Surface Features in the Taxonomy of Pratylenchus Species
Total Page:16
File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb
Load more
Recommended publications
-
Pathogenicity of Pratylenchus Hexincisus on Corn, Soybean, And
Iowa State University Capstones, Theses and Retrospective Theses and Dissertations Dissertations 1979 Pathogenicity of Pratylenchus hexincisus on corn, soybean, and tomato and population changes as influenced by hosts, temperature and soil type Mohammad Esmail Zirakparvar Iowa State University Follow this and additional works at: https://lib.dr.iastate.edu/rtd Part of the Agricultural Science Commons, Agronomy and Crop Sciences Commons, and the Plant Pathology Commons Recommended Citation Zirakparvar, Mohammad Esmail, "Pathogenicity of Pratylenchus hexincisus on corn, soybean, and tomato and population changes as influenced by hosts, temperature and soil type" (1979). Retrospective Theses and Dissertations. 7260. https://lib.dr.iastate.edu/rtd/7260 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Iowa State University Capstones, Theses and Dissertations at Iowa State University Digital Repository. It has been accepted for inclusion in Retrospective Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of Iowa State University Digital Repository. For more information, please contact [email protected]. INFORMATION TO USERS This was produced from a copy of a document sent to us for microfilming. While the most advanced technological means to photograph and reproduce this document have been used, the quality is heavily dependent upon the quality of the material submitted. The following explanation of techniques is provided to help you understand markings or notations which may appear on this reproduction. 1. The sign or "target" for pages apparently lacking from the document photographed is "Missing Page(s)". If it was possible to obtain the missing page(s) or section, they are spliced into the film along with adjacent pages. -
Investigation of the Development of Root Lesion Nematodes, Pratylenchus Spp
Türk. entomol. derg., 2021, 45 (1): 23-31 ISSN 1010-6960 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.16970/entoted.753614 E-ISSN 2536-491X Original article (Orijinal araştırma) Investigation of the development of root lesion nematodes, Pratylenchus spp. (Tylenchida: Pratylenchidae) in three chickpea cultivars Kök lezyon nematodlarının, Pratylenchus spp. (Tylenchida: Pratylenchidae) üç nohut çeşidinde gelişmesinin incelenmesi İrem AYAZ1 Ece B. KASAPOĞLU ULUDAMAR1* Tohid BEHMAND1 İbrahim Halil ELEKCİOĞLU1 Abstract In this study, penetration, population changes and reproduction rates of root lesion nematodes, Pratylenchus neglectus (Rensch, 1924), Pratylenchus penetrans (Cobb, 1917) and Pratylenchus thornei Sher & Allen, 1953 (Tylenchida: Pratylenchidae), at 3, 7, 14, 21, 28, 35, 42, 49 and 56 d after inoculation in chickpea Bari 2, Bari 3 (Cicer reticulatum Ladiz) and Cermi [Cicer echinospermum P.H.Davis (Fabales: Fabaceae)] were assessed in a controlled environment room in 2018-2019. No juveniles were observed in the roots in the first 3 d after inoculation. Although, population density of P. thornei reached the highest in Cermi (21 d), Bari 3 (42 d) and the lowest observed on Bari 2. Pratylenchus neglectus reached the highest population density in Bari 3 and Cermi on day 28. The population density of P. neglectus was the lowest in Bari 2. Also, population density of P. penetrans reached the highest in Bari 3 cultivar within 49 d, similar to P. thornei, whereas Bari 2 and Cermi had low population densities during the entire experimental period. Keywords: -
Influence of Pratylenchus Vulnus and Meloidogyne Hapla on the Growth of Rootstocks of Rose~ G
