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Hay for Horses: Alfalfa Or Grass?
HAY FOR HORSES: ALFALFA OR GRASS? Anne Rodiek1 ABSTRACT Alfalfa hay is an excellent source of energy, protein, calcium and some other nutrients for horses. Its concentrations of protein and calcium meet the nutrient needs of horses in high levels of production, such as growth and lactation, but exceed the nutrient requirements of horses in other life stages. Controversy exists over the best use of alfalfa in horse rations. Grass hays are also popular for horses because of their lower energy, protein and calcium concentrations. Grass hay meets more closely the nutrient requirements of the largest percentage of horses, the idle horse. Tradition plays a large role in the selection of feeds for horses. Hay producers can help educate horse people about what hays are most beneficial to horses in different life stages. Key Words: alfalfa hay, grass hay, horses, nutrient requirements INTRODUCTION Alfalfa hay has been both heralded and maligned as a feed for horses. Tradition holds that timothy hay and oats are the best feeds for horses, and that alfalfa and corn spell disaster. Alfalfa hay may not be the best feed for all horses in all situations, but it contains nutrients needed for many classes of horses. Grass hay falls short of meeting the nutrient requirements of high production life stages, but is an excellent filler for horses that require bulk in the diet. An understanding of the nutrient requirements of horses compared to the nutrient content of alfalfa hay or grass hay will help nutritionists, hay producers, and horse owners make informed decisions about what type of hay to feed to horses. -
KAMUT® Brand Khorasan Wheat Whole Grain US Senator For
The Ancient Grain for Modern Life—Our mission is to promote organic agriculture and support organic farmers, to increase diversity of crops and diets and to protect the heritage of a high quality, delicious an- January 2013 cient grain for the benefit of this and future generations. Eat the Whole Thing: KAMUT® Brand Khorasan Wheat Whole Grain UPCOMING Whole grains are an important and tasty way of including complex carbohydrates in a healthy EVENTS diet. Depending on your age, health, weight, and activity level, the USDA recommends that Americans consume at least three portions, from 1.5 ounces (young children) to 8 ounces (older 20 – 22 January boys and young adult men) of grains a day, and that more than half of those grains should be 2013* - National As- whole grains. The US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) defines “whole grain to include cere- sociation for the Spe- al grains that consist of the intact, ground, cracked or flaked fruit of the grains whose principal cialty Food Trade, components -- the starchy endosperm, germ and bran -- are present in the same relative propor- Fancy Food Show, San tions as they exist in the intact grain.” Francisco, CA, USA Each part of the grain is healthful, but consuming them “whole” provides all of the benefits work- ing together. The FDA recognizes that whole grains provide energy and provide reduced risk for 25 January 2013 – disease including bowl disorders, cancer, heart disease and high cholesterol, stroke, high blood Annual KAMUT® Grower’s Dinner, Re- pressure, obesity and Type 2 diabetes. gina, SK, Canada In order to help you find good whole grain products, a lot of packaging includes the helpful term “whole grain” on the front or even better includes Whole Grains Council stamps. -
Khorasan (Kamut® Brand) Wheat
Khorasan (Kamut® Brand) Wheat Introduction Khorasan wheat (Triticum turgidum, ssp. turanicum) is an ancient wheat variety that originated in the Fertile Crescent in Western Asia. It is a relative of durum wheat and is believed to have come to North America from Egypt, following World War II. It was rediscovered in 1977 by a Montana farmer who spent the next few years propagating the small supply of original seed. In 1990, khorasan wheat was first sold under the trademark KAMUT® in the United States. The trademark was implemented to preserve minimum standards for the khorasan wheat variety and to ensure consistent quality and market supply. KAMUT® wheat is currently only grown as KAMUT® wheat has larger heads, awns and kernels than an organic certified grain and hard red spring wheat and durum. marketed to various countries Photo courtesy T. Blyth, Kamut International around the world. Plant Adaptation KAMUT® wheat production is well suited to growing conditions found in southern Alberta and southern Saskatchewan, similar to durum. Northern regions with cooler, wetter conditions are less favorable for KAMUT® wheat production as disease risk may be greater and the crop requires about 100 days to mature after seeding or approximately one week later than spring wheat. KAMUT® wheat will grow well in any soil that is suitable for other cereal grain production. KAMUT® wheat has a growth pattern similar to spring wheat varieties. Each sprouted kernel produces one or two stems per seed, and each stem produces a large head with long black awns. It has moderate straw strength and grows to approximately 127 cm (4.2 ft) tall. -
What About Hay?
Small Ruminant Series What About Hay? by Dr. Rick Machen Associate Professor & Extension Livestock Specialist Texas Agric ultural Exte nsio n Service, Uvalde Rumina nts ( goats, cattle, sheep, deer, ante lope, elk, bison, etc.) are, by desi gn, grazi ng animals. Their rumen, the largest gastrointestinal compartment, is an environment wherein bacteria anaerobically ferment (digest) forages. This unique digestive process converts solar energy captured by plants into higher quality, more nutrient dense foods like milk and meat. Compared to harvest by a grazing animal, hay production is an expensive process, involving fossi l fuel, mac hinery and man- hours. Haying als o involves si gnificant s oil nutri ent relocation when compared to grazing. Protein ( nitrogen) and minerals harveste d and hauled off the soil of a hay meadow or field must be replaced if optimal hay production is to be maintained. Grazing, on the other hand, is part of a natural cycle. A portion of the nitrogen and minerals from the consumed forage is returned to the soil with urine and feces. So, whether it s feeding beef cows on the open range or goats in a small paddock, hay is not a supplement - it is a substitute. A s ubstitute for the s tanding forage or browse that makes up the diet of a ruminant animal in their natural habitat. As shown in the Table 1, the typical diet of a foraging goat ranges from !S to ½ browse and ½ to !S grass, depending upon season and availability of the respective forages. Goats are opportunistic grazers and will select a diversity of plants to result in the highest attai nable diet quality. -
A Review on KAMUT Khorasan Wheat
International Journal of Food Sciences and Nutrition ISSN: 0963-7486 (Print) 1465-3478 (Online) Journal homepage: http://www.tandfonline.com/loi/iijf20 Ancient wheat and health: a legend or the reality? A review on KAMUT khorasan wheat Alessandra Bordoni, Francesca Danesi, Mattia Di Nunzio, Annalisa Taccari & Veronica Valli To cite this article: Alessandra Bordoni, Francesca Danesi, Mattia Di Nunzio, Annalisa Taccari & Veronica Valli (2017) Ancient wheat and health: a legend or the reality? A review on KAMUT khorasan wheat, International Journal of Food Sciences and Nutrition, 68:3, 278-286, DOI: 10.1080/09637486.2016.1247434 To link to this article: https://doi.org/10.1080/09637486.2016.1247434 © 2016 The Author(s). Published by Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group Published online: 28 Oct 2016. Submit your article to this journal Article views: 2866 View related articles View Crossmark data Citing articles: 4 View citing articles Full Terms & Conditions of access and use can be found at http://www.tandfonline.com/action/journalInformation?journalCode=iijf20 INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCES AND NUTRITION, 2017 VOL. 68, NO. 3, 278–286 http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09637486.2016.1247434 COMPREHENSIVE REVIEW Ancient wheat and health: a legend or the reality? A review on KAMUT khorasan wheat Alessandra Bordonia,b , Francesca Danesia , Mattia Di Nunziob , Annalisa Taccaria and Veronica Vallia aDepartment of Agri-Food Sciences and Technologies, University of Bologna, Cesena, Italy; bInterdepartmental Centre of Agri-Food Research, University of Bologna, Cesena, Italy ABSTRACT ARTICLE HISTORY After WWII, the industrialized agriculture selected modern varieties of Triticum turgidum spp. Received 28 July 2016 durum and spp. -
John Percival
THE LINNEAN Wheat Taxonomy: the legacy of John Percival THE LINNEAN SOCIETY OF LONDON BURLINGTON HOUSE, PICCADILLY, LONDON WlJ OBF SPECIAL ISSUE No 3 2001 ACADEMIC PRESS LIMITED 32 Jam.estown Road London NWl 7BY Printed on acid free paper © 2001 The Linnean Society of London All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopy, recording, or any information storage or retrieval system without permission in writing from the publisher. The designations of geographic entities in this book, and the presentation of the material, do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the publishers, the Linnean Society, the editors or any other participating organisations concerning the legal status of any country, territory, or area, or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. The views expressed in this publication do not necessarily reflect those of The Society, the editors, or other participating organisations. Printed in Great Britain. Wheat Taxonomy: the legacy of John Percival Conference Participants (most of whom are identified by number on the key to the group photograph above). I. M. Ambrose,; 2. J. Bingham, UK; 3. R. Blatter, Switzerland; 4. A. Bomer, Germany; 5. A. Brandolini Italy; 6. R. Brigden, UK; 7. A. H. Bunting, UK; 8. P. Caligari, UK; 9. E.M.L.P. Clauss, USA; 10. P.O. Clauss, USA; 11 . K. Clavel, France; 12. P. Davis, UK; 13. J. Dvohik, USA; 14. !. Faberova, Czech Republic; 15 . A. A. Filatenko, Russia; 16. -
What Hay Is Right for Your Livestock
What Hay Is Right For Your Livestock Tom Gallagher Capital Area Agriculture Horticulture Program Livestock Specialist What Have We Learned So Far? • Renovate fields • Establish new stands • Maintain existing stands Harvesting • Haying equipment needed • Dry hay making large round & square bales • Making balage Storage • Round bales wrapped or stacked dry • Round bales wrapped or ensiled balage • Square bales in a barn • Knowing what you have Determining Forage Quality • Forage testing • Reading forage test results • Feed value terms Forage Quality • Determines feeding value and price • Determines Dry matter Intake (DMI) • Determines what livestock you will feed it to and when • Determines who you will sell it to or who will buy it Feeding Hay To Livestock • Horses • Cattle • Goats • Sheep • Alpacas Factors To Consider When Choosing A Hay To Feed • Clean hay • Nutrient value • Type of animal being fed • Maturity Clean Hay Free Of Mold And Dust Causes of Moldy or Dusty Hay • Rained on after it was cut • Baled too green (over 15% moisture) • Baled to dry • Improper storage • Weeds • Feeding on the ground • Floods How To Determine If Hay Is Moldy Or Dusty • See the mold on the outside of the bale • Smell the mold • See the mold or dust when feeding • The bale feels wet or hot • Heavy bales Nutrient Value Of Hay Legumes- – High in protein 15-20% – High in energy (ton) 48-55% – High in calcium 0.9-1.5% Grasses- – Protein 7-11% – Energy 42-50% – Calcium .3-.5% Why the wide ranges legume to legume or grass to grass. Matching Hay Type To The Horse Not all horses have the same nutrient needs • High nutrient requirements – Growing horses – Lactating mares – Working draft breeds – Racing horses Early-maturity alfalfa, alfalfa grass or grass hay are more palatable and higher in nutrients. -
An Organic Khorasan Wheat-Based Replacement Diet Improves Risk Profile of Patients with Acute Coronary Syndrome: a Randomized Crossover Trial
Nutrients 2015, 7, 3401-3415; doi:10.3390/nu7053401 OPEN ACCESS nutrients ISSN 2072-6643 www.mdpi.com/journal/nutrients Article An Organic Khorasan Wheat-Based Replacement Diet Improves Risk Profile of Patients with Acute Coronary Syndrome: A Randomized Crossover Trial Anne Whittaker 1, Francesco Sofi 2,3,4,*, Maria Luisa Eliana Luisi 4, Elena Rafanelli 4, Claudia Fiorillo 5, Matteo Becatti 5, Rosanna Abbate 3, Alessandro Casini 2, Gian Franco Gensini 3 and Stefano Benedettelli 1 1 Department of Agrifood Production and Environmental Sciences, University of Florence, Piazzale delle Cascine 18, 50144 Florence, Italy; E-Mails: [email protected] (A.W.); [email protected] (S.B.) 2 Unit of Clinical Nutrition, Careggi University Hospital, Largo Brambilla 3, 50134 Florence, Italy; E-Mail: [email protected] 3 Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Largo Brambilla 3, 50134, Florence, Italy; E-Mails: [email protected] (R.A.); [email protected] (G.F.G.) 4 Don Carlo Gnocchi Foundation Florence, Via di Scandicci 269, 50143, Florence, Italy; E-Mails: [email protected] (M.L.L.); [email protected] (E.R.) 5 Department of Clinical and Experimental Biomedical Sciences, Interdipartimental Center for Research on Food and Nutrition, University of Florence, Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, 50019, Italy; E-Mails: [email protected] (C.F.); [email protected] (M.B.) * Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: [email protected]; Tel.: +39-055-7949420; Fax: +39-055-7949418. Received: 20 November 2014 / Accepted: 21 April 2015 / Published: 11 May 2015 Abstract: Khorasan wheat is an ancient grain with previously reported health benefits in clinically healthy subjects. -
Part B Other Products Referred to in Article 2(1)
Part B Other products referred to in Article 2(1) Other products References to Part A to which the same MRLs apply (1) Main product of the group or subgroup Code number Category Code number or Common names/synonyms Scientific names Name of the group or subgroup 0110010-001 Natsudaidais Citrus natsudaidai 0110010-002 Shaddocks/pomelos Citrus maxima; syn: Citrus grandis 0110010-003 Sweeties/oroblancos Citrus grandis x Citrus paradisi 0110010 Grapefruits 0110010-004 Tangelolos Citrus paradisi x tangelo 0110010-005 Tangelos (except minneolas)/Ugli® Citrus tangelo 0110010-990 Other hybrids of Citrus paradisi , not elsewhere mentioned 0110020-001 Bergamots Citrus bergamia 0110020-002 Bitter oranges/sour oranges Citrus aurantium 0110020-003 Blood oranges Citrus sinensis 0110020 Oranges 0110020-004 Cara caras Citrus sinensis 0110020-005 Chinottos Citrus myrtifolia 0110020-006 Trifoliate oranges Poncirus trifoliata 0110020-990 Other hybrids of Citrus sinensis, not elsewhere mentioned 0110030-001 Buddha's hands/Buddha's fingers Citrus medica var. sarcodactyla 0110030 Lemons 0110030-002 Citrons Citrus medica 0110040-001 Indian sweet limes/Palestine sweet limes Citrus limettioides 0110040-002 Kaffir limes Citrus hystrix 0110040 Limes 0110040-003 Sweet limes/mosambis Citrus limetta 0110040-004 Tahiti limes Citrus latifolia 0110040-005 Limequats Citrus aurantiifolia x Fortunella spp. 0110050-001 Calamondins Citrus madurensis 0110050-002 Clementines Citrus clementina 0110050-003 Cleopatra mandarins Citrus reshni 0110050-004 Minneolas Citrus tangelo 0110050 Mandarins 0110050-005 Satsumas/clausellinas Citrus unshiu 0110050-006 Tangerines/dancy mandarins Citrus tangerina 0110050-007 Tangors Citrus nobilis 0110050-990 Other hybrids of Citrus reticulata , not elsewhere mentioned 0120010-001 Apricot kernels Armeniaca vulgaris; syn: Prunus armeniaca 0120010-002 Bitter almonds Amygdalus communis var. -
Understanding Forage Quality
Suggested retail price $3.50 Understanding forage quality Don Ball Mike Collins Garry Lacefield Neal Martin David Mertens Ken Olson Dan Putnam Dan Undersander Mike Wolf Contents Understanding forage quality 1 What is forage quality? 2 Factors affecting forage quality 3 Species differences 3 Temperature 3 Maturity stage 4 Leaf-to-stem ratio 4 Grass-legume mixtures 5 Fertilization 5 Daily fluctuations in forage quality 5 Variety effects 5 Harvesting and storage effects 6 Sensory evaluation of hay 7 Laboratory analysis of forage 8 Laboratory analytical techniques 8 Laboratory proficiency 10 Understanding laboratory reports 11 Matching forage quality to animal needs 12 Reproduction 12 Growth 13 Fattening 13 Lactation 13 Economic impacts of forage quality 14 Pasture forage quality 14 Hay quality 15 Other considerations 15 Key concepts to remember 15 Additional information 15 Glossary 16 Adequate animal nutrition is essential In recent years, advances in plant and Understanding for high rates of gain, ample milk pro- animal breeding, introduction of new duction, efficient reproduction, and products, and development of new forage quality adequate profits (see sidebar). management approaches have made orage quality is defined in various However, forage quality varies greatly it possible to increase animal perform- ways but is often poorly under- among and within forage crops, and ance. However, for this to be realized, Fstood. It represents a simple nutritional needs vary among and there must be additional focus on concept, yet encompasses much com- within animal species and classes. forage quality.The purpose of this plexity.Though important, forage Producing suitable quality forage for a publication is to provide information quality often receives far less consid- given situation requires knowing the about forage quality and forage eration than it deserves. -
Switchgrass: a Bioenergy Crop Profile for West Virginia
Switchgrass A Bioenergy Crop Profile for West Virginia What is Switchgrass (Panicum virgatum) is a hardy, tall-growing, deep-rooted perennial switchgrass? grass native to North America east of the Rocky Mountains. It is a warm sea- son grass, which means it grows in the warm months of the year until frost, and is dormant in winter and early spring. Warm season grasses typically take longer to establish than their cool-season counterparts, but once established, they tend to live much longer with less maintenance. As a perennial species, switchgrass can be harvested annually for approximately twenty years. What are the Switchgrass is a promising bioenergy crop for several reasons. Switchgrass uses of can be harvested as biomass annually and used as feedstock for biofuel produc- tion. It can be converted to ethanol for use as a transportation fuel, or it can switchgrass? be pelletized and burned for heat production. In addition, it can be used as livestock forage and wildlife cover. As switchgrass grows, it pulls carbon from the atmosphere for developing its deep and dense root structures. If properly measured and reported, this carbon sequestration can be traded as carbon credits to offset industrial carbon emissions. Is switchgrass West Virginia has up to 150,000 acres of reclaimed and soon-to-be reclaimed well suited to surface mine sites that are potentially available for conversion to production of bioenergy crops. High yields of switchgrass can be achieved with minimal fer- WV’s marginal tilizers or other agricultural inputs even on WV’s marginal soils like these re- soils and re- claimed mine lands. -
Substituting Grain for Hay in Beef Cow Diets
DIVISION OF AGRICULTURE R E S E A R C H & E X T E N S I O N University of Arkansas System Agriculture and Natural Resources FSA3036 Substituting HighEnergy Grains and Byproduct Feeds for Hay in Beef Cow Diets Diets composed largely of • The animal’s daily nutritive Shane Gadberry roughages are commonly considered requirements. Associate Professor to be most economical for beef cows. • The nutritive value of common Animal Science Substituting highenergy feeds (HEF, feeds. such as grains and certain byproduct • The substitution value of available feeds) for roughage may be economical feeds in relation to nutritive prop Paul Beck when hay and roughages are scarce erties and cost. Professor and prices are high. Drought tends to Animal Science shift the economics toward feeding HEF as more energy can be trans Nutritive Requirements ported per ton of feed in this form Meeting the nutrient require Ken Coffey compared to hay. ments of the pregnant cow is the Professor basic underlying objective. This can be done in a number of ways, and Animal Science Substituting HEF for lowenergy feed such as hay becomes economical economics will normally dictate the when cattle can be maintained at feed combinations that should be con the same level of production but at sidered. However, another concern is a lower cost. Since HEFs usually cost that the nutrient availability matches more per pound than hay, a smaller the nutrient needs for the cow during amount must be fed to be economi the various phases of pregnancy cally substituted for hay in such and lactation.