The Age of Chivalry
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The Solar System What’S in Our Solar System?
The Solar System What’s in Our Solar System? • Our Solar System consists of a central star (the Sun), the eight planets orbiting the sun, several dwarf planets, moons, asteroids, comets, meteors, interplanetary gas, dust, and all the “space” in between them. • Solar System: a star (sun) together with all the objects revolving around it (planets and their moons, asteroids, comets, and so on). What’s in Our Solar System? • The word solar comes from the Latin solaris, meaning “of the sun.” Sol is the Latin word for “sun.” • The eight planets of the Solar System are named for Greek and Roman Gods and Goddesses. Planetary System Planetary System: a planet with its moon(s), • The Earth and moon are a planetary system. • The word planet comes from a Greek word meaning “wandering.” To the ancients, the five visible planets to the naked eye appeared to move, unlike the other fixed stars that were “fixed.” • Orbit: the path followed by a planet, asteroid, or comet around a star, or a moon around a planet. The word comes from the Latin orbita, meaning a “wheel track.” Planets, Dwarf Planets, Moons, Asteroids, and Comets • Planet: a large body, spherical because of its own gravity, orbiting a star and not sharing its orbit with any other large bodies. • Dwarf Planet: a planet-like body that orbits the sun and does not clear its orbital zone of other massive bodies, and is not a moon. • Moon: object revolving around a planet. The word moon is from an ancient German root meaning “moon” or “month.” Planets, Dwarf Planets, Moons, Asteroids, and Comets • Asteroid: a rocky or metallic object a few feet or a few miles in dimeter. -
The Hellenic Saga Gaia (Earth)
The Hellenic Saga Gaia (Earth) Uranus (Heaven) Oceanus = Tethys Iapetus (Titan) = Clymene Themis Atlas Menoetius Prometheus Epimetheus = Pandora Prometheus • “Prometheus made humans out of earth and water, and he also gave them fire…” (Apollodorus Library 1.7.1) • … “and scatter-brained Epimetheus from the first was a mischief to men who eat bread; for it was he who first took of Zeus the woman, the maiden whom he had formed” (Hesiod Theogony ca. 509) Prometheus and Zeus • Zeus concealed the secret of life • Trick of the meat and fat • Zeus concealed fire • Prometheus stole it and gave it to man • Freidrich H. Fuger, 1751 - 1818 • Zeus ordered the creation of Pandora • Zeus chained Prometheus to a mountain • The accounts here are many and confused Maxfield Parish Prometheus 1919 Prometheus Chained Dirck van Baburen 1594 - 1624 Prometheus Nicolas-Sébastien Adam 1705 - 1778 Frankenstein: The Modern Prometheus • Novel by Mary Shelly • First published in 1818. • The first true Science Fiction novel • Victor Frankenstein is Prometheus • As with the story of Prometheus, the novel asks about cause and effect, and about responsibility. • Is man accountable for his creations? • Is God? • Are there moral, ethical constraints on man’s creative urges? Mary Shelly • “I saw the pale student of unhallowed arts kneeling beside the thing he had put together. I saw the hideous phantasm of a man stretched out, and then, on the working of some powerful engine, show signs of life, and stir with an uneasy, half vital motion. Frightful must it be; for supremely frightful would be the effect of any human endeavour to mock the stupendous mechanism of the Creator of the world” (Introduction to the 1831 edition) Did I request thee, from my clay To mould me man? Did I solicit thee From darkness to promote me? John Milton, Paradise Lost 10. -
Aiello Calabro (CS) Italy
