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2019 Rwanda Voluntary National Review (VNR) Report

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2019 Rwanda Voluntary National Review (VNR) Report June 2019 1 Table of Contents Opening Statement ................................................................................................................................................. 9 Chapter 1. Introduction....................................................................................................................................... 10 1.1. Structure of the report........................................................................................................... 10 1.2. Country Profile and Context ............................................................................................... 10 1.3. Objective of the review .......................................................................................................... 12 1.4. Scope of the Review ................................................................................................................. 12 1.5. Methodology and Process ..................................................................................................... 12 1.6. Data Collection .......................................................................................................................... 13 Chapter II. Policy Environment and Institutional arrangement ..................................................... 14 2.1. Ownership of SDGs in Rwanda ........................................................................................... 14 2.2. SDGs Domestication in Rwanda ........................................................................................ 14 2.3. Institutional mechanisms ...................................................................................................... 17 2.4. Leaving No One Behind ......................................................................................................... 19 2.5. National validation process .................................................................................................. 23 Chapter III. Review of SDG Implementation in Rwanda .................................................................... 24 3.1. Human Capital Development ............................................................................................. 24 3.1.1. Overview of Rwanda’ Human Capital Development Status ................................. 24 3.1.2. SDG 2 – End hunger, achieve food security and improved nutrition and promote sustainable agriculture ............................................................................................................ 25 3.2. Inclusive Economic Growth ................................................................................................. 34 3.2.1. SDG 8 Promote sustained, inclusive and sustainable economic growth, full and productive employment and decent work for all ................................................................. 34 3.2.2. SDG 10 Reduce inequality within and among countries ......................................... 37 3.3. Climate Change ......................................................................................................................... 40 SDG 13Take urgent action to combat climate change and its impacts ............................ 40 3.4. Governance and Justice for all ............................................................................................ 45 SDG16 Promote peaceful and inclusive societies for sustainable development, provide access to justice for all and build effective, accountable and inclusive institutions at all levels................................................................................................................................ 45 3.5. Global partnership and Data for SDGs ........................................................................... 49 SDG 17Strengthen the means of implementation and revitalize the Global Partnership for Sustainable Development........................................................................................ 49 3.6. Progress Against Selected Goals ....................................................................................... 54 3.6.1. SDG1 Ending Poverty in all its forms and everywhere ............................................ 54 2 3.6.2. SDG3 Ensure healthy lives and promote well-being for all at all ages ............. 56 3.6.3. SDG 5 Achieve gender equality and empower all women and girls .................. 60 3.6.4 SDG 9. Build resilient infrastructure, promote sustainable industrialization and foster innovation ................................................................................................................................... 