Downloaded by [University of Defence] at 23:45 30 May 2016 Sea Power and the Asia- Pacific With par ticu lar focus on the Asia- Pacific region, this book examines the rise and fall of sea powers. In the Asia- Pacific region there has been signi fic ant expansion of sea- based eco nom ies together with burgeoning naval power. Many claim that these pro cesses will transform the world’s future economic and secur ity relationships. The book addresses the question of the extent to which the notion of ‘Asia rising’ is reflected by and de pend ent on its de veloping sea power. A central theme is the Chinese challenge to long- term Western maritime ascendency and what might be the con sequences of this. In order to situate current and future de velopments this book includes chapters which ana lyse what sea power means and has meant, as well as its role, both historic and con tempor ary, in the rise and fall of great powers. This book will be of much inter est to students of naval power, Asian pol itics, stra tegic studies, war and conflict studies, IR and secur ity studies. Patrick C. Bratton is Assistant Professor of Political Science and Program Chair for Political Science and International Relations at the Hawaii Pacific University, Honolulu. Geoffrey Till is the Director of the Corbett Centre for Maritime Policy Studies at King’s College London. He is the author of a number of books, including, most recently: The Development of British Naval Thinking (Routledge 2006), Globalization and the Defence in Asia (co- ed. with Emrys Chew and Joshua Ho, Routledge 2008), and Seapower: A Guide for the 21st Downloaded by [University of Defence] at 23:45 30 May 2016 Century (second edition, Routledge 2009). Cass Series: Naval Policy and History Series Editor: Geoffrey Till ISSN 1366–9478 This series consists prim arily of ori ginal manuscripts by research scholars in the gen eral area of naval pol icy and his tory, without national or chrono- logical lim ita tions. It will from time to time also include collections of im port ant art icles as well as reprints of classic works. 1 Austro- Hungarian Naval Policy, 7 The Italian Navy and Fascist 1904–1914 Expansionism, 1935–1940 Milan N. Vego Robert Mallett 8 The Merchant Marine 2 Far- Flung Lines and International Affairs, Studies in Imperial Defence in 1850–1950 Honour of Donald Mackenzie Edited by Greg Kennedy Schurman Edited by Keith Neilson and 9 Naval Strategy in Northeast Asia Greg Kennedy Geo- strategic Goals, Policies and Prospects 3 Maritime Strategy and Duk- Ki Kim Continental Wars Rear Admiral Raja Menon 10 Naval Policy and Strategy in the Mediterranean Sea 4 The Royal Navy and German Past, Present and Future Naval Disarmament 1942–1947 Edited by John B. Hattendorf Chris Madsen 11 Stalin’s Ocean- going Fleet Downloaded by [University of Defence] at 23:45 30 May 2016 Soviet Naval Strategy and 5 Naval Strategy and Operations Shipbuilding Programmes, in Narrow Seas 1935–1953 Milan N. Vego Jürgen Rohwer and Mikhail S. Monakov 6 The Pen and Ink Sailor Charles Middleton and the 12 Imperial Defence, 1868–1887 King’s Navy, 1778–1813 Donald Mackenzie Schurman; John E. Talbott Edited by John Beeler 13 Technology and Naval Combat 22 Royal Navy Strategy in the Far in the Twentieth Century and East, 1919–1939 Beyond Planning for a War against Edited by Phillips Payson O’Brien Japan Andrew Field 14 The Royal Navy and Nuclear Weapons 23 Seapower Richard Moore A Guide for the Twenty- first Century Geoffrey Till 15 The Royal Navy and the Capital Ship in the Interwar Period 24 Britain’s Economic Blockade An Operational Perspective of Germany, 1914–1919 Joseph Moretz Eric W. Osborne 16 Chinese Grand Strategy and 25 A Life of Admiral of the Fleet Maritime Power Andrew Cunningham Thomas M. Kane A Twentieth- Century Naval Leader 17 Britain’s Anti- submarine Michael Simpson Capability, 1919–1939 26 Navies in Northern Waters, George Franklin 1721–2000 Edited by Rolf Hobson and 18 Britain, France and the Naval Tom Kristiansen Arms Trade in the Baltic, 1919–1939 27 German Naval Strategy, Grand Strategy and Failure 1856–1888 Donald Stoker Forerunners to Tirpitz David Olivier 19 Naval Mutinies of the Twentieth Century 28 British Naval Strategy East of An International Perspective Suez, 1900–2000 Edited by Christopher Bell and Influences and Actions Bruce Elleman Edited by Greg Kennedy 20 The Road to Oran 29 The Rise and Fall of the Soviet Downloaded by [University of Defence] at 23:45 30 May 2016 Navy in the Baltic, 1921–1940 Anglo–French Naval Relations, September 1939–July 1940 Gunnar Aselius David Brown 30 The Royal Navy, 1930–1990 Innovation and Defence 21 The Secret War against Sweden Edited by Richard Harding US and British Submarine Deception and Political Control 31 The Royal Navy and Maritime in the 1980s Power in the Twentieth Century Ola Tunander Edited by Ian Speller 32 Dreadnought