Arheologija I Prirodne Nauke
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ARHEOLOGIJA I PRIRODNE NAUKE ARCHAEOLOGY AND SCIENCE Center for New Technology Institute of Archaeology Belgrade ARCHAEOLOGY AND SCIENCE 14 2018 Belgrade 2018 Centar za nove tehnologije Arheološki institut Beograd ARHEOLOGIJA I PRIRODNE NAUKE 14 2018 Beograd 2018. Published: Center for New Technology Viminacium Institute of Archaeology Belgrade Kneza Mihaila 35/IV 11000 Belgrade, Serbia e-mail: [email protected] Tel. +381 11 2637191 For the publishers: Miomir Korać Vladimir Miletić Editor-in-chief: Miomir Korać Editorial Board: Roksana Chowaniec, University of Warsaw, Institute of Archaeology, Warsaw Gianfranco Cicognani, Central European Initiative (CEI-ES), Trieste Rosemarie Cordie, Archäologiepark Belginum Eric De Sena, John Cabot University, Rome Snežana Golubović, Institute of Archaeology, Belgrade Natalia Goncharova, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow Gisela Grupe, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, München Michaela Harbeck, Staatssammlung für Anthropologie und Paläoanatomie, München Lanfranco Masotti, Universita’ di Bologna, Bologna Žarko Mijailović, University of Belgrade, Faculty of Mathematics, Belgrade Milan Milosavljević, University of Belgrade, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Belgrade Dragan Milovanović, University of Belgrade, Faculty of Mining and Geology, Belgrade Zoran Obradović, Temple University, Philadelphia Zoran Ognjanović, Mathematical Institute, Belgrade Marco Pacetti, Universita’ Politecnico delle Marche, Ancona Slaviša Perić, Institute of Archaeology, Belgrade Milica Tapavički-Ilić, Institute of Archaeology, Belgrade Dejan Vučković, University of Belgrade, Faculty of Mining and Geology, Belgrade Zsolt Zolnai, University of Wisconsin - Madison, Madison Olivera Ilić (secretary), Institute of Archaeology, Belgrade Translation: Aleksandra Goldberger Jelena Vitezović Lecturer: Dave Calcutt Graphic design: Nemanja Mrđić Print: Digital Art Company Beograd Printed in: 500 copies ISSN 1452-7448 Izdavači: Centar za nove tehnologije Viminacium Arheološki institut Beograd Kneza Mihaila 35/IV 11000 Beograd, Srbija e-mail: [email protected] Tel. +381 11 2637191 Za izdavače: Miomir Korać Vladimir Miletić Urednik: Miomir Korać Uređivački odbor: Roksana Hovanjec, Univerzitet u Varšavi, Arheološki institut, Varšava Đanfranko Čikonjani, Centralnoevropska inicijativa (CEI-ES), Trst Rozmari Kordi, Arheološki park Belginum Erik De Sena, Džon Kabot Univerzitet, Rim Snežana Golubović, Arheološki institut, Beograd Natalija Gončarova, Moskovski Državni Univerzitet Lomonosov, Moskva Gizela Grupe, Ludvig-Maksimilians-Univerzitet, Minhen Mihaela Harbek, Zbirka za antropologiju i paleoanatomiju, Minhen Lanfranko Masoti, Univerzitet u Bolonji, Bolonja Žarko Mijailović, Univerzitet u Beogradu, Matematički fakultet, Beograd Milan Milosavljević, Univerzitet u Beogradu, Elektrotehnički fakultet, Beograd Dragan Milovanović, Univerzitet u Beogradu, Rudarsko-geološki fakultet, Beograd Zoran Obradović, Univerzitet Templ, Filadelfija Zoran Ognjanović, Matematički institut, Beograd Marko Paćeti, Politehnički univerzitet Marke, Ankona Slaviša Perić, Arheološki institut, Beograd Milica Tapavički-Ilić, Arheološki institut, Beograd Dejan Vučković, Univerzitet u Beogradu, Rudarsko-geološki fakultet, Beograd Zolt Zolnaj, Univerzitet u Viskonsinu - Medison, Medison Olivera Ilić (sekretar), Arheološki institut, Beograd Prevod: Aleksandra Goldberger Jelena Vitezović Lektor: Dejv Kalkat Dizajn i tehničko uređenje: Nemanja Mrđić Štampa: Digital Art Company Beograd Tiraž: 500 primeraka ISSN 1452-7448 Contents / sadržaj Rasprave i članci Treatises and Articles Christy Emilio Ioannidou Hellenic Marine Forces in Late Bronze Age Greece.............................9 Snežana Nikolić A Rewiew of Several Graves Between the City and the Military Camp Goran Stojić .............................................................................................................19 Milan Milovanović Two Early Byzantine Fibulae from the Pčelinji Krš Site in Laznica near Žagubica..............................................................................................29 Emilija Nikolić Short Observations on the Possible Hydraulicity of Viminacium Lime Dragana Rogić Mortars Based on the Results of Laboratory Research.......................39 Ljubiša Vasiljević Votive Monuments in Serbia dedicated to the Cult of the Nymphs (In- cluding Forest Deities and Silvanus)...................................................51 Mirjana Vojvoda Decvrsio Motifs on the Reverse of Nero’s Sestertii (revisiting an old Saša Redžić issue)....................................................................................................61 Đorđe Ćirić The Bible as a Source of Information on Medieval