64 Chapter IV. Means of Implementation ........................................................................................................ 68 Chapter V. Conclusion ......................................................................................................................................... 75 References .................................................................................................................................................................. 77 Annex 1: List of Rwanda SDG Indicators .................................................................................................... 79 3 List of tables TABLE 1: LINKS BETWEEN NST1 PRIORITY AREAS AND SDGS 15 TABLE 2: INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK 18 TABLE 3: UPPER SECONDARY STUDENTS ENROLLED IN 2018 BY LEARNING AREAS 29 TABLE 4: TERTIARY STUDENT FROM 2016 TO 2018 30 TABLE 5: LEARNING ACHIEVEMENT IN RWANDAN SCHOOLS (LARS) 2 (2014) RESULTS (AVERAGE SCORES) BY LEVEL, SCHOOL TYPE AND LOCATION 31 TABLE 6: CONSUMPTION PER ADULT EQUIVALENT FRW ‘000, 2011-2017 38 TABLE 7: VUP BENEFICIARIES BY CATEGORY 39 TABLE 8: DISASTER EFFECTS IN RWANDA (2016-2018) 41 TABLE 9: FONERWA KEY ACHIEVEMENTS 43 TABLE 10: COVERAGE FOR PENSION, MEDICAL AND MATERNITY LEAVE 54 TABLE 11: ESTIMATED SPENDING NEEDS IN RWANDA 70 4 List of Figures FIGURE 1:PROPORTION OF WOMEN IN SELECTED DECISION-MAKING ORGANS 19 FIGURE 2: TRENDS IN RWANDA‘S HDI COMPONENT INDICES 1990-2017 (UNDP, 2018) 24 FIGURE 3: MALNUTRITION AMONG CHILDREN UNDER 5 YEARS COMPARED TO THE WHO SEVERITY THRESHOLD 25 FIGURE 4: YIELD GAPS FOR PRIORITY CROPS UNDER THE CROP INTENSIFICATION PROGRAM 26 FIGURE 5: UNEMPLOYMENT RATE (%) 35 FIGURE 6: INVESTMENT SHARE OF GDP (%) 35 FIGURE 7: FISCAL TRENDS 50 FIGURE 8: REMITTANCES (USD MILLIONS) 51 FIGURE 9: REMITTANCES AS A SHARE OF GDP 51 FIGURE 10: MATERNAL MORTALITY RATIO FOR THE PERIOD 0-4 YEARS PRIOR TO THE 2000, 2005,2010 AND 2014/15 RDHS 56 FIGURE 11: TRENDS IN CHILDHOOD MORTALITY RATES 57 FIGURE 12: LAND OWNERSHIP 62 FIGURE 13: MOBILE TELEPHONE SUBSCRIPTION PER 100 INHABITANTS 62 FIGURE 14: INDUSTRY AND MANUFACTURING VALUE ADDED AS A SHARE OF GDP 66 FIGURE 15: EDUCATION SPENDING NEEDS – COMPARISON OF AUTHORITIES AND IMF ESTIMATES 71 FIGURE 16: HEALTH PUBLIC SPENDING NEEDS* – COMPARISON OF AUTHORITIES AND IMF ESTIMATES 72 FIGURE 17: ROAD SPENDING NEEDS – COMPARISON OF AUTHORITIES AND IMF ESTIMATES 73 FIGURE 18: WATER AND SANITATION SPENDING NEEDS- COMPARISON OF AUTHORITIES AND IMF (% OF GDP) 73 5 ACRONYMS AfCFTA Africa Continental Free Trade Area PwDs People with Disabilities TVET Technical and Vocational Education and Training CAADP Comprehensive African Agriculture Development Program CFSVA Comprehensive Food Security and Vulnerability Analysis CHW Community Health Worker CIP Crop Intensification Program CPD Continuing Professional Development CRVS Civil Registration and Vital Statistics CSO Civil Society Organization DDS District Development Strategies DFID Department For International Development DHS Demographic Health Survey DPs Development Partners DPCG Development Partners Coordination Group DS Direct Support EAC East African Community EDPRS Economic Development and Poverty Reduction Strategies EIA Environmental Impact Assessment EICV Households Living Conditions Survey ENABEL Belgium Development Cooperation ENR Environment Natural Resources ESSP Education Sector Strategic Plan ESSP Education Sector Strategic plan EWS Early Warning System FAO Food Agriculture Organization FONERWA National Climate and Environment Fund Frw Rwanda Francs GBV Gender Based Violence GBS Gender Budget Statement GDP Growth Domestic Product GEWE Gender Equality and Women Empowerment GGCRS Green Growth and Climate Resilience Strategy GGGI Global Green Growth Institute GMO Gender Monitoring Office GNI Growth National Income GoR Government of Rwanda 6 GRB Gender Responsive Budgeting HCI Human Capital Index HDI Human Development Index Human Immunodeficiency Virus/Acquired Immunodeficiency HIV/AIDS Syndrome HSSP Health Sector Strategic plan ICT Information Communication Technology IFPRI International Food Policy Research Institute IMF International Monetary Fund IOSC Isange One Stop Centres JADF Joint Action Development Forums JRLO Justice Reconciliation Law and Order LFS Labour force Surveys LIC Low-Income Country MDG Millennium Development Goal MICE Meetings, Incentives, Conferences and Events MIDIMAR Ministry of Disaster Management and Refugees Affairs MINAGRI Ministry of Agriculture and Animal Resources MINECOFIN Ministry of Finance and Economic Planning MINEDUC Minstry of Education MINEMA Ministry of Emergency Management MINISANTE Ministry of Health MNO Mobile Network Operators MT Metric Tonnes MTO Money Transfer Operators NCA Natural Capital Accounting NDC Nationally Determined Contribution NECDP National Early Childhood Development Programme NEP National Employment Program NISR
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