influence of Pratylenchus vulnus and Meloidogyne hapla on the Growth of Rootstocks of Rose~ G. S. SANTO 2 and BERT LEAR '~ Abstract: Pratylenchus vulnus is involved in a disease of Rosa noisettiana 'Manetti" rose rootstock characterized by darkening of roots, death of feeder toots, and stunting of entire plants. The disease is more severe when plants are grown in silt loam soil than when they are grown in sandy loam soil. The nematodes reproduce best in silt loam soil at 20 C. Meloidogyne hapla did not affect the growth of Manetti. Rosa sp. 'Dr. Huey', Manetti, and R. odorata rose rootstocks were found to be good hosts for P. vulnus whereas R. multiflora was less suitable. M. hapla re- produced well on R. odorata, Dr. Huey, and R. multi[lora, but not on Maneni. Key Words: root- lesion nematode, root-knot nematode, reproduction, soil temperature, soil type. Pratylenchus vulnus Allen and Jensen roses was associated with a reduction in the was first reported from rose roots in Cali- population of M. hapla and Xiphinema fornia in 1953 (14). A 1970 survey of com- arnericanum Cobb as a result of multiple mercial rose greenhouses in northern Cali- applications of 1,2-dibromo-3-chloropro- fornia shows that this nematode is now pane (DBCP) (8). widely distributed (9), and Allen and Jen- Rosa noisettiana Thory 'Manetti' is the sen (l) also report that P. vulnus is widely most popular rootstock used in growing distributed on field-grown roses in southern greenhouse roses for cut flowers. R. odorata California. Sweet and Rosa sp. -
Research/Investigación Aggressiveness Of
RESEARCH/INVESTIGACIÓN AGGRESSIVENESS OF PRATYLENCHUS BRACHYURUS TO SUGARCANE, COMPARED WITH KEY NEMATODE P. ZEAE Bruno Flávio Figueiredo Barbosa1*, Jaime Maia dos Santos¹, José Carlos Barbosa¹, Pedro Luiz Martins Soares1, Anderson Robert Ruas², Rafael Bernal de Carvalho¹ ¹Jaboticabal Unit, UNESP São Paulo State University, Department of Plant Protection, Jaboticabal, SP, 14884-900, Brazil. ²São Luiz College, Jaboticabal, SP, 14870-370, Brazil. The work is part of the doctorate thesis in Agronomy (Crop Production) of the first author. Author for correspondence: [email protected] ABSTRACT Barbosa, B. F. F., J. M. dos Santos, J. C. Barbosa, P. L. M. Soares, A. R. Ruas, R. B. de Carvalho. 2013. Aggressiveness of Pratylenchus brachyurus to the sugarcane, compared with key nematode P. zeae. Nematropica 43:119-130. Pratylenchus zeae, Meloidogyne javanica and M. incognita are considered key species of nematodes in sugarcane in Brazil, but P. brachyurus is also frequently found. This study was conducted to determine the aggressiveness of P. brachyurus compared with P. zeae to sugarcane. Plants were grown in pots (100 L) in an open area with initial inoculation of 10, 100, 1,000, 10,000 and 100,000/plant for P. brachyurus and P. zeae. The nematode inocula were from in vitro, carrot-cylinder cultures. Sampling was performed every 60 days until 300 days after inoculation. At harvest, we evaluated the population dynamics of the nematodes and plant growth characteristics. The population for the initial levels of 10 and 100,000 specimens/plant, for P. brachyurus and P. zeae at 300 days after inoculation were similar. This fact shows that, upon detection of nematodes in a certain place during the planting of sugarcane, the ratoon on this area should be treated so as to control populations of P. -
ENTO-364 (Introducto
K. K. COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURE, NASHIK DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURAL ENTOMOLOGY THEORY NOTES Course No.:- ENTO-364 Course Title: - Introductory Nematology Credits: - 2 (1+1) Compiled By Prof. T. B. Ugale & Prof. A. S. Mochi Assistant Professor Department of Agricultural Entomology 0 Complied by Prof. T. B. Ugale & Prof. A. S. Mochi (K. K. Wagh College of Agriculture, Nashik) TEACHING SCHEDULE Semester : VI Course No. : ENTO-364 Course Title : Introductory Nematology Credits : 2(1+1) Lecture Topics Rating No. 1 Introduction- History of phytonematology and economic 4 importance. 2 General characteristics of plant parasitic nematodes. 2 3 Nematode- General morphology and biology. 4 4 Classification of nematode up to family level with 4 emphasis on group of containing economical importance genera (Taxonomic). 5 Classification of nematode by habitat. 2 6 Identification of economically important plant nematodes 4 up to generic level with the help of key and description. 7 Symptoms caused by nematodes with examples. 4 8 Interaction of nematodes with microorganism 4 9 Different methods of nematode management. 4 10 Cultural methods 4 11 Physical methods 2 12 Biological methods 4 13 Chemical methods 2 14 Entomophilic nematodes- Species Biology 2 15 Mode of action 2 16 Mass production techniques for EPN 2 Reference Books: 1) A Text Book of Plant Nematology – K. D. Upadhay & Kusum Dwivedi, Aman Publishing House 2) Fundamentals of Plant Nematology – E. J. Jonathan, S. Kumar, K. Deviranjan, G. Rajendran, Devi Publications, 8, Couvery Nagar, Karumanolapam, Trichirappalli, 620 001. 3) Plant Nematodes - Methodology, Morphology, Systematics, Biology & Ecology Majeebur Rahman Khan, Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India. -
