Automobily Lada 1970

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Automobily Lada 1970 Automobily Lada 1970–1990 Jan Tuček Automobily Lada Sovětské automobily Žiguli alias Lada si v sedmdesátých a osmdesátých letech minulého století získaly značnou oblibu nejen v zemích východního bloku, ale i na Západě. Tato kniha připomíná kariéru vozů z Togliatti v období 1970–1990, 1970 –1990 včetně prototypů, sportovních aktivit a afrických dobrodružství. Poprvé také přináší podrobný přehled jejich produkce a dovozu do Československa. Jan Tuček Automobily Lada 1970–1990 Automobily Lada Grada Publishing, a. s. Jan Tuček U Průhonu 22, 170 00 Praha 7 tel.: +420 234 264 401, fax: +420 234 264 400 e-mail: [email protected], www.grada.cz Automobily Lada 1970 –1990 Jan Tuček Grada Publishing Upozornění pro čtenáře a uživatele této knihy Všechna práva vyhrazena. Žádná část této tištěné či elektronické knihy nesmí být reprodukována a šířena v papírové, elektronické či jiné podobě bez předchozího písemného souhlasu nakladatele. Neoprávněné užití této knihy bude trestně stíháno. Jan Tuček Automobily Lada 1970–1990 TIRÁŽ TIŠTĚNÉ PUBLIKACE: Vydala Grada Publishing, a. s. U Průhonu 22, Praha 7 [email protected], www.grada.cz tel.: +420 234 264 401, fax: +420 234 264 400 jako svou 4981. publikaci Odpovědný redaktor Petr Somogyi Grafická úprava a sazba Jakub Náprstek Počet stran 160 První vydání, Praha 2012 Vytiskly Tiskárny Havlíčkův Brod, a.s. © Grada Publishing, a.s., 2012 Cover & Layout Design © Jakub Náprstek, 2012 Názvy produktů, firem apod. použité v knize mohou být ochrannými známkami nebo registrovanými ochrannými známkami příslušných vlastníků. ISBN 978-80-247-4161-1 ELEKTRONICKÉ PUBLIKACE: ISBN 978-80-247-7147-2 (ve formátu PDF) ISBN 978-80-247-7150-2 (ve formátu EPUB) Obsah Pár vět na úvod ...........................................7 Žiguli a Lada u nás .................... 73 Postrach škodovek ..................................... 74 Zázrak v Povolží .......................... 9 Pouze Lada ............................................... 78 Renault, nebo Fiat? .................................... 10 Z Brna na Saharu ....................................... 81 Šibeniční termín........................................ 11 Nedostatkové zboží .................................... 84 Fiat se proměnil v Žiguli ............................ 12 Pozvolný start ........................................... 14 Lada ve světě ............................ 91 Do celého světa ......................................... 92 První generace .......................... 17 Niva a její sestry ....................................... 94 Pionýr ...................................................... 18 Osmdesátá léta.......................................... 97 Kombi ....................................................... 21 Sovětský luxus .......................................... 23 Na sportovních tratích ..............101 Čtvrtý v řadě ............................................. 27 Sázka na výdrž ........................................ 102 Luxus podruhé ........................................... 29 Body z mistrovství světa........................... 103 Kombinace ................................................ 30 Se značkou MTX ...................................... 105 S kódem RPD ............................................. 33 Nová generace ........................................ 109 Samara ................................................... 112 Hit jménem Niva ........................ 35 Auto pro vesničany .................................... 36 Lada v Africe ............................115 Bod zlomu ................................................. 37 S motory VAZ ........................................... 116 Zkoušky, zkoušky… ................................... 39 Niva se mění ........................................... 119 Komplikace ............................................... 41 Niva a celebrity ....................................... 122 Předstihla konkurenci ................................ 42 Lada a Porsche ........................................ 126 Obojživelník .............................................. 47 Tečka jménem Oka ....................129 Omlazená klasika ...................... 49 Oka poprvé .............................................. 130 Vlastní cestou ........................................... 50 Oka podruhé ............................................ 130 VAZ-2105 .................................................. 51 Malá a skromná ....................................... 132 Vlajková loď ............................................. 53 Nové kombi ............................................... 56 Přehled výroby Ještě jednou RPD ...................................... 58 automobilů Lada-VAZ ................135 Samara alias Sputnik ................. 