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Jeremy Braithwaite, Ma UC Irvine UC Irvine Electronic Theses and Dissertations Title Of Salmon, Spirits, Silence, and Steam: A Study of Sexual Violence in Rural Alaska Permalink https://escholarship.org/uc/item/9s86v4f1 Author Braithwaite, Jeremy Publication Date 2016 Peer reviewed|Thesis/dissertation eScholarship.org Powered by the California Digital Library University of California UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, IRVINE Of Salmon, Spirits, Silence, and Steam: A Study of Sexual Violence in Rural Alaska DISSERTATION Submitted in partial satisfaction of the requirements for the degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY in Criminology, Law and Society by Jeremy Braithwaite Dissertation Committee: Professor Elliott Currie, Chair Professor John Dombrink Professor Emeritus James Diego Vigil 2016 © 2016 Jeremy Braithwaite TABLE OF CONTENTS LIST OF FIGURES iii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS iv CURRICULUM VITAE vi ABSTRACT OF DISSERTATION xv CHAPTER 1: THE WOMAN IN THE MOON 1 CHAPTER 2: RAPE CAPITAL 6 CHAPTER 3: THE SHORTEST DISTANCE BETWEEN TWO PEOPLE IS A 23 STORY CHAPTER 4: IT’S WHO I AM, IT’S WHAT I WAS BORN INTO, IT’S MY 49 STRENGTH CHAPTER 5: CULTURE AND COMMUNITY OR CASH AND 93 CORPORATIONS? CHAPTER 6: THE PHENOMENOLOGY OF VIOLENCE 126 CHAPTER 7: WHO’S GONNA HELP YOU, ANYWAY? 169 CHAPTER 8: I’M LETTING THAT GO: HEALING, RECOVERY, AND 197 NOTIONS OF JUSTICE CHAPTER 9: BRINGING HOME THE WOMAN IN THE MOON 226 REFERENCES 263 APPENDIX I: POST-INTERVIEW SURVEY RESULTS 277 APPENDIX II: INTERVIEW SCHEDULE 284 ii LIST OF FIGURES Page Figure 3.1: Bristol Bay Region 26 Figure 3.2: Front View of SAFE 30 Figure 4.1: Outside View of a Maqii 67 Figure 4.2: Inside View of a Maqii 67 Figure 5.1: Change in Bristol Bay Drift Permit Ownership, 1975-2014 99 Figure 6.1: South End of HUD 162 Figure 6.2: North End of HUD 163 Figure 6.3: North End of HUD 163 iii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS First and foremost, I wish to offer my deepest gratitude to the women on whose lives and experiences this work is built. They have gone through experiences that no human being should ever be made to suffer. For your bravery, patience, understanding, and compassion, I wish to say to all of you: Quyana tamarpetci! To my chair, Elliott Currie: No doubt that I owe you a significant debt of gratitude for guiding my development as a scholar. It is no secret that I have been at your heels for the past six years, since taking my first criminology course with you. You are indeed “the whole package” and the type of person I aspire to be. Your wisdom, intellect, humor, can-do attitude, and willingness to take risks (not in the criminogenic sense!) were what got me through not only the dissertation, but my entire career at UCI. Thank you, EC, for believing in me, taking a chance on the work, and helping me see the bigger picture! I also would like to thank John Dombrink for his unwavering support on this project, as well as guiding me through the graduate program. John, you facilitated my entrée into CLS and always took great strides to make me feel welcome at UCI. As I’ve told you a time or two, I always feel inspired after our conversations, as your questions and comments always take me to the “unknown.” Your input on this project indeed shaped its growth over the past three years. Thanks for everything. To James Diego Vigil: I cannot thank you enough for your flexibility to come on board with this project at the eleventh hour. Your wealth of knowledge and experience in this area was indeed “the missing piece” on this dissertation and my work is better for having your eyes on this. I look forward to working with you more in my post-graduate life. Ms. Desa Jacobsson: I am profoundly thankful for our friendship and free exchange of ideas. We met as two complete strangers and within a couple hours, we built the beginning of what I hope to be a lifelong friendship. This work would not reflect the lives of the women of rural Alaska without your teachings and stories. Truly, you are larger than life! To Ms. Vicki D’Amico and Mr. Gerry Hope: You were kind enough to open your home to me as I continued to search for additional information for this project. I want to thank you for your hospitality, grace, and patience in walking me through Alaska state history, village dynamics, and the plight of Alaska Native women. This project would not have been possible without the initial efforts of Ms. Virginia Baim, who made time for setting things in motion with this project in the midst of her retirement from SAFE. Ginger, you are an asset to the Bristol Bay community and the state of Alaska. Your dedication to the field, compassion for human life, and your ability to approach life with a fine balance of humor and diligence are qualities I admire greatly. I