Theory Manual Course No. Pl. Path
NAVSARI AGRICULTURAL UNIVERSITY Theory Manual INTRODUCTORY PLANT NEMATOLOGY Course No. Pl. Path 2.2 (V Dean’s) nd 2 Semester B.Sc. (Hons.) Agri. PROF.R.R.PATEL, ASSISTANT PROFESSOR Dr.D.M.PATHAK, ASSOCIATE PROFESSOR Dr.R.R.WAGHUNDE, ASSISTANT PROFESSOR DEPARTMENT OF PLANT PATHOLOGY COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURE NAVSARI AGRICULTURAL UNIVERSITY BHARUCH 392012 1 GENERAL INTRODUCTION What are the nematodes? Nematodes are belongs to animal kingdom, they are triploblastic, unsegmented, bilateral symmetrical, pseudocoelomateandhaving well developed reproductive, nervous, excretoryand digestive system where as the circulatory and respiratory systems are absent but govern by the pseudocoelomic fluid. Plant Nematology: Nematology is a science deals with the study of morphology, taxonomy, classification, biology, symptomatology and management of {plant pathogenic} nematode (PPN). The word nematode is made up of two Greek words, Nema means thread like and eidos means form. The words Nematodes is derived from Greek words ‘Nema+oides’ meaning „Thread + form‟(thread like organism ) therefore, they also called threadworms. They are also known as roundworms because nematode body tubular is shape. The movement (serpentine) of nematodes like eel (marine fish), so also called them eelworm in U.K. and Nema in U.S.A. Roundworms by Zoologist Nematodes are a diverse group of organisms, which are found in many different environments. Approximately 50% of known nematode species are marine, 25% are free-living species found in soil or freshwater, 15% are parasites of animals, and 10% of known nematode species are parasites of plants (see figure at left). The study of nematodes has traditionally been viewed as three separate disciplines: (1) Helminthology dealing with the study of nematodes and other worms parasitic in vertebrates (mainly those of importance to human and veterinary medicine). -
The Effect of Pratylenchus Zeae on the Growth and Yield of Upland Rice
The effect of Pratylenchus zeae on the growth and yield of upland rice Richard A. PLOWRIGHT",Danilo MATUS**, Tin AUNG**and Twng-Wah MEW** * CAB International Institute of Parasitology, 395 a, Hatfield Road, St. Albans, Hertfordshire, AL4 OXU, UK and ** International Rice Research Institute, P. O. Box 933, Manila, Philippines. SUMMARY The root lesion nematode Pratylenchus zeae is widely distributed on upland rice but its economic importance has not been assessed. In a field trial, following a five month clean fallow, the ofcontrol P. zeae using carbofuran, increased the yieldof cv. Upl Ri-5 whilst the yield of cv. Kinandang Patong was unaffected. Pre-sowing soil population densities (Pi) of P. zeae were low (0-1 11 nematodes/lOOml soil) and there were no obvious symptoms of infectionduring early vegetativegrowth although the plant height of Upl Ri-5 was slightly reduced. At harvest the yield of treated plants was increased byO/O 13-29of that of untreated plants having a mean infection of 1 350 nematodedg root(P < 0.05). In the glasshouse the rate of growth and tilleringof cv. IR36 was significantly reduced with a highPi (630-3 O00 nematodesllO0 cm3 soil). Infected root systems were stunted and mean root fresh weight was reduced by 40-60%. Although infection reducedthe no. of spikeletslplant, these plants had a higher harvest index and consequently grain yield was unaffected. The relationship between yield and the population density of P. zeae at different crop growth stages, in the field indicates low tolerance and a high relative minimum yield of 65O/o. RESUMÉ Influence de Pratylenchus zeae sur la croissance et la récolte du riz de plateau Pratylenchus zeae est très répandusur le riz de plateau mais son importance n'a jamais été évaluée. -
Silencing Parasitism Effectors of the Root Lesion Nematode, Pratylenchus Thornei