Gunnery and the 40 Chinese Naval Strategy in the Battle of Jutland 21st Century The Question of Fire Control The Turn to Mahan John Brooks James R. Holmes and Toshi Yoshihara 33 Greek Naval Strategy and 41 Naval Coalition Warfare Policy, 1910–1919 From the Napoleonic War to Zisis Fotakis Operation Iraqi Freedom Edited by Bruce A. Elleman and 34 Naval Blockades and Seapower S. C. M. Paine Strategies and Counter- Strategies, 1805–2005 42 Operational Warfare at Sea Edited by Bruce A. Elleman and Theory and Practice Sarah C. M. Paine Milan Vego 35 The Pacific Campaign in 43 Naval Peacekeeping and World War II Humanitarian Operations From Pearl Harbor to Stability from the Sea Guadalcanal Edited by James J. Wirtz and William Bruce Johnson Jeffrey A. Larsen 44 Indian Naval Strategy in the 36 Anti- submarine Warfare in 21st Century World War I James R. Holmes, British Naval Aviation and the Andrew C. Winner and Defeat of the U- Boats Toshi Yoshihara John J. Abbatiello 45 Seapower 37 The Royal Navy and Anti- A Guide for the Twenty- First Submarine Warfare, 1944–49 Century (Second Edition) Malcolm Llewellyn- Jones Geoffrey Till 46 Naval Power and Expeditionary 38 The Development of British Warfare Naval Thinking Peripheral Campaigns and New Essays in Memory of Downloaded by [University of Defence] at 23:45 30 May 2016 Theatres of Naval Warfare Bryan Ranft Edited by Bruce Elleman and Edited by Geoffrey Till S. C. M. Paine 39 Educating the Royal Navy 47 Sea Power and the Asia- Pacific 18th and 19th Century The triumph of Neptune? Education for Officers Edited by Geoffrey Till and H. W. Dickinson Patrick C. Bratton Sea Power and the Asia- Pacific The triumph of Neptune? Edited by Geoffrey Till and Patrick C. Bratton Downloaded by [University of Defence] at 23:45 30 May 2016 First published 2012 by Routledge 2 Park Square, Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon OX14 4RN Simultaneously published in the USA and Canada by Routledge 711 Third Avenue, New York, NY 10017 Routledge is an imprint of the Taylor & Francis Group, an informa business © 2012 Selection and editorial matter, Geoffrey Till and Patrick C. Bratton, individual contributors; their contributions. The right of the editors to be identified as the authors of the editorial material, and of the authors for their individual chapters, has been asserted in accordance with sections 77 and 78 of the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988. All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reprinted or reproduced or utilised in any form or by any electronic, mechanical, or other means, now known or hereafter invented, including photocopying and recording, or in any information storage or retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publishers. Trademark notice: Product or corporate names may be trademarks or registered trademarks, and are used only for identification and explanation without intent to infringe. British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library Library of Congress Cataloging- in-Publication Data Sea power and the Asia- Pacific: the triumph of Neptune/edited by Geoffrey Till and Patrick C. Bratton. p. cm. – (Cass series–naval policy and history, ISSN 1366–9478; 47) 1. Sea Power–Pacific Area. 2. Seapower–Pacific Area–History. 3. Pacific Area–History, Naval. 4. Pacific Area–Strategic Aspects. 5. Navies–Pacific Area. 6. Navies–Asia. I. Till, Geoffrey. II. Bratton, Patrick C. VA620.S43 2011 359′.03091823–dc22 2011013748 ISBN: 978-0-415-60934-0 (hbk) ISBN: 978-0-203-80250-2 (ebk) Typeset in Baskerville by Wearset Ltd, Boldon, Tyne and Wear Downloaded by [University of Defence] at 23:45 30 May 2016 Contents List of contributors ix Preface xiv List of abbreviations xvi 1 Introduction: sea power and the rise and fall of empires 1 GEOFFREY TILL PART I The navies of the Asia- Pacific 17 2 The United States as a Pacific power 19 PATRICK C. BRATTON 3 Maritime power and the Asia- Pacific: US naval perspectives 46 KEVIN R. JOHNSON 4 China: its maritime traditions and navy today 56 CARL OTIS SCHUSTER 5 The evolution of the People’s Liberation Army Navy: the twin missions of area- denial and peacetime operations 75 MICHAEL MCDEVITT AND FREDERIC VELLUCCI JR. Downloaded by [University of Defence] at 23:45 30 May 2016 6 Japan’s maritime past, present and future 93 ALESSIO PATALANO 7 India’s growing naval power: Indian Ocean in focus 111 HARSH PANT 8 Singapore and sea power 130 JOSHUA HO viii Contents 9 The sea power and navy of the Republic of Korea 144 SEONG-Y ONG PARK 10 Australia’s maritime past, present and future 166 ANDREW FORBES PART II Transitions 191 11 British sea power and imperial defence in the Far East: sharing the seas with America 195 GREG KENNEDY 12 The British Pacific Fleet and the decline of empire? Adaptations to change 214 JON ROBB-W EBB 13 Conclusions: transitions and futures 237 PATRICK C.