Winegrowing in Serbia...................................................................................................73 Vanja Korać Web Server Security Aspect................................................................93 Dragan Prlja Vanja Korać Targeting Cyber Threats by Recognizing Active and Passive Malicious Dragan Prlja Attack Techniques and Protecting Information.................................103 Prikazi Reviews Ljubiša Vasiljević Ljubica Perinić, The Nature and Origin of the Cult of Silvanus in the Roman Provinces of Dalmatia and Pannonia.....................................115 Ljubiša Vasiljević Smilja Jović, Julijana Pešić, Vladimir Stojanović, Vladimir Stevanović, Tajne arheoloških deopoa ‒ muzejske akvizicije...............................123 Guidelines for Submitting Manuscripts for the Periodical Arheologija i Prirodne Nauke (Archaeology and Science)....................................125 7 Ioannidou - Hellenic Marine Forces in...(9-19) Archaeology and Science 14 (2018) CHRISTY EMILIO IOANNIDOU 904:359»637»(38) The Association of Historical COBISS.SR-ID 272003084 Studies KORYVANTES Original research article Athens, Greece E-mail: [email protected] Received: October 25th 2018 Accepted: October 30th 2018 HELLENIC MARINE FORCES IN LATE BRONZE AGE GREECE ABSTRACT Bronze Age excavation finds offer a great number of information relating the naval architecture of Greek ships. Unfortunately depictions with war character are quite limited. In addition, the paucity of naval battles on illustrations and texts raise many difficulties to the study of naval warfare. Warriors on board, who consisted a primitive type of marine corps of Late Bronze Age Greece, offers an obstructive but very exiting area for research. KEYWORDS: GREEK SHIPS, MARINE FORCES, LATE BRONZE AGE GREECE. MARINES, epibatai (ἐπιβάτάι) sile weapons (Johnston 1985, 16). So, the role of ship commander and his manoeuvres, as we know The archaeological evidence on the Bronze from the glorious era of trireme (Ioannidou 2016), Age Naval Warfare provides us specific informa- was set apart. The on-board warriors were the tion on the nature of the sea-conflicts. The cam- ones who would attack on the enemy ship, try- paigns of Attarsiya (1400-1220 BC), as well as ing to kill the enemy crew and capture the enemy his conflict with Madduwatta, the Hittite vassal, boat, which would be considered as an extremely represent the first recorded Mycenaean Greek mil- expensive and valuable trophy. These men could itary activity on the Anatolian mainland (Kelder achieve strong and far range shots (Bakas, 2014, 2005, 154). The already six recorded military ac- 10-19) against mobile targets (crew and sails). tivities of the Mycenaeans in Anatolia, presume When the ships would get touch each other they extremely strong naval powers which would would use small range weapons, as close-quarters dominate in the Aegean sea and able to disem- fights were taking place on decks. bark numerous warriors for such land-campaigns. Leaving apart the occasions of land-fighter Although the already recorded Ahhiyawan enter- who used ships to engage in the battle field, we prises in Anatolia do not provide us information realize how difficult could be a task for a marine. on any naval battle, it is a strong indication that At least a rudimentary training or a simple range the Mycenaeans were already familiar with naval practice on a deck could existed but there no raid-operations and naval warfare. Based on the documents or depictions to prove this. Contrary limited Aegean potteries and frescoes, but mostly to Homer’s lack of information about naval bat- on the Medinet Habu monument (Nelson 1943) tles, we find several descriptions in his epics of we can see that the typical naval battle of those warriors taking part on sea conflicts and landing times in Eastern Mediteranean basin included operations. But concerning marines’ training, the close-quarters fights on decks and the use of mis- information we have are much later (Thucydides, 9 Archaeology and Science 14 (2018) Ioannidou - Hellenic Marine Forces in...(9-19) 7.63, 7.67, Polyainos, Strategemata, 2.7, Arrian, EQUIPMENT Alexander Anabasis, 7.23). We can assume with reasonably certainty that a similar training of The typical marine armor equipment should Classical period (Ioannidou 2016, 52-54, 59-63, have followed the needs of the naval warfare pat- 69-72 and Charles 1948, 181-188) could exist in tern of the deck-assault: Helmets, body armor, Late Bronze Age too. shields, javelins, swords, spears. Various depic- One may understand the difficulty of a tions show marines wearing heavy armament (for land-fighter to stand on a tossed and unstable ship example Fig. 3) which for such battlefield (for during a naval battle, to maintain his balance, to example tossed and slipping deck) should be not