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Antropološko Istraživanje Predstava O Manastirima Srpske Pravoslavne Crkve Kod Poklonika Na Početku 21

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Antropološko Istraživanje Predstava O Manastirima Srpske Pravoslavne Crkve Kod Poklonika Na Početku 21 UNIVERZITET U BEOGRADU FILOZOFSKI FAKULTET ODELJENJE ZA ETNOLOGIJU I ANTROPOLOGIJU Biljana M. Anđelković POKLONIČKA PUTOVANJA: ANTROPOLOŠKO ISTRAŽIVANJE PREDSTAVA O MANASTIRIMA SRPSKE PRAVOSLAVNE CRKVE KOD POKLONIKA NA POČETKU 21. VEKA Doktorska disertacija Beograd, 2021. UNIVERSITY OF BELGRADE FACULTY OF PHILOSOPHY DEPARTMENT OF ETHNOLOGY AND ANTHROPOLOGY Biljana M. Anđelković PILGRIMAGE: AN ANTHROPOLOGY RESEARCH OF PILGRIMS PERCEPTION OF SERBIAN ORTHODOX CHURCH MONASTERIES AT THE BEGINNING OF THE 21st CENTURY Doctoral Dissertation Belgrade, 2021. MENTOR: prof.dr Danijel Sinani, redovni profesor Odeljenje za etnologiju i antropologiju, Univerzitet u Beogradu, Filozofski fakultet ČLANOVI KOMISIJE: prof.dr Lidija Radulović, vanredni profesor Odeljenje za etnologiju i antropologiju, Univerzitet u Beogradu, Filozofski fakultet dr Aleksandra Pavićević, naučni savetnik Etnografski institut Srpske akademije nauka i umetnosti Datum odbrane doktorske disertacije: REČ ZAHVALNOSTI Ogromnu zahvalnost za nastanak ove doktorske disertacije dugujem svim poklonicima, organizatorima pokloničkih putovanja, monasima i monahinjama sa kojima sam tokom godina putovala, razgovarala i upoznavala svet pokloništva. Hvala im na vremenu, strpljenju i spremnosti da sa mnom podele segmente svog života u kome hodočašća imaju važnu ulogu. Iskrenu zahvalnost dugujem svom mentoru profesoru Danijelu Sinaniju i profesorki Lidiji Radulović čija su mi zapažanja, kritike i sugestije pomogli u izradi ove disertacije. Veliko hvala profesoru Milošu Milenkoviću, čije su reči podrške i ohrabrenja bile “vetar u leđa” za nastavak akademskog obrazovanja. Takođe, želim da se zahvalim prijateljima i kolegama iz Etnografskog instituta SANU, a pre svega direktorki prof.dr Dragani Radojičić, dr Milini Ivanović-Barišić i dr Aleksandri Pavićević, koja mi je pružila izuzetnu priliku za rad i istraživanje. Na kraju, ili pre svih, zahvalnost dugujem svojoj porodici za strpljenje, razumevanje i finansijsku podršku tokom višegodišnjeg terenskog istraživanja. Poklonička putovanja: antropološko istraživanje predstava o manastirima Srpske pravoslavne crkve kod poklonika na početku 21. veka Sažetak: U ovoj doktorskoj disertaciji bavim se problematizacijom predstava o manastirima kod poklonika Srpske pravoslavne crkve. Polazeći od činjenice da je naše razumevanje stvarnosti posredovano kulturom uslovljenim predstavama, želela sam da ispitam proces konstrukcije predstava o manastirima SPC. Za okvir ovog proučavanja uzeta su organizovana poklonička putovanja, budući da je tu reč o složenoj interakciji različitih aktera (organizatori putovanja/vodiči, monaštvo i poklonici) koji, svako na svoj način, pokazuju interes za instituciju manastira. Tokom poslednjih nekoliko decenija u Srbiji ovaj vid pokloništva postao je veoma popularan i masovan. Organizovanim pokloničkim putovanjima, s jedne strane, pristupam kao načinu putovanja, a sa druge, kao načinu prenosa i širenja informacija o manastirima Srpske pravoslavne crkve, gde se uočava izvesna mogućnost kontrolisanja diskursa o manastirima, ali i o pravoslavlju uopšte. Takođe, ona mogu biti posmatrana kao okvir unutar koga dolazi do konstruisanja i razmatranja osnovnih paradigmi srpskog pravoslavlja: različiti akteri razmenjuju sopstveno iskustvo i znanje o manastirima učvršćujući ili preispitujući postojeće modele verovanja i praksi. Putovanje u grupi do pokloničkog odredišta ispunjeno je određenim, ne nužno religijskim sadržajem – istorijskim podacima i pričama, promovisanjem određenog sistema vrednosti i mišljenja, zatim definisanjem prakse vezane za odevanje i ponašanje, političkim stavovima, ali i tumačenjem onoga što su poklonici čuli, videli i doživeli. Fokusirajući se na organizovana poklonička putovanja želela sam da utvrdim na koji način su manastiri, kao najčešća hodočasnička odredišta Srpske pravoslavne crkve, predstavljeni na ovim putovanjima od organizatora putovanja i predstavnika Srpske pravoslavne crkve, da otkrijem da li postoji usaglašenost diskursa u načinu na koji se o njima govori, kao i kakav je individualni odgovor na ponuđene ili nametnute predstave koje dolaze sa institucionalnog nivoa. Glavni zadaci istraživanja bili su, najpre, da se uradi formalna analiza pokloničkih putovanja u savremenom periodu. To je podrazumevalo da se takva putovanja detaljno opišu, uz stvaranje idealnog modela takvih putovanja, da se prepoznaju njihovi glavni elementi i faze, kao i da se prepoznaju i opišu funkcije i međuodnos svih elemenata. U tom smislu, kao najznačajniji, ali i najmanje poznati faktori, izdvajaju se organizatori putovanja, koji se javljaju i kao medijatori, ali i kao autoriteti i pokretači