Dr. Francesco Gallo OUTSTANDING FAMILIES of Aiello Calabro (CS) Italy from the XVI to the XX centuries EMIGRATION to USA and Canada from 1880 to 1930 Padua, Italy August 2014 1 Photo on front cover: Graphic drawing of Aiello of the XVII century by Pietro Angius 2014, an readaptation of Giovan Battista Pacichelli's drawing of 1693 (see page 6) Photo on page 1: Oil painting of Aiello Calabro by Rosario Bernardo (1993) Photo on back cover: George Benjamin Luks, In the Steerage, 1900 Oil on canvas 77.8 x 48.9 cm North Carolina Museum of Art, Raleigh. Purchased with funds from the Elizabeth Gibson Taylor and Walter Frank Taylor Fund and the North Carolina State Art Society (Robert F. Phifer Bequest), 98.12 2 With deep felt gratitude and humility I dedicate this publication to Prof. Rocco Liberti a pioneer in studying Aiello's local history and author of the books: "Ajello Calabro: note storiche " published in 1969 and "Storia dello Stato di Aiello in Calabria " published in 1978 The author is Francesco Gallo, a Medical Doctor, a Psychiatrist, a Professor at the University of Maryland (European Division) and a local history researcher. He is a member of various historical societies: Historical Association of Calabria, Academy of Cosenza and Historic Salida Inc. 3 Coat of arms of some Aiellese noble families (from the book by Cesare Orlandi (1734-1779): "Delle città d'Italia e sue isole adjacenti compendiose notizie", Printer "Augusta" in Perugia, 1770) 4 SUMMARY of the book Introduction 7 Presentation 9 Brief History of the town of Aiello Calabro -
Crater Copernicus John Paladini Took This Image of Crater Copernicus with His Home-Built 6" F/8 Refractor (10 Frames a Second Neximager Stack of About 100)
WESTCHESTER AMATEUR ASTRONOMERS MAY 2010 Sky tch Crater Copernicus John Paladini took this image of crater Copernicus with his home-built 6" f/8 refractor (10 frames a second neximager stack of about 100). An impact crater, Copernicus is thought to be about 800 million years old. The crater is 93 km in diameter and about 3700m deep. The crater’s central peaks are visible in the above photo. They rise about 1200m above the crater’s floor. SERVING THE ASTRONOMY COMMUNITY SINCE 1983 Page 1 WESTCHESTER AMATEUR ASTRONOMERS MAY 2010 Events for May 2010 WAA Lectures the public. The scheduled rain/cloud date is May 15th. “No Place for the Timid: Participants and quests should read our General The Engineering Saves of NASA": Observing Guidelines. Friday May 7th, 8:00pm Miller Lecture Hall, Pace University Renewing Members. Pleasantville, NY Bill Forsyth - Hartsdale Alan Witzgall will be giving a behind the scenes look Donna Cincotta - Yonkers at NASA, featuring the engineering saves and Arumugam Manoharan - Yonkers technical support which make space flight possible. James Peale - Bronxville Alan is a well-known astronomy lecturer and science Paul Alimena - Rye writer; he is active in many metropolitan area astronomy organizations. Free and open to the public. Call: 1-877-456-5778 (toll free) for announcements, weather cancellations, or Upcoming Lectures questions. Also, don’t forget to periodically visit the June's lecture will be a teleconference featuring the WAA website at: senior astronomer from the SETI institute, Dr. Seth http://www.westchesterastronomers.org/. Shostak. It will take place at 7:00 pm on Thursday June 10th. -
JUICE Red Book
ESA/SRE(2014)1 September 2014 JUICE JUpiter ICy moons Explorer Exploring the emergence of habitable worlds around gas giants Definition Study Report European Space Agency 1 This page left intentionally blank 2 Mission Description Jupiter Icy Moons Explorer Key science goals The emergence of habitable worlds around gas giants Characterise Ganymede, Europa and Callisto as planetary objects and potential habitats Explore the Jupiter system as an archetype for gas giants Payload Ten instruments Laser Altimeter Radio Science Experiment Ice Penetrating Radar Visible-Infrared Hyperspectral Imaging Spectrometer Ultraviolet Imaging Spectrograph Imaging System Magnetometer Particle Package Submillimetre Wave Instrument Radio and Plasma Wave Instrument Overall mission profile 06/2022 - Launch by Ariane-5 ECA + EVEE Cruise 01/2030 - Jupiter orbit insertion Jupiter tour Transfer to Callisto (11 months) Europa phase: 2 Europa and 3 Callisto flybys (1 month) Jupiter High Latitude Phase: 9 Callisto flybys (9 months) Transfer to Ganymede (11 months) 09/2032 – Ganymede orbit insertion Ganymede tour Elliptical and high altitude circular phases (5 months) Low altitude (500 km) circular orbit (4 months) 06/2033 – End of nominal mission Spacecraft 3-axis stabilised Power: solar panels: ~900 W HGA: ~3 m, body fixed X and Ka bands Downlink ≥ 1.4 Gbit/day High Δv capability (2700 m/s) Radiation tolerance: 50 krad at equipment level Dry mass: ~1800 kg Ground TM stations ESTRAC network Key mission drivers Radiation tolerance and technology Power budget and solar arrays challenges Mass budget Responsibilities ESA: manufacturing, launch, operations of the spacecraft and data archiving PI Teams: science payload provision, operations, and data analysis 3 Foreword The JUICE (JUpiter ICy moon Explorer) mission, selected by ESA in May 2012 to be the first large mission within the Cosmic Vision Program 2015–2025, will provide the most comprehensive exploration to date of the Jovian system in all its complexity, with particular emphasis on Ganymede as a planetary body and potential habitat. -