Silencing parasitism effectors of the root lesion nematode, Pratylenchus thornei. This thesis is presented for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy of Murdoch University by Sameer Dilip Khot B.Sc. (Botany) & M.Sc. (Plant Pathology & Mycology), University of Mumbai, India M.S. (Plant Pathology), North Dakota State University, USA Western Australian State Agricultural Biotechnology Centre School of Veterinary and Life Sciences Murdoch University Perth, Western Australia 2018 1 DECLARATION I declare that this thesis is my own account of my research and contains as its main content work which has not previously been submitted for a degree at any tertiary education institution. Signature: Sameer D. Khot Date: 22-01-2018 2 ABSTRACT The root lesion nematode (RLN), Pratylenchus thornei, is a biotrophic migratory pest of plant roots and its infestation causes losses in many economically important crops. RNA interference (RNAi) is a naturally occurring eukaryotic phenomenon and can be used to silence parasitism effector genes of P. thornei using host-mediated RNAi. This may be developed as an environmentally friendly and a cost-effective control strategy. The overall aims of this research were to investigate the effects of in vitro and in planta RNAi silencing of putative P. thornei parasitism effector genes, and their nematicidal effects in two host plants. Five putative target parasitism genes vital for nematode entry into roots (Pt-Eng-1, Pt- PL), feeding (Pt-CLP) and suppressing host defence responses (Pt-UEP, Pt-GST) were identified, validated in silico using comparative bioinformatics, cloned into suitable in vitro transcription and binary vectors, and advanced to RNAi studies. -
Diversity, Phylogeny, Characterization and Diagnostics of Root-Knot and Lesion Nematodes
Diversity, phylogeny, characterization and diagnostics of root-knot and lesion nematodes Toon Janssen Promotors: Prof. Dr. Wim Bert Prof. Dr. Gerrit Karssen Thesis submitted to obtain the degree of doctor in Sciences, Biology Proefschrift voorgelegd tot het bekomen van de graad van doctor in de Wetenschappen, Biologie 1 Table of contents Acknowledgements Chapter 1: general introduction 1 Organisms under study: plant-parasitic nematodes .................................................... 11 1.1 Pratylenchus: root-lesion nematodes ..................................................................................... 13 1.2 Meloidogyne: root-knot nematodes ....................................................................................... 15 2 Economic importance ..................................................................................................... 17 3 Identification of plant-parasitic nematodes .................................................................. 19 4 Variability in reproduction strategies and genome evolution ..................................... 22 5 Aims .................................................................................................................................. 24 6 Outline of this study ........................................................................................................ 25 Chapter 2: Mitochondrial coding genome analysis of tropical root-knot nematodes (Meloidogyne) supports haplotype based diagnostics and reveals evidence of recent reticulate evolution. 1 Abstract -
A Reappraisal of Tylenchina (Nemata) 1
University of Nebraska - Lincoln DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln Faculty Publications from the Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology Parasitology, Harold W. Manter Laboratory of 1987 A Reappraisal of Tylenchina (Nemata) 1. For a New Approach to the Taxonomy of Tylenchina Michel Luc Muséun1 national d'Histoire naturelle Armand R. Maggenti University of California - Davis Renaud Fortuner California Department of Food and Agriculture Dewey J. Raski University of California - Davis Etienne Geraert Instituut voor Dierkunde Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/parasitologyfacpubs Part of the Parasitology Commons Luc, Michel; Maggenti, Armand R.; Fortuner, Renaud; Raski, Dewey J.; and Geraert, Etienne, "A Reappraisal of Tylenchina (Nemata) 1. For a New Approach to the Taxonomy of Tylenchina" (1987). Faculty Publications from the Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology. 