Hay Auction Report

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Pipestone Hay and Straw Auction - Pipestone, MN AMS Livestock, Poultry, & Grain Market News South Dakota Department of Agriculture Email us with accessibility issues with this report Wed Sep 29, 2021 Hay Auction Weighted Average Report for 9/28/2021 - Final Hay Auction This Week Last Reported Last Year (9/21/2021) Tons: Hay 66 201 0 Total 66 201 0 Bales: Hay 85 219 0 Straw 11 11 0 Total 96 230 0 Hay (Conventional) Alfalfa - Good (Per Ton) Qty Price Range Avg Price Description Crop Age Large Round 9 165.00 165.00 Alfalfa - Good (Per Bale) Qty Price Range Avg Price Description Crop Age Small Square 85 5.50 5.50 Grass - Premium (Per Ton) Qty Price Range Avg Price Description Crop Age Large Round 6 165.00 165.00 Grass - Good (Per Ton) Qty Price Range Avg Price Description Crop Age Large Round 23 135.00-155.00 146.14 Source: USDA AMS Livestock, Poultry & Grain Market News Page 1 of 2 SD Dept of Ag Market News Worthing, SD | (605) 372-8350 | www.ams.usda.gov/lpgmn https://mymarketnews.ams.usda.gov | https://mymarketnews.ams.usda.gov/viewReport/2246 Pipestone Hay and Straw Auction - Pipestone, MN AMS Livestock, Poultry, & Grain Market News South Dakota Department of Agriculture Email us with accessibility issues with this report Wed Sep 29, 2021 Grass - Utility (Per Ton) Qty Price Range Avg Price Description Crop Age Large Round 29 60.00-75.00 66.25 Straw (Conventional) Corn Stalk - (Per Bale) Qty Price Range Avg Price Description Crop Age Round 11 23.00 23.00 Click here for more information on Hay Quality Designation Guidelines https://www.ams.usda.gov/market-news/livestock-poultry-and-grain-reference-room Click here for Hay glossary of terms https://www.ams.usda.gov/market-news/livestock-poultry-and-grain-hay-terms Source: USDA AMS Livestock, Poultry & Grain Market News Page 2 of 2 SD Dept of Ag Market News Worthing, SD | (605) 372-8350 | www.ams.usda.gov/lpgmn https://mymarketnews.ams.usda.gov | https://mymarketnews.ams.usda.gov/viewReport/2246 .

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Hay for Horses: Alfalfa Or Grass?
HAY FOR HORSES: ALFALFA OR GRASS? Anne Rodiek1 ABSTRACT Alfalfa hay is an excellent source of energy, protein, calcium and some other nutrients for horses. Its concentrations of protein and calcium meet the nutrient needs of horses in high levels of production, such as growth and lactation, but exceed the nutrient requirements of horses in other life stages. Controversy exists over the best use of alfalfa in horse rations. Grass hays are also popular for horses because of their lower energy, protein and calcium concentrations. Grass hay meets more closely the nutrient requirements of the largest percentage of horses, the idle horse. Tradition plays a large role in the selection of feeds for horses. Hay producers can help educate horse people about what hays are most beneficial to horses in different life stages. Key Words: alfalfa hay, grass hay, horses, nutrient requirements INTRODUCTION Alfalfa hay has been both heralded and maligned as a feed for horses. Tradition holds that timothy hay and oats are the best feeds for horses, and that alfalfa and corn spell disaster. Alfalfa hay may not be the best feed for all horses in all situations, but it contains nutrients needed for many classes of horses. Grass hay falls short of meeting the nutrient requirements of high production life stages, but is an excellent filler for horses that require bulk in the diet. An understanding of the nutrient requirements of horses compared to the nutrient content of alfalfa hay or grass hay will help nutritionists, hay producers, and horse owners make informed decisions about what type of hay to feed to horses.
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What About Hay?
Small Ruminant Series What About Hay? by Dr. Rick Machen Associate Professor & Extension Livestock Specialist Texas Agric ultural Exte nsio n Service, Uvalde Rumina nts ( goats, cattle, sheep, deer, ante lope, elk, bison, etc.) are, by desi gn, grazi ng animals. Their rumen, the largest gastrointestinal compartment, is an environment wherein bacteria anaerobically ferment (digest) forages. This unique digestive process converts solar energy captured by plants into higher quality, more nutrient dense foods like milk and meat. Compared to harvest by a grazing animal, hay production is an expensive process, involving fossi l fuel, mac hinery and man- hours. Haying als o involves si gnificant s oil nutri ent relocation when compared to grazing. Protein ( nitrogen) and minerals harveste d and hauled off the soil of a hay meadow or field must be replaced if optimal hay production is to be maintained. Grazing, on the other hand, is part of a natural cycle. A portion of the nitrogen and minerals from the consumed forage is returned to the soil with urine and feces. So, whether it s feeding beef cows on the open range or goats in a small paddock, hay is not a supplement - it is a substitute. A s ubstitute for the s tanding forage or browse that makes up the diet of a ruminant animal in their natural habitat. As shown in the Table 1, the typical diet of a foraging goat ranges from !S to ½ browse and ½ to !S grass, depending upon season and availability of the respective forages. Goats are opportunistic grazers and will select a diversity of plants to result in the highest attai nable diet quality.
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What Hay Is Right for Your Livestock
What Hay Is Right For Your Livestock Tom Gallagher Capital Area Agriculture Horticulture Program Livestock Specialist What Have We Learned So Far? • Renovate fields • Establish new stands • Maintain existing stands Harvesting • Haying equipment needed • Dry hay making large round & square bales • Making balage Storage • Round bales wrapped or stacked dry • Round bales wrapped or ensiled balage • Square bales in a barn • Knowing what you have Determining Forage Quality • Forage testing • Reading forage test results • Feed value terms Forage Quality • Determines feeding value and price • Determines Dry matter Intake (DMI) • Determines what livestock you will feed it to and when • Determines who you will sell it to or who will buy it Feeding Hay To Livestock • Horses • Cattle • Goats • Sheep • Alpacas Factors To Consider When Choosing A Hay To Feed • Clean hay • Nutrient value • Type of animal being fed • Maturity Clean Hay Free Of Mold And Dust Causes of Moldy or Dusty Hay • Rained on after it was cut • Baled too green (over 15% moisture) • Baled to dry • Improper storage • Weeds • Feeding on the ground • Floods How To Determine If Hay Is Moldy Or Dusty • See the mold on the outside of the bale • Smell the mold • See the mold or dust when feeding • The bale feels wet or hot • Heavy bales Nutrient Value Of Hay Legumes- – High in protein 15-20% – High in energy (ton) 48-55% – High in calcium 0.9-1.5% Grasses- – Protein 7-11% – Energy 42-50% – Calcium .3-.5% Why the wide ranges legume to legume or grass to grass. Matching Hay Type To The Horse Not all horses have the same nutrient needs • High nutrient requirements – Growing horses – Lactating mares – Working draft breeds – Racing horses Early-maturity alfalfa, alfalfa grass or grass hay are more palatable and higher in nutrients.
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Understanding Forage Quality
Suggested retail price $3.50 Understanding forage quality Don Ball Mike Collins Garry Lacefield Neal Martin David Mertens Ken Olson Dan Putnam Dan Undersander Mike Wolf Contents Understanding forage quality 1 What is forage quality? 2 Factors affecting forage quality 3 Species differences 3 Temperature 3 Maturity stage 4 Leaf-to-stem ratio 4 Grass-legume mixtures 5 Fertilization 5 Daily fluctuations in forage quality 5 Variety effects 5 Harvesting and storage effects 6 Sensory evaluation of hay 7 Laboratory analysis of forage 8 Laboratory analytical techniques 8 Laboratory proficiency 10 Understanding laboratory reports 11 Matching forage quality to animal needs 12 Reproduction 12 Growth 13 Fattening 13 Lactation 13 Economic impacts of forage quality 14 Pasture forage quality 14 Hay quality 15 Other considerations 15 Key concepts to remember 15 Additional information 15 Glossary 16 Adequate animal nutrition is essential In recent years, advances in plant and Understanding for high rates of gain, ample milk pro- animal breeding, introduction of new duction, efficient reproduction, and products, and development of new forage quality adequate profits (see sidebar). management approaches have made orage quality is defined in various However, forage quality varies greatly it possible to increase animal perform- ways but is often poorly under- among and within forage crops, and ance. However, for this to be realized, Fstood. It represents a simple nutritional needs vary among and there must be additional focus on concept, yet encompasses much com- within animal species and classes. forage quality.The purpose of this plexity.Though important, forage Producing suitable quality forage for a publication is to provide information quality often receives far less consid- given situation requires knowing the about forage quality and forage eration than it deserves.