1 INTRODUCTION 1.1 Document Overview 1.2 Software Overview
625-645-234011, Rev. A TABLE OF CONTENTS 1 INTRODUCTION 1.1 Document Overview 1.2 Software Overview 1.3 System Hardware/Software Requirements 1.3.1 SUN 1.3.2 Windows 3.1 or Macintosh 1.4 Packaging 1.4.1 MIRAGE System Files 1.4.2 MIRAGE Data Files 1.4.3 Sequence Delivery Directories 1.5 Typographical Conventions 2 SETTING UP TO RUN MIRAGE 2.1 Obtaining a Unix Account 2.2 Installing the X terminal Server 2.2.1 MacIntosh 2.2.2 Windows 3.1 2.2.3 What's your IP Address? 2.3 Starting and Exiting MIRAGE 2.3.1 From Donatello 2.3.2 From a MAC 2.3.3 From Windows 2.3.4 From a Sun Workstation (e.g. POINTER) 3 MIRAGE INTERFACE BASICS 3.1 The MIRAGE Display 3.1.1 Command Pane 3.1.2 History Pane 3.1.3 Display Work Area 3.1.4 The Legend 3.2 Configuring MIRAGE 3.2.1 Changing Legends 3.2.2 Zooming and Scaling 625-645-234011, Rev. A 3.2.3 Vertical Ruler 3.3 MIRAGE Commands 3.3.1 Aborting Commands 3.3.2 Command Help 3.3.3 Mouse Command Sets 3.4 The MIRAGE Menus 4 MODELING IN MIRAGE 4.1 Multi Use Buffer 4.1.1 Buffer High and Low Water Marks 4.1.2 Filling the Buffer 4.1.3 Draining the Buffer 4.1.4 Modeling the Effects of Real Time Activities on the MUB 4.1.5 Modeling the Effect of Buffer Dump to Tape on the MUB 4.1.6 Modeling the Effect of Playback on the MUB 4.1.7 Modeling the Effect of Telemetry on the MUB 4.1.8 User Control of the MUB Level 4.2 Priority Buffer 4.3 DMS 4.4 Running the Models 4.5 How Modeling Results are Displayed 4.6 OAPEL-level Resource Conflict Checking 4.7 How OAPEL-level Conflict Checking Results are Displayed 5 USING MIRAGE 5.1 Starting MIRAGE 5.1.1 Miscellaneous (But Useful) Commands 5.1.2 Moving around the screen 5.2 Create OAPEL 5.2.1 Activity ID Usage 5.2.2 Adding PAs to an OAPEL 5.3 Edit OAPEL 5.4 Create PA 5.5 Edit PA 625-645-234011, Rev. -
Treacherous 'Saracens' and Integrated Muslims
TREACHEROUS ‘SARACENS’ AND INTEGRATED MUSLIMS: THE ISLAMIC OUTLAW IN ROBIN HOOD’S BAND AND THE RE-IMAGINING OF ENGLISH IDENTITY, 1800 TO THE PRESENT 1 ERIC MARTONE Stony Brook University [email protected] 53 In a recent Associated Press article on the impending decay of Sherwood Forest, a director of the conservancy forestry commission remarked, “If you ask someone to think of something typically English or British, they think of the Sherwood Forest and Robin Hood… They are part of our national identity” (Schuman 2007: 1). As this quote suggests, Robin Hood has become an integral component of what it means to be English. Yet the solidification of Robin Hood as a national symbol only dates from the 19 th century. The Robin Hood legend is an evolving narrative. Each generation has been free to appropriate Robin Hood for its own purposes and to graft elements of its contemporary society onto Robin’s medieval world. In this process, modern society has re-imagined the past to suit various needs. One of the needs for which Robin Hood has been re-imagined during late modern history has been the refashioning of English identity. What it means to be English has not been static, but rather in a constant state of revision during the past two centuries. Therefore, Robin Hood has been adjusted accordingly. Fictional narratives erase the incongruities through which national identity was formed into a linear and seemingly inevitable progression, thereby fashioning modern national consciousness. As social scientist Etiénne Balibar argues, the “formation of the nation thus appears as the fulfillment of a ‘project’ stretching over centuries, in which there are different stages and moments of coming to self-awareness” (1991: 86). -