procesa, koji imaju sposobnost i moć da kontrolišu ceo proces, a samim tim i način i intenzitet doživljavanja i predstavljanja manastira. Istraživanja su vršena sa ciljem da se sagledaju značaj i uloga koje ova putovanja imaju u proizvodnji i distribuciji narativa o različitim manastirima Srpske pravoslavne crkve, tj. da se proveri kakva je uloga pokloničkih putovanja u konstruisanju predstava o manastirima Srpske pravoslavne crkve kod poklonika. Doktorska disertacija se zasniva na etnografskim istraživanjima vršenim u periodu između 2013. i 2019. godine. Ključne reči: poklonička putovanja/hodočašća, manastiri Srpske pravoslavne crkve, predstave o manastirima, poklonici, Srbija. Naučna oblast: etnologija-antropologija Uža naučna oblast: antropologija hodočašća UDK: 316.7:271.222(497.11)-523.6-57(043.3) Pilgrimages: An anthropological research into pilgrims’ perceptions of Serbian Orthodox Church monasteries in the early 21st century Summary: In this doctoral dissertation, I deal with the problematization of perceptions of monasteries among the pilgrims of the Serbian Orthodox Church. Starting from the fact that our understanding of reality is mediated by culture-conditioned ideas, I wanted to examine the process of constructing perceptions of the monasteries of the Serbian Orthodox Church. Organized pilgrimages were taken as the framework of this study, since it is a complex interaction of different actors (tour operators and guides, monks and pilgrims) who, each in their own way, show interest in the monastic institution. This type of pilgrimage has become very popular and widespread during the last few decades in Serbia. On the one hand, I approach organized pilgrimages as a way of traveling and on the other hand, as a way of transmitting and disseminating information about the monasteries of the Serbian Orthodox Church. In other words, there is a certain possibility of controlling the discourse about monasteries, but also about Orthodoxy in general. Likewise, pilgrimages can be seen as a framework within which the basic paradigms of Serbian Orthodoxy are constructed and considered: different actors exchange their own experience and knowledge of monasteries, consolidating or reexamining the existing models of beliefs and practices. The group trip to the pilgrimage site is filled with certain, not necessarily, religious content - historical data and stories, promoting a certain system of values and opinions, defining practices related to the dressing and behavior, political attitudes, and also with interpreting what pilgrims heard, saw and experienced. By focusing on organized pilgrimages, I wanted to determine how monasteries, as the most common pilgrimage destinations of the Serbian Orthodox Church, are represented in these trips by tour operators and representatives of the Serbian Orthodox Church, to reveal if the discourses of pilgrimages are harmonized, as well as what is the individual response to the offered or imposed ideas that come from the institutional level. One of the main tasks of the research was to make a formal analysis of pilgrimages in the modern period. This meant describing such trips in detail, creating an ideal model thereof, identifying their main elements and phases, and identifying and describing functions and interrelations of all the elements. In this respect, travel operators stand out as the most important, but also the least known factors. They also appear as mediators, as well as authorities and initiators of the process, with the ability and power to control the whole process, and thus the intensity and the way in which others experience and represent the monasteries. The purpose of research was to understand the significance and role that these trips have in the making and distribution of narratives about different monasteries of the Serbian Orthodox Church, i.e. to verify the role of pilgrimages in constructing notions about the monasteries of the Serbian Orthodox Church among pilgrims. The doctoral dissertation is based on ethnographic research conducted in the period 2013–2019. Keywords: pilgrimages, monasteries of the Serbian Orthodox Church, perceptions of monasteries, pilgrims, Serbia. Scientific field: ethnology-anthropology Scientific subfield: anthropology of pilgrimage UDC: 316.7:271.222(497.11)-523.6-57(043.3) Lani i Julijani SADRŽAJ 1. UVOD....................................................................................................................................1 1.1. Praksa hodočašća u Srbiji: istorijska perspektiva....................................................7 1.2. Manastiri u javnim diskursima i narativima..........................................................25 2. TEORIJSKO-METODOLOŠKI OKVIR.............................................................................33 2.1. Određenje osnovnih pojmova................................................................................33
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