District this area covers 2 villages which got the effect from landslide. There are Baan Son Ti Chon and Baan Mai Sa Ha Sampan. 2. The area has 2 schools that area ready to participate in the project; Pai Wittayakom School and Prachanukroh School. 3. The people in the community would like to participate very much because there is a high risk and they experienced a land slide before. Chumpon Baan Nong Rieng 1. The location of Baan Nong Rieng is (Flood) Tha Kham Sub-district, the place where 2 rivers meet. There Tha Sae District are Lab Lor River and Tha Sae River. So that this area is at risk more that other candidate villages. 2. Baan Nong Rientg is flooded every year so the community needs to prepare themselves for disaster prevention and mitigation. 3. The area has 2 schools that are ready to participate in the project; Baan Hard Hong School and Tha Kham Wittaya School. 2) Implement CBDRM, DIG and Evacuation drill a) Background The “Bottom-top approach” was employed in this project. Using the bottom-top approach, this project calls for the involvement of the people at the village level to develop a village level disaster prevention plan, which will then be integrated into the Tambon plan. The Tambon plan will input tthe provincial plan that will be collated to form the regional plan. The participatory approach was employed in all activities. Participation was envisioned at 2-43 different levels, to wit: 1. Creation of a Sub-task Force in each participating Province. 2. Conduct of disaster prevention planning at the village level using the community-based disaster risk management (CBDRM) process. Part of the enhancement strategy is to create task forces with members coming from various disaster management-related agencies. For this achievement, Task Forces 3 and 4 were created, initially separately, which was immediately combined under the chairmanship of DDPM. Several meetings were held in order to thresh out the approach and detailed activities for this achievement. Inasmuch as the members of Task Force 3&4 are based in Bangkok, while the activities are mostly concentrated in the pilot provinces, more specifically in the pilot village, there was identified the need to create sub-task forces in the pilot provinces. These sub-task forces will work closely with Task Force 3&4. Sub-task Forces were created by the Command of the pilot provinces, namely Mae Hong Sorn, Chumporn and Phuket. The Command identified the members of the Sub-task Force. It also enumerated the functions of the Sub-task Force, to wit: a. Provide support and full cooperation on the Project implementation in the pilot area b. Select the pilot area c. Decide on the methodology and form of cooperation and support to the project implementation that is consistent with the Civil Defense Plan of the Province d. Decide on the methodology and process of hazard mapping in the pilot area e. Decide and cooperate on the development of early warning systems in the pilot area f. Participate on the conduct of evacuation drill in the pilot area b) Outline of the Activities The activities are sequentially executed during the Expert’s assignment in Thailand. By the end of year one of the Project implementation, the pilot areas have tested the evacuation procedures (evacuation drill) and the warning system installed by the project. The activities leading to the evacuation drill are shown below. I. September to November 2006 a. Organization of Sub-task force in pilot areas b. Selection of Pilot Area c. Data collection on disaster prevention and mitigation plans at all levels II. January to March 2007 2-44 a. Conduct of CBDRM in pilot areas i. Prepare community-based hazard map in each pilot area ii. Prepare community-based risk map in each pilot area iii. Organization of Village Disaster Prevention and Mitigation (VDPM) Group in the pilot area b. Preliminary review of disaster prevention and mitigation plans at all levels III. May to August 2007 a. Development of community-based early warning system b. Preparation of evacuation plan at communities c. Execution of evacuation plan (evacuation drill) d. Execution of DIG Workshops c) Execution of CBDRM Workshop The participants to the CBDRM workshop were guided by the DDPM staff and the Project Expert to prepare the following: 1.
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