Impact Cratering
6 Impact cratering The dominant surface features of the Moon are approximately circular depressions, which may be designated by the general term craters … Solution of the origin of the lunar craters is fundamental to the unravel- ing of the history of the Moon and may shed much light on the history of the terrestrial planets as well. E. M. Shoemaker (1962) Impact craters are the dominant landform on the surface of the Moon, Mercury, and many satellites of the giant planets in the outer Solar System. The southern hemisphere of Mars is heavily affected by impact cratering. From a planetary perspective, the rarity or absence of impact craters on a planet’s surface is the exceptional state, one that needs further explanation, such as on the Earth, Io, or Europa. The process of impact cratering has touched every aspect of planetary evolution, from planetary accretion out of dust or planetesimals, to the course of biological evolution. The importance of impact cratering has been recognized only recently. E. M. Shoemaker (1928–1997), a geologist, was one of the irst to recognize the importance of this process and a major contributor to its elucidation. A few older geologists still resist the notion that important changes in the Earth’s structure and history are the consequences of extraterres- trial impact events. The decades of lunar and planetary exploration since 1970 have, how- ever, brought a new perspective into view, one in which it is clear that high-velocity impacts have, at one time or another, affected nearly every atom that is part of our planetary system. -
The Thirteenth Mt Haemus Lecture
THE ORDER OF BARDS OVATES & DRUIDS MOUNT HAEMUS LECTURE FOR THE YEAR 2012 The Thirteenth Mt Haemus Lecture Magical Transformation in the Book of Taliesin and the Spoils of Annwn by Kristoffer Hughes Abstract The central theme within the OBOD Bardic grade expresses the transformation mystery present in the tale of Gwion Bach, who by degrees of elemental initiations and assimilation becomes he with the radiant brow – Taliesin. A further body of work exists in the form of Peniarth Manuscript Number 2, designated as ‘The Book of Taliesin’, inter-textual references within this material connects it to a vast body of work including the ‘Hanes Taliesin’ (the story of the birth of Taliesin) and the Four Branches of the Mabinogi which gives credence to the premise that magical transformation permeates the British/Welsh mythological sagas. This paper will focus on elements of magical transformation in the Book of Taliesin’s most famed mystical poem, ‘The Preideu Annwfyn (The Spoils of Annwn), and its pertinence to modern Druidic practise, to bridge the gulf between academia and the visionary, and to demonstrate the storehouse of wisdom accessible within the Taliesin material. Introduction It is the intention of this paper to examine the magical transformation properties present in the Book of Taliesin and the Preideu Annwfn. By the term ‘Magical Transformation’ I refer to the preternatural accounts of change initiated by magical means that are present within the Taliesin material and pertinent to modern practise and the assumption of various states of being. The transformative qualities of the Hanes Taliesin material is familiar to students of the OBOD, but I suggest that further material can be utilised to enhance the spiritual connection of the student to the source material of the OBOD and other Druidic systems. -
ASTRONAUTICS and AERONAUTICS, 1977 a Chronology
NASA SP--4022 ASTRONAUTICS AND AERONAUTICS, 1977 A Chronology Eleanor H. Ritchie ' The NASA History Series Scientific and Technical Information Branch 1986 National Aeronautics and Space Administration Washington, DC Four spacecraft launched by NASA in 1977: left to right, top, ESA’s Geos 1 and NASA’s Heao 1; bottom, ESA’s Isee 2 on NASA’s Isee 1, and Italy’s Wo. (NASA 77-H-157,77-H-56, 77-H-642, 77-H-484) Contents Preface ...................................................... v January ..................................................... 1 February .................................................... 21 March ...................................................... 47 April ....................................................... 