59 Tabulky technických údajů ........139 Přední pohon ............................................. 60 Přes překážky ........................................... 61 Barevné vzpomínky ...................145 S Němci a Italy ......................................... 62 Nová řada ................................................. 65 Pár slov na závěr ..................................... 158 Pár vět na úvod Po srpnu roku 1968 a po vpádu ozbrojených sil bil na automobilovém trhu převrat. Škodovky s moto- zemí Varšavské smlouvy – a zejména tanků Sovětské rem vzadu se rázem ocitly v roli outsiderů a poprvé armády – do Československa jsme nad zprávami ze v historii zemí východního bloku u nás nabídka osob- SSSR většinou ohrnovali nos. Výjimkou byly ty, jež ních automobilů převyšovala poptávku, tedy alespoň se týkaly přípravy výroby v nově budované mamutí kvantitativně… automobilce v Povolží. A když se v létě 1970 začala Na Západ – a od jara roku 1975 i k nám – se vozy v Togliatti rozjíždět první výrobní linka, nestačili z Togliatti vyvážely pod značkou Lada. Získaly si pracovníci v Mototechně a redaktoři motoristických oblibu těch, kdo neměli peněz nazbyt a ke každo- časopisů zvedat telefony. Kdy přijdou k nám, kolik dennímu životu potřebovali praktický a spolehlivý budou stát, budou se prodávat volně, nebo na pořad- automobil. A nebylo jich málo, v roce 1979 prodeje ník? Během prvního pololetí 1971 už jsme vozy automobilů Lada ve Velké Británii kulminovaly nad VAZ-2101 alias Žiguli znali z desítek článků, jimiž hranicí 22 tisíc vozů, ve Francii se jich v témže roce nás masíroval odborný i denní tisk. Zatímco v poli- prodalo přes 16 tisíc, v Belgii 12 tisíc a v západním tických kruzích doznívala první vlna posrpnové nor- Německu 10 tisíc. Doslova hitem západoevropských malizace, lid motoristický svůj pohled na Sovětský trhů se na přelomu sedmdesátých a osmdesátých let svaz měnil. Větší či menší stupeň opovržení střídala stala Lada Niva, kompaktní třídveřové kombi zcela zvědavost a nedočkavost. civilního vzhledu se stálým pohonem čtyř kol, které Počátkem června 1971 se nové sovětské automo- bez potíží dokázalo ze silnice zamířit do terénu a zase bily dostaly i na jednání federální vlády. První stovky zpět. Niva byla předobrazem vozů dnes tak rozšířené vozů z Togliatti už byly na cestě do Československa kategorie SUV, jen předběhla dobu o více než deseti- a kabinet musel určit pravidla pro jejich uvedení na letí. A mimochodem – vyrábí se dodnes. tuzemský trh. Nebyla to jen banální komerční zále- V roce 1980 v Togliatti vyrobili rekordních 727 tisíc žitost, ale otázka ideologická a politická. Vozy Žiguli automobilů, v dalších letech se však museli potýkat šly na volný trh za rozumnou cenu, navíc ceny již s generační obměnou. V první fázi postupně moder- dříve nabízených automobilů byly lehce upraveny nizovali vnější vzhled i interiér automobilů klasické tak, aby se sovětskou novinkou zbytečně nekolido- koncepce, souběžně však ve spolupráci se západoně- valy. Po osobním seznámení se „žigulíkem“ odkládali meckou firmou Porsche vyvíjeli zcela novou řadu černé brýle i ti největší škarohlídi. Racionálně kon- vozů s motorem vpředu napříč a pohonem předních struované a solidně stavěné auto klasické koncepce kol. Nový vůz jménem Samara se poprvé objevil na s dostatkem prostoru pro cestující i zavazadla bylo veřejnosti na podzim 1984 a jeho sériová výroba se pro východoevropské podmínky ideální a nezaleklo rozběhla v roce následujícím. Byl určen především se ani silnic plných záplat a děr. Jen občas si poskočila pro západní trhy, na nichž opticky modernizované tuhá zadní náprava a sovětské pneumatiky zhotovené modely klasické koncepce ztrácely pozice. Obměna z těžko definovatelné černé hmoty, které někteří smíš- se podařila, koncem osmdesátých let značka Lada kové přezdívali „lisovaná tma“, se rychle sjely, ale to dosahovala nových výrobních rekordů nad hranicí našince nemohlo odradit. 730 tisíc automobilů ročně a v západoevropských Během první poloviny sedmdesátých let se vozy zemích se znovu vyšvihla vzhůru: ve Velké Británii Žiguli staly skutečným fenoménem. Jejich poměrně až na rekordních 30 tisíc vozů ročně, ve Francii nad masivní dovoz k nám – až 35 tisíc kusů ročně – způso- 20 tisíc, v západním Německu na 11 tisíc. 7 Automobily lAdA 1970–1990 Horší to bylo u nás. Ne, zájem o sovětské automo- tehdejší úrovni dovozu by někteří z nich museli na bily neupadal, lidé byli lační i modernizovaných „žigu- svůj vůz čekat celé desetiletí. Jenže přišel listopad 1989, líků“ hranatých tvarů, jejich dovoz se však ve srovnání neživotný systém se zhroutil a všechny záznamy byly s předchozím desetiletím hluboce propadl. Neuspoko- k ničemu. Zatímco u nás se počátkem devadesátých jených zájemců přibývalo a v rozhodujících chvílích let zrodilo tržní prostředí – a nejen v oboru automo- neváhali se spacákem
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