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Switchgrass: a Bioenergy Crop Profile for West Virginia
Switchgrass A Bioenergy Crop Profile for West Virginia What is Switchgrass (Panicum virgatum) is a hardy, tall-growing, deep-rooted perennial switchgrass? grass native to North America east of the Rocky Mountains. It is a warm sea- son grass, which means it grows in the warm months of the year until frost, and is dormant in winter and early spring. Warm season grasses typically take longer to establish than their cool-season counterparts, but once established, they tend to live much longer with less maintenance. As a perennial species, switchgrass can be harvested annually for approximately twenty years. What are the Switchgrass is a promising bioenergy crop for several reasons. Switchgrass uses of can be harvested as biomass annually and used as feedstock for biofuel produc- tion. It can be converted to ethanol for use as a transportation fuel, or it can switchgrass? be pelletized and burned for heat production. In addition, it can be used as livestock forage and wildlife cover. As switchgrass grows, it pulls carbon from the atmosphere for developing its deep and dense root structures. If properly measured and reported, this carbon sequestration can be traded as carbon credits to offset industrial carbon emissions. Is switchgrass West Virginia has up to 150,000 acres of reclaimed and soon-to-be reclaimed well suited to surface mine sites that are potentially available for conversion to production of bioenergy crops. High yields of switchgrass can be achieved with minimal fer- WV’s marginal tilizers or other agricultural inputs even on WV’s marginal soils like these re- soils and re- claimed mine lands.
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Substituting Grain for Hay in Beef Cow Diets
DIVISION OF AGRICULTURE R E S E A R C H & E X T E N S I O N University of Arkansas System Agriculture and Natural Resources FSA3036 Substituting HighEnergy Grains and Byproduct Feeds for Hay in Beef Cow Diets Diets composed largely of • The animal’s daily nutritive Shane Gadberry roughages are commonly considered requirements. Associate Professor to be most economical for beef cows. • The nutritive value of common Animal Science Substituting highenergy feeds (HEF, feeds. such as grains and certain byproduct • The substitution value of available feeds) for roughage may be economical feeds in relation to nutritive prop Paul Beck when hay and roughages are scarce erties and cost. Professor and prices are high. Drought tends to Animal Science shift the economics toward feeding HEF as more energy can be trans Nutritive Requirements ported per ton of feed in this form Meeting the nutrient require Ken Coffey compared to hay. ments of the pregnant cow is the Professor basic underlying objective. This can be done in a number of ways, and Animal Science Substituting HEF for lowenergy feed such as hay becomes economical economics will normally dictate the when cattle can be maintained at feed combinations that should be con the same level of production but at sidered. However, another concern is a lower cost. Since HEFs usually cost that the nutrient availability matches more per pound than hay, a smaller the nutrient needs for the cow during amount must be fed to be economi the various phases of pregnancy cally substituted for hay in such and lactation.
