Volatile Transport on the Moon: a Modeling Perspective
Total Page:16
File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb
Load more
Recommended publications
-
Mission to Jupiter
This book attempts to convey the creativity, Project A History of the Galileo Jupiter: To Mission The Galileo mission to Jupiter explored leadership, and vision that were necessary for the an exciting new frontier, had a major impact mission’s success. It is a book about dedicated people on planetary science, and provided invaluable and their scientific and engineering achievements. lessons for the design of spacecraft. This The Galileo mission faced many significant problems. mission amassed so many scientific firsts and Some of the most brilliant accomplishments and key discoveries that it can truly be called one of “work-arounds” of the Galileo staff occurred the most impressive feats of exploration of the precisely when these challenges arose. Throughout 20th century. In the words of John Casani, the the mission, engineers and scientists found ways to original project manager of the mission, “Galileo keep the spacecraft operational from a distance of was a way of demonstrating . just what U.S. nearly half a billion miles, enabling one of the most technology was capable of doing.” An engineer impressive voyages of scientific discovery. on the Galileo team expressed more personal * * * * * sentiments when she said, “I had never been a Michael Meltzer is an environmental part of something with such great scope . To scientist who has been writing about science know that the whole world was watching and and technology for nearly 30 years. His books hoping with us that this would work. We were and articles have investigated topics that include doing something for all mankind.” designing solar houses, preventing pollution in When Galileo lifted off from Kennedy electroplating shops, catching salmon with sonar and Space Center on 18 October 1989, it began an radar, and developing a sensor for examining Space interplanetary voyage that took it to Venus, to Michael Meltzer Michael Shuttle engines. -
Modeling and Adjustment of THEMIS IR Line Scanner Camera Image Measurements
Modeling and Adjustment of THEMIS IR Line Scanner Camera Image Measurements by Brent Archinal USGS Astrogeology Team 2255 N. Gemini Drive Flagstaff, AZ 86001 [email protected] As of 2004 December 9 Version 1.0 Table of Contents 1. Introduction 1.1. General 1.2. Conventions 2. Observations Equations and Their Partials 2.1. Line Scanner Camera Specific Modeling 2.2. Partials for New Parameters 2.2.1. Orientation Partials 2.2.2. Spatial Partials 2.2.3. Partials of the observations with respect to the parameters 2.2.4. Parameter Weighting 3. Adjustment Model 4. Implementation 4.1. Input/Output Changes 4.1.1. Image Measurements 4.1.2. SPICE Data 4.1.3. Program Control (Parameters) Information 4.2. Computational Changes 4.2.1. Generation of A priori Information 4.2.2. Partial derivatives 4.2.3. Solution Output 5. Testing and Near Term Work 6. Future Work Acknowledgements References Useful web sites Appendix I - Partial Transcription of Colvin (1992) Documentation Appendix II - HiRISE Sensor Model Information 1. Introduction 1.1 General The overall problem we’re solving is that we want to be able to set up the relationships between the coordinates of arbitrary physical points in space (e.g. ground points) and their coordinates on line scanner (or “pushbroom”) camera images. We then want to do a least squares solution in order to come up with consistent camera orientation and position information that represents these relationships accurately. For now, supported by funding from the NASA Critical Data Products initiative (for 2003 September to 2005 August), we will concentrate on handling the THEMIS IR camera system (Christensen et al., 2003). -
NASA's Lunar Atmosphere and Dust Environment Explorer (LADEE)
Geophysical Research Abstracts Vol. 13, EGU2011-5107-2, 2011 EGU General Assembly 2011 © Author(s) 2011 NASA’s Lunar Atmosphere and Dust Environment Explorer (LADEE) Richard Elphic (1), Gregory Delory (1,2), Anthony Colaprete (1), Mihaly Horanyi (3), Paul Mahaffy (4), Butler Hine (1), Steven McClard (5), Joan Salute (6), Edwin Grayzeck (6), and Don Boroson (7) (1) NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA USA ([email protected]), (2) Space Sciences Laboratory, University of California, Berkeley, CA USA, (3) Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO USA, (4) NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD USA, (5) LunarQuest Program Office, NASA Marshall Space Flight Center, Huntsville, AL USA, (6) Planetary Science Division, Science Mission Directorate, NASA, Washington, DC USA, (7) Lincoln Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Lexington MA USA Nearly 40 years have passed since the last Apollo missions investigated the mysteries of the lunar atmosphere and the question of levitated lunar dust. The most important questions remain: what is the composition, structure and variability of the tenuous lunar exosphere? What are its origins, transport mechanisms, and loss processes? Is lofted lunar dust the cause of the horizon glow observed by the Surveyor missions and Apollo astronauts? How does such levitated dust arise and move, what is its density, and what is its ultimate fate? The US National Academy of Sciences/National Research Council decadal surveys and the recent “Scientific Context for Exploration of the Moon” (SCEM) reports have identified studies of the pristine state of the lunar atmosphere and dust environment as among the leading priorities for future lunar science missions. -
LCROSS (Lunar Crater Observation and Sensing Satellite) Observation Campaign: Strategies, Implementation, and Lessons Learned
Space Sci Rev DOI 10.1007/s11214-011-9759-y LCROSS (Lunar Crater Observation and Sensing Satellite) Observation Campaign: Strategies, Implementation, and Lessons Learned Jennifer L. Heldmann · Anthony Colaprete · Diane H. Wooden · Robert F. Ackermann · David D. Acton · Peter R. Backus · Vanessa Bailey · