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Debess Debess Pavasaris Indekss 2214 ZVAIGÞÒOTÂ ZVAIGÞÒOTÂ 2009 DEBESS DEBESS PAVASARIS STARPTAUTISKAIS ASTRONOMIJAS GADS 2009 ATKLÂTS PARÎZÇ Orbita Sciences Corporation projektçtais kosmosa kuìis Cygnus sâkotnçji tiktu izmantots kravu pârvadâðanai, vçlâk arî pilotçjamiem lidojumiem. Attçls: OSC GALAKTIKU SADURSMES – IZPLATÎTA PARÂDÎBA – VELKAS SIMTIEM MILJONU GADU Ðâdi varçtu izskatîties SpaceX kosmosa kuìa Dragon pilotçjamâs versijas iekðçjais pilotu un sistçmu izvietojums. Attçls: SpaceX ASTRONOMIJA ATGRIEÞAS SKOLÂ Kas IR “LIEKÂ SEKUNDE”? Kâ IEGUVA ÛDENI KOSMISKAJÂ STACIJÂ «MIR»? Sk. M. Sudâra rakstu “Space Shuttle pensijâ, iespçjams, nâkoðgad vçl neies”. TOP A S V PRIVÂTU KOMPÂNIJU KOSMOSA KUÌI Cena Ls 1,85 PIRMIE Z M P PASTMARKÂS 01.08.2008. plkst. 12:54 GMT: pçdçjie Saules stari (attçlâ pa kreisi) pirms pilnâs fâzes. Pilnâ fâze plkst. 12:55 GMT (pa labi). Saules labajâ augðçjâ malâ labi redzama protuberance. Diska apakðçjâ kreisajâ malâ iespçjams novçrot Mçness reljefu. Vainagâ labi redzamas magnçtiskâ lauka lînijas, kas veido izteiktus starus polos (pa diagonâli no kreisâs apakðçjâs malas uz labo augðçjo malu). Fotokamera: Sony Alpha 700, jutîba: ISO 200, objektîvs: Sony SAL–500F80, reflektora tipa konstrukcija, diafragma: f/8. Ekspozîcijas laiks: 1/640 s. Novçroðanas vieta 49°58’05.28" N, 85°57’37.97" E. Fotografçjis autors Sk. G. Ðíilas rakstu “Par Saules aptumsumu Sibîrijâ jeb Altaja odiseja 2008". Laiks abonçt þurnâlu 6. att. Mijiedarbîgas galaktikas. Saplûstoðu galaktiku attçli no 59 attçlu lielas kolekcijas, kas iegûta ar Habla kosmisko teleskopu un publicçta ðî teleskopa 18. gadadienâ 2008. gada 24. aprîlî. NASA/ESA/STScI/AURA (The Hubble Heritage Team) – ESA/Hubble Collaboration/University of Virginia, Charlottesville, NRAO, Stony Brook University (A. Evans) Sk. Z. Alksnes, A. Alkðòa rakstu “Ðíîbâs spirâliskâs galaktikas”. Vâku 1. lpp.: Izdevniecîbâ “Mâcîbu grâmata” Pâris gravitacionâli mijiedarbojuðos galaktiku Arp 147. Galaktikas redzamas tâ, ka iegûts atveidojumâ Rîgâ: Raiòa bulvârî 19, 172. telpâ un daiïumâ nevainojams '10'. Galaktika pa kreisi jeb '1' ðai attçlâ ir samçrâ “netraucçta”, nemaz nerunâjot vai Klijânu ielâ 2d, 413. telpâ, iemaksâjot skaidru naudu par gludo zvaigþòu gaismas apli, kura malas ðíiet tuvu gandrîz mûsu skata virzienâ. Galaktika pa labi – ðî vai pieprasot rçíinu pâra '0' – biezs zils riòíis, kas sastâv no jaunâm ârkârtîgi spoþâm masîvâm zvaigznçm, izveidojies pçc pa tâlruni 67325322 tam, kad galaktika pa kreisi izgâjusi cauri galaktikai pa labi. vai e-pastu [email protected] Attçls iegûts ar Habla kosmiskâ teleskopa (Hubble Space Telescope) kameru WFPC2 (Wide Field Planetary Latvijas Pastâ Camera 2) caur trim daþâdu krâsu filtriem – zilo, redzamâs gaismas un infrasarkano, ko pârstâv attiecîgi nodaïâs: abonçðanas indekss 2213 zilâ, zaïâ un sarkanâ krâsa. Galaktiku pâris nofotografçts 2008. gada 27.–28. oktobrî. pa tâlruni: 67008001 : www.pasts.lv NASA, ESA, M.Livio et al. (STScl) internetâ Cena vienam numuram – Ls 1,75 Sk. No Galileja lîdz Habla teleskopam. visam gadam – Ls 10,50 Papildus informâcija: www.lu.lv/terra 2009. gadâ TERRA iznâks janvâra, marta, maija, jûlija, septembra un novembra sâkumâ SATURS Pirms 40 gadiem “Zvaigþòotajâ Debesî” ZVAIGÞÒOTÂ E.Musteïa apsveikums “Zvaigþòotâs debess” redakcijai. Gulda josla. Latvijas PSR Zinâtòu akadçmijas Radioastrofizikas observatorijâ..........................................2 Zinâtnes ritums DEBESS Ðíîbâs spirâliskâs galaktikas. Zenta Alksne, Andrejs Alksnis .........................................3 LATVIJAS ZINÂTÒU AKADÇMIJAS, Jaunumi Zvaigþòu bçrnistaba – HII apgabals Gum 29. LATVIJAS UNIVERSITÂTES Andrejs Alksnis ................................................................8 ASTRONOMIJAS INSTITÛTA Asteroîda 2008 TC3 sadursme ar Zemi tika paredzçta. Dmitrijs Docenko ............................................................9 POPULÂRZINÂTNISKS Valdis Lapoðka GADALAIKU IZDEVUMS Par “lieko” sekundi. .............................11 Starptautiskais Astronomijas gads 2009 IZNÂK KOPÐ 1958. GADA RUDENS Starptautiskâ astronomijas gada sâkums Parîzç: ÈETRAS REIZES GADÂ Latvijas delegâtu iespaidi. Mârtiòð Gills, Ilgonis Vilks ...13 Kosmosa pçtniecîba un apgûðana Japeta josta. Jânis Jaunbergs .........................................19 Space Shuttle pensijâ, iespçjams, nâkoðgad vçl neies. 2009. GADA PAVASARIS (203) Mârtiòð Sudârs ...............................................................21 Plançtu pavadoòu latviskie nosaukumi. Ilgonis Vilks ..24 Latvijas Universitâtes mâcîbu spçki Fizikas autodidakts Roberts Krastiòð. Jânis Jansons ....28 Latvijas zinâtnieki Credo Spatioso Numen in Orbe (saruna ar Dr.habil.math. Aivaru Lorencu). Agnis Andþâns .........37 In memoriam: Dr.habil.phys. Juris Tambergs (11.08.1942-25.11.2008) ..................................................44 Astronomijas vasaras skolas Redakcijas kolçìija: Ar Ziemeïvalstu teleskopu Kanâriju salâs. Olesja Smirnova, Arturs Barzdis ...................................48 LZA koresp. loc. Dr. hab. math. A. Andþâns Skolâ (atbild. redaktors), LZA Dr. astron. h. c. Astronomijas atgrieðanâs skolâ. Dzintra Knohenfelde ..51 Dr. phys. A. Alksnis, K. Bçrziòð, Latvijas jauno matemâtiíu izlases komplektçðana Dr. sc. comp. M. Gills,Ph. D. J. Jaunbergs, 2008.gadâ. Agnis Andþâns ............................................53 Dr. phil. R. Kûlis,I. Pundure (atbild. sekr.), Latvijas 36. atklâtâ skolçnu astronomijas olimpiâde. Mâris Krastiòð ................................................................55 Dr. phys. L. Roze, Dr. paed. I. Vilks Marss tuvplânâ Tâlrunis 67034581 Ûdens marsieðiem. Jânis Jaunbergs ..............................59 Amatieriem E-pasts: [email protected] 2008.g. 1.augusta Saules aptumsuma vçrojumi http://www.astr.lu.lv/zvd Daugavas krastâ. Mârtiòð Gills ......................................64 http://www.lu.lv/zvd Par Saules aptumsumu Sibîrijâ jeb Altaja odiseja 2008. Gatis Ðíila .....................................66 Çrgïa stâsts par Mçness aptumsumu. Mâris Krastiòð, Mârtiòð Gills...........................................73 Darbu sâk publisko demonstrçjumu observatorija Râmkalnos. Mârtiòð Gills ...............................................76 Jaunas grâmatas Mûþîbas valdnieki. Natâlija Cimahovièa ......................79 Kosmosa tçma mâkslâ Visuma tçma filatçlijâ (4.turpin.). Jçkabs Ðtrauss ........85 Rîga, 2009 Zvaigþòotâ debess 2009.gada pavasarî. Juris Kauliòð .....88 1 PIRMS 40 GADIEM ZVAIGÞÒOTAJÂ DEBESÎ LATVIJAS PSR ZINÂTÒU AKADÇMIJAS POPULÂRZINÂTNISKÂ GADALAIKU IZDEVUMA ZVAIGÞÒOTÂ DEBESS REDAKCIJAI PSRS Zinâtòu akadçmijas Astronomijas padome apsveic populârzinâtnisko izdevumu Zvaigþòotâ debess ar desmit gadu pastâvçðanu un novçl redakcijas kolektîvam sadarbîbâ ar daudzajiem auto- riem turpinât vçrtîgo astronomijas zinâðanu popularizâcijas darbu. Vienlaikus PSRS Zinâtòu akadçmijas Astronomijas padome ar noþçlu atzîmç, ka sakarâ ar ðâ iz- devuma krievu dublikâta trûkumu Zvaigþòotâ debess paliek praktiski nepieejama ïoti plaðam poten- ciâlam lasîtâju pulkam, kuri, iepazinuðies ar tâs saturu, seviðíi ar unikâlajiem materiâliem par astro- nomijas vçsturi, neapðaubami kïûtu par ðâ izdevuma uzticîgiem cienîtâjiem. PSRS Zinâtòu akadçmijas Astronomijas padome cer, ka nâkamajâ desmitgadç Zvaigþòotâ debess atklâs savus noslçpumus un tâs lapaspuses kïûs pieejamas visiem padomju astronomiem un vçl jo lielâkam astronomijas amatieru pulkam. E. MUSTELIS, PSRS Zinâtòu akadçmijas Astronomijas padomes priekðsçdçtâjs, PSRS ZA korespondçtâjloceklis GULDA JOSLA Ievçrojamâ angïu astronoma Viljama Herðela dçls Dþons 1834. gadâ devâs uz Labâs Cerîbas ragu. Viens no viòa uzdevumiem bija noteikt dienvidu zvaigþòu spoþumu. To veicot, Dþ. Herðels ievçroja, ka visspoþâkâs zvaigznes izvietotas pret Piena Ceïu noliektâ joslâ. Sîkâk dienvidu debess spoþo zvaigþòu redzamo sadalîjumu izpçtîja Bendþamins Gulds, strâdâdams Kordovas observatorijâ Argentînâ pagâjuðâ gadsimta otrajâ pusç. Pçc B. Gulda datiem, vairums spoþo zvaigþòu lîdz 4. redzamajam lielumam kon- centrçjas savrup un veido joslu, kas pret Piena Ceïu noliekta gandrîz 20° leòíî. Josla tika nosaukta Gulda vârdâ. Spektru klasifikâcijas sâkðana palîdzçja noskaidrot, kâdas îsti zvaigznes ietilpst Gulda joslâ. Gulda joslai pieder spoþâkâs A spektra klases zvaigznes, kâ arî tuvâkie starpzvaigþòu putekïu un gâzes mâkoòi. Radionovçrojumi 21 cm viïòu garumâ liecina, ka gar Gulda joslu koncentrçts neitrâlais ûdeòradis. Karsto O, B zvaigþòu tuvumâ tas jonizçts un parâdâs emisijas miglâju veidâ. (Saîsinâti pçc Z. Alksnes raksta 20.–23. lpp.) LATVIJAS PSR ZA RADIOASTROFIZIKAS OBSERVATORIJÂ 1968. gada 10. decembrî Radioastrofizikas observatorijas Zinâtniskâ padome noklausîjâs pârskatu par observatorijas darbu 1968. gadâ, ko nolasîja tâs direktors J. Ikaunieks. Pârskata gadâ ir pabeigti un apkopoti monogrâfijâ sarkano milþu zvaigþòu statistiskie pçtîjumi, kas ilga piecus gadus. Turpinâjâs Saules integrâlâ radiostarojuma novçroðana 400 Mhz frekvencç. 1968. gadâ turpinâjâs pçtîjumi sakarâ ar lielâ radiointerferometra konstrukcijas izstrâdâðanu (bâzes garums 2 km), interferometra 30 m ante- nas apstarotâja sistçmas pçtîjumi. Pârskatu par RO zinâtniski organizatorisko darbu sniedza zinâtniskâ sekretâre I. Daube. Aizvadîtajâ gadâ observatorijâ notikuðas vairâkas Vissavienîbas mçroga konferen- ces un sanâksmes. Lielu darbu observatorijas lîdzstrâdnieki veikuði astronomijas popularizâcijas laukâ. (Saîsinâti pçc I. Daubes raksta 51.–53. lpp.) 2 ZVAIGÞÒOTÂ DEBESS: 2009. GADA PAVASARIS ZINÂTNES RITUMS ZENTA ALKSNE, ANDREJS ALKSNIS ÐÍÎBÂS SPIRÂLISKÂS GALAKTIKAS Aplûkojot
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