61 May ........................................................ 77 June ...................................................... 101 July ....................................................... 127 August .................................................... 143 September ................................................. 165 October ................................................... 185 November ................................................. 201 December .................................................. 217 Appendixes A . Satellites, Space Probes, and Manned Space Flights, 1977 .......237 B .Major NASA Launches, 1977 ............................... 261 C. Manned Space Flights, 1977 ................................ 265 D . NASA Sounding Rocket Launches, 1977 ..................... 267 E . Abbreviations of References -
A Welsh Classical Dictionary
A WELSH CLASSICAL DICTIONARY DACHUN, saint of Bodmin. See s.n. Credan. He has been wrongly identified with an Irish saint Dagan in LBS II.281, 285. G.H.Doble seems to have been misled in the same way (The Saints of Cornwall, IV. 156). DAGAN or DANOG, abbot of Llancarfan. He appears as Danoc in one of the ‘Llancarfan Charters’ appended to the Life of St.Cadog (§62 in VSB p.130). Here he is a clerical witness with Sulien (presumably abbot) and king Morgan [ab Athrwys]. He appears as abbot of Llancarfan in five charters in the Book of Llandaf, where he is called Danoc abbas Carbani Uallis (BLD 179c), and Dagan(us) abbas Carbani Uallis (BLD 158, 175, 186b, 195). In these five charters he is contemporary with bishop Berthwyn and Ithel ap Morgan, king of Glywysing. He succeeded Sulien as abbot and was succeeded by Paul. See Trans.Cym., 1948 pp.291-2, (but ignore the dates), and compare Wendy Davies, LlCh p.55 where Danog and Dagan are distinguished. Wendy Davies dates the BLD charters c.A.D.722 to 740 (ibid., pp.102 - 114). DALLDAF ail CUNIN COF. (Legendary). He is included in the tale of ‘Culhwch and Olwen’ as one of the warriors of Arthur's Court: Dalldaf eil Kimin Cof (WM 460, RM 106). In a triad (TYP no.73) he is called Dalldaf eil Cunyn Cof, one of the ‘Three Peers’ of Arthur's Court. In another triad (TYP no.41) we are told that Fferlas (Grey Fetlock), the horse of Dalldaf eil Cunin Cof, was one of the ‘Three Lovers' Horses’ (or perhaps ‘Beloved Horses’). -
Lunar and Planetary Science XXIX 1866.Pdf
Lunar and Planetary Science XXIX 1866.pdf GALILEO AT CALLISTO: OVERVIEW OF NOMINAL MISSION RESULTS. J. E. Klemaszewski, R. Greeley, K.S. Homan, K.C. Bender, F.C. Chuang, S. Kadel;1 R.J. Sullivan;2 C. Chapman, W.J. Merline;3 J. Moore;4 R. Wagner, T. Denk, G. Neukum;5 J. Head, R. Pappalardo, L. Prockter;6 M. Belton;7 T.V. Johnson;8 C. Pilcher9 and the Galileo SSI Team. 1Dept. of Geology, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 871404; 2Cornell Univ., Ithaca, NY; 3SWRI, Boulder, CO; 4NASA Ames, Moffett Field, CA; 5DLR, Berlin, Germany; 6Brown Univ., Providence, RI; 7NOAO, Tucson, AZ; 8JPL, Pasadena, CA; 9NASA HQ, Washington, DC. The solid-state imaging (SSI) system on board the over 4000 and 1600 km in diameter; their Galileo orbiter acquired 118 images of the Jovian morphologies and theories concerning their origin satellite Callisto on 8 of its 11 nominal mission orbits. have been described by many investigators [e.g. On three of these orbits clear-filter imaging data were 2,3,6,8,9]. Whether or not Callisto is differentiated acquired at resolutions of 150 m/pxl or better, and on could not be determined from Voyager data [6]. five orbits color data were acquired at resolutions Galileo mission objectives for Callisto [10] include (a) between 13.7 and 1.1 km/pixel. Galileo images reveal the characterization of surface processes and that degradational processes have acted on the surface materials, (b) impact craters morphologies and of Callisto causing the erosion of crater walls and rims. evolution, (c) the search for evidence of endogenic This degradation is most likely responsible for the activity, (d) the determination of the origin and production of the dark material that appears to blanket morphology of multi-ring structures, and (e) Callisto’s surface, resulting in a lack of small (<10 km comparison of Callisto and Ganymede.