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Minimizing Losses in Hay Storage and Feeding
MINIMIZING LOSSES IN HAY STORAGE AND FEEDING MINIMIZING LOSSES IN HAY TYPES OF STORAGE LOSSES which climatic conditions have on hay) STORAGE AND FEEDING Hay storage losses vary greatly depend- is partially a physical process. Some of Each year more than 60 million acres ing upon several factors, but storage the dry matter loss which occurs of forage crops are harvested for hay in technique is of utmost importance. during outside storage is caused by the United States. Annual production Losses of dry hay stored inside a barn leaching, which refers to the dissolving from this acreage is over 150 million are usually of little concern. However, and removal of nutrients by the passage tons of hay valued at more than 12 even for barn stored hay, losses rise of rain water over the surface of, and billion dollars. Hay is the most widely sharply as moisture levels increase through, the bale. The more digestible grown mechanically-harvested agro- above 20%, and losses from round nutrients are, the more soluble they nomic crop in the United States. bales stored outside under adverse are, and thus the more likely they are As a source of nutrition for live- conditions can be much larger. to be removed by leaching. stock, hay offers numerous advantages. During storage, hay can be subject to The switch from small rectangular It can be made from many different dry matter losses as well as losses of bales to large round bales on most U.S. crops; when protected from the forage quality. farms has resulted in higher storage weather it can be stored indefinitely losses (in many cases, several times with little nutrient loss; package sizes Dry Matter Losses higher).
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Hay Is for Horses
Hay is for Horses BY KAREN E. DAVISON, PH .D. Record droughts or heavy rainfall, it seems like most of the country is experiencing one or the other. In some areas, it has been a year of record drought followed now by heavy rainfall. One major impact extreme weather may have on horse owners is availability and/or quality of hay and pasture. Since the bulk of a horse’s diet is hay or pasture, any change in the nutritional content of the forage affects the nutritional status of the horse. How do you evaluate the nutritional content of your hay? Good quality hay, regardless of variety, will have the following characteristics: 1) a high leaf to stem ratio, 2) small diameter stems, 3) a fresh smell, 4) free from weeds, dirt, mold and other trash, 5) bright color, 6) few seed heads (grasses) or blooms (alfalfa). In addition, hay should be fairly soft and pliable to touch. If stems are hard and stick into your hand when you grab a handful, then you might imagine how chewing that hay would feel. While visual appraisal of hay can provide an indication of quality, laboratory analysis is really the most accurate measure of the nutritive value. There is hay that looks pretty good but doesn’t test well and if you feed it the same as more nutrient dense hay, your horses will lose weight. If you buy several small quantities of hay through the year, testing may not be much help because you will probably feed most of the hay before the test results come back.
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497 Hay, Fodder, and Silage Crops
HAY, FODDER, AND SILAGE CROPS 497 that is thought to be pure. Poisoning summer and fall. Second-year sweet- can usually be avoided by feeding hay clover will furnish an abundance of to livestock before turning them on the pasturage in midsummer. There is a pasture. Another precaution is to turn danger of bloat, but it is not serious only a few head of stock on the pasture and can be avoided in most cases by until it is determined that there is no feeding enough dry feed before turn- danger from poisoning. ing the stock on sweetclover so that Sweetclover also makes an excellent they will not immediately gorge them- temporary pasture. Sufficient growth selves. Another way to avoid bloat is is usually made during the first season to have dry roughage available to to provide some pasture during late stock while they are being pastured. HAY, FODDER, AND SILAGE CROPS L. G. NEWELL ON THE BASIS of acreage, wild hay Studies of the composition and nutri- is the outstanding hay crop of the re- tive value of native vegetation at Man- gion. More than 9 million acres of it dan, N. Dak., showed that western were harvested in 1946. Nebraska, needlegrass comprises 50 to 75 percent South Dakota, and North Dakota lead of the total weight of the grasses. Fifty the United States in the production of or more different kinds of plants were wild hay. It is the principal return found. Since the droughts of 1934 and from virgin, unbroken lands other than 1936, the needlegrass has largely been the grazing.
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Hay Harvesting Methods and Costs
fi« SI ¿ Circular No. 868 Hay Harvesting Methods And Costs by ROBERT E. MARX and JAMES W. BIRKHEAD Agricultural Economists Bureau of Agricultural Economics -It**- ^»ôôôîO'^ «r- UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE WASHINGTON, D. C, JUNE 1951 L I B i"t /\ R Y JULI 2 1951 U.I, DtfA^l^ti^r Dr ASaií^ülTURE PREFACE This publication contains information on 15 meth- ods of harvesting hay. Some of these are very simple ways of putting up hay and require little equipment, but they are rather expensive in labor input. Others require large investments in haying machinery but, generally, use less labor per ton of hay. Investment in machinery, annual cost of using the machinery, labor crews and their costs, and total costs per acre and per ton of hay, are here discussed for each method. Generally, these data are sum- marized and discussed in the main body of the circular, and details for some items, especially for costs of using various pieces of machinery, are shown in the Appendix. Procedures used in com- puting costs are also discussed in the Appendix. Many farmers and State and Federal workers contributed in several ways to the haymaking study on which this circular is based. The authors are indebted to all of them. The photographs are intended only to illustrate various methods of harvesting hay. Some of the methods and some of the machines here illustrated have features which may subject the operator to extreme hazards. Caution in the use of machinery is the best policy, for economy and safety.
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INVASIVE SPECIES Grass Family (Poaceae) Wild Oats Are Annuals
A PROJECT OF THE SONOMA-MARIN COASTAL PRAIRIE WORKING GROUP INVASIVE SPECIES I NVASIVE A NNUAL P LANTS WILD OATS (AVENA FATUA) AND SLENDER WILD OATS (AVENA BARBATA) - NON-NATIVE Grass Family (Poaceae) Wild oats are annuals. WILD OATS: Are native to Eurasia and North Africa. WILD OAT ECOLOGY Is often dominant or co-dominant in coastal prairie (Ford and Hayes 2007; Sawyer, et al. 2009), Occurs in moist lowland prairies, drier upland prairies and open woodlands (Darris and Gonzalves 2008), Species Interactions: The success of Avena lies in its superior competitive ability: o It has a dense root system. The total root length of a single Avena plant can be from 54.3 miles long (Pavlychenko 1937) to, most likely, twice that long (Dittmer 1937). Wild oats (Avena) in Marin coastal grassland. o It produces allelopathic compounds, Photo by D. (Immel) Jeffery, 2010. chemicals that inhibit the growth of other adjacent plant species. o It has long-lived seeds that can survive for as long as 10 years in the soil (Whitson 2002). Citation: Jeffery (Immel), D., C. Luke, K. Kraft. Last modified February 2020. California’s Coastal Prairie. A project of the Sonoma Marin Coastal Grasslands Working Group, California. Website: www.cnga.org/prairie. Coastal Prairie Described > Species: Invasives: Page 1 of 18 o Pavlychenko (1937) found that, although Avena is a superior competitor when established, it is relatively slow (as compared to cultivated cereal crops wheat, rye and barley) to develop seminal roots in the early growth stages. MORE FUN FACTS ABOUT WILD OATS Avena is Latin for “oat.” The cultivated oat (Avena sativa), also naturalized in California) is thought to be derived from wild oats (Avena fatua) by early humans (Baum and Smith [2011]).
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Agriculture: a Glossary of Terms, Programs, and Laws, 2005 Edition
Agriculture: A Glossary of Terms, Programs, and Laws, 2005 Edition Updated June 16, 2005 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov 97-905 Agriculture: A Glossary of Terms, Programs, and Laws, 2005 Edition Summary The complexities of federal farm and food programs have generated a unique vocabulary. Common understanding of these terms (new and old) is important to those involved in policymaking in this area. For this reason, the House Agriculture Committee requested that CRS prepare a glossary of agriculture and related terms (e.g., food programs, conservation, forestry, environmental protection, etc.). Besides defining terms and phrases with specialized meanings for agriculture, the glossary also identifies acronyms, abbreviations, agencies, programs, and laws related to agriculture that are of particular interest to the staff and Members of Congress. CRS is releasing it for general congressional use with the permission of the Committee. The approximately 2,500 entries in this glossary were selected in large part on the basis of Committee instructions and the informed judgment of numerous CRS experts. Time and resource constraints influenced how much and what was included. Many of the glossary explanations have been drawn from other published sources, including previous CRS glossaries, those published by the U.S. Department of Agriculture and other federal agencies, and glossaries contained in the publications of various organizations, universities, and authors. In collecting these definitions, the compilers discovered that many terms have diverse specialized meanings in different professional settings. In this glossary, the definitions or explanations have been written to reflect their relevance to agriculture and recent changes in farm and food policies.
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