109. https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/parasitologyfacpubs/109 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Parasitology, Harold W. Manter Laboratory of at DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. It has been accepted for inclusion in Faculty Publications from the Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. Tribune A REAPPRAISAL OF "IYL,ENCHINA (NEMATA) 1. FOR A NEW APPROACH TO THE TAXONOMY OF TYLENCHINA Michel LUC",Armand R. MAGGENTI**, Renaud FORTUNER***, Dewey J. RASKI** and Etienne GERAERT**** * Muséun1 national d'Histoire naturelle, Laboratoire des Vers, 61, rue de Buffon, 75005 Paris; ** Division of Nematology, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA; *** California Department of Food and Agriculture, Analysis and Identification (Nematology), 1220 N. Street, Sacramento, CA 95814, USA, and **** Rijksuniversiteit Gent, Instituut voor Dierkunde, Ledeganckstraat 35, 9000 Gent, Belgium. -
Grain Yield and Heterosis of Maize Hybrids Under Nematode Infested and Nematicide Treated Conditions
Journal of Nematology 43(3–4):209–219. 2011. Ó The Society of Nematologists 2011. Grain Yield and Heterosis of Maize Hybrids under Nematode Infested and Nematicide Treated Conditions 1,2 1 1 2 3 FRANK KAGODA, JOHN DERERA, PANGIRAYI TONGOONA, DANIEL L. COYNE, HERBERT L. TALWANA Abstract: Plant-parasitic nematodes are present on maize but resistant genotypes have not been identified in Uganda. This study was aimed at determining the level of nematode resistance among F1 hybrids, and to estimate grain yield, heterosis and yield losses associated with maize hybrids under nematode infestation. The 30 F1 hybrids and two local checks were evaluated in a split plot design with nematode treatment (nematode infested versus nematicide treated) as the whole plot factor, and the hybrids as subplot factors arranged in an 8 x 4 alpha-lattice design. The experiment was conducted simultaneously at three sites. The hybrids were also evaluated in a split plot design under greenhouse conditions at IITA-Namulonge. Results revealed 24 P. zeae susceptible hybrids compared to only six P. zeae resistant hybrids. Grain yield across sites was higher by about 400 kg ha-1 under nematicide treatment than under nematode infestation. The nematode tolerant/resistant hybrids exhibited yields ranging from 5.0 to 8.4 t ha-1 compared to 5.0 t ha-1 obtained from the best check. Grain yield loss was up to 28% among susceptible hybrids, indicating substantial economic yield losses due to nematodes. Under field conditions, desired heterosis was recorded on 18 hybrids for P. zeae, and on three hybrids for Meloidogyne spp. -
Sudan University of Science and Technology College of Graduate
Sudan University of Science and Technology College of Graduate Studies Studies on Plant Parasitic Nematodes on Banana in Sennar and Kassala States دراﺳﺎت ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻨﯿﻤﺎﺗﻮدا اﻟﻤﺘﻄﻔﻠﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻧﺒﺎت اﻟﻤﻮز ﻓﻰ وﻻﯾﺘﻰ ﺳﻨﺎر وﻛﺴﻼ A thesis submitted in to the Sudan University of Science and Technology in Fulfillment of the requirement for M.Sc. (Agric) in crop protection (Plant Pathology) By Duria Abdelsalam Eltahir Elshakh Supervisor: Dr. Ibrahim Saeed Mohammed 2014 ﺑﺳم ﷲ اﻟرﺣﻣن اﻟرﺣﯾم Sudan University of Science and Technology College of Graduate Studies Studies on Plant Parasitic Nematodes on Banana in Sennar and Kassala States دراﺳﺎت ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻨﯿﻤﺎﺗﻮدا اﻟﻤﺘﻄﻔﻠﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻧﺒﺎت اﻟﻤﻮز ﻓﻰ وﻻﯾﺘﻰ ﺳﻨﺎر وﻛﺴﻼ A thesis submitted in the requirement of the Degree of M.Sc. Agric. In Crop Protection (Plant Pathology) By Duria Abdelsalam Eltahir Elshakh B.Sc. in Crop Protection University of Zagazig, Egypt(1986) Main Supervisor: Dr. Ibrahim Saeed Mohammed Co. Supervisor: Prof. Gamal Abdalla Elbadri 2014 Dedication To the soul of my father Lovely mother Intimate husband Brothers and sisters To all those who search of knowledge 3 ACKNOWLEDGMENT Thanks and praise to the Beneficent and Merciful God who provided me with health, strength and patience to have this drop from the renewable flood of knowledge. I am gratefully to my supervisors, Doctor Ibrahim Saeed Mohammed and Professor Gamal Abdalla Elbadri for all the encouragement, helpful guidance and continued support. Special thankS to my Co. supervisor Professor. Gamal Abdalla Elbadri under who's the supervision of work has been successfully carried out with his invaluable advices, unlimited helpful and for this correction of this study.