also wish to extend my deepest appreciation to Safe And Fear-free Environment (SAFE), whose dedication, wisdom, and leadership shaped the development of this project from start to finish. Lisa, Ginger, Marilyn, Danielle, iv and Karen: No doubt you’ll recall the occasional backlash that we encountered during the course of this project. Thank you for unwavering support and belief in me. To have worked under your tutelage and expertise is an honor and privilege. In the years to come, I hope that we may continue our relationship. Finally, I must acknowledge and celebrate the never-ending contributions of Ms. Lisa Haggblom. Lisa, you are presented as a “gatekeeper” in this manuscript, but this role is minor compared to your role as a friend. Thank you for everything. v CURRICULUM VITAE JEREMY BRAITHWAITE, M.A. 4328 VIA MARINA #B MARINA DEL REY CA ~ 90292 (630) 621-6031 ~ [email protected] EDUCATION* Ph.D. Criminology, Law & Society, University of California, Irvine, 2016 Dissertation: Of Salmon, Spirits, Silence, and Steam: An Analysis of Rural Alaska Native Survivors of Sexual Violence Advisor: Elliott Currie, PhD M.A. Sociology, Illinois State University, 2010. B.A. Psychology & English, Illinois State University, 2007 (graduated summa cum laude). *Minor in German studies PROFESSIONAL EXPERIENCE Evaluation Manager, Social Solutions International, Inc., Silver Springs, Maryland, January 2010-present o Oversee technical aspects of all research and evaluation projects o Maintain the highest standards of methodological rigor o Analyze complex quantitative and qualitative datasets o Manage performance measurement standards on evaluations o Maintain and enhance business development activities, particularly research and evaluation opportunities o Coordinate with multiple staff members, subcontractors, and consultants on task management o Prepare complex documentation of research and evaluation activities, including results summaries, needs assessments, literature review, environmental/policy scans, and evaluation frameworks. Teaching Assistant, Department of Criminology, Law & Society, University of California, Irvine, January 2011-present. o Criminological Theory (undergraduate), Winter 2011 o Introduction to Criminology, Law & Society (undergraduate), Spring 2011 o Lecturer for two discussion seminar sections o Geographic Information Systems (undergraduate and graduate), Fall 2011 o Research Design (undergraduate) Winter 2012 o Lecturer for one discussion seminar section vi o Law & Modernity (undergraduate) Spring 2012 o Statistics II (graduate) Winter 2013 o Lecturer for two lab sections o Naturalistic Field Research (undergraduate) Spring 2013, Fall 2013 o Lecturer for one discussion seminar section o Crime and Public Policy (graduate) Winter 2014 o Statistics (graduate) Spring 2014, Spring 2015 o Law & Legal Institutions (graduate) Fall 2014 o Organizational Perspectives of the Legal System (graduate) Winter 2015 o Research Methods (graduate) Winter 2016 Statistical Consultant, University of Illinois, Chicago, 2009-2010. o Provided data entry, management, analysis and reporting of crime surveillance technologies in metropolitan Chicago CONSULTING WORK Solano County Health and Social Services, Solano County, CA. Women’s Re- entry Achievement Program (WRAP) (Contract No. 03402-14 A2). The WRAP evaluation will include baseline and follow up interviews and records based outcomes with 150 women participating in gender-responsive treatment during incarceration in county jail as well as other wraparound services upon release. The mission is to forge positive change in system delivery services to incarcerated persons and their families and to reduce recidivism and increase public safety in the Solano County community. The Lloyd Society, Kensington, Maryland. Examining the Health Impacts of Reuniting Incarcerated Women with their Children (California Endowment Grant 20111994, Principal Investigator: Nena Messina). The goal of this project is to increase community awareness about the negative impacts of incarceration on children and families, and to advocate for programs and policies that restore familial relationships. California Department of Corrections and Rehabilitation, Sacramento, CA. Beyond Violence: A Prevention Program for Criminal-Justice Involved Women (CDCR COOPERATIVE AGREEMENT NO. 5600004087, Principal Investigator: Nena Messina). This study is a collaboration between the CA Department of Corrections and Rehabilitation and the Center for Gender and Justice. The 12-month pilot study evaluates the quality and effectiveness of the Beyond Violence curricula delivered to women serving life sentences in two CA prisons. This curriculum is designed for women who have committed a violent/aggressive crime and are incarcerated. It is part of the gender-responsive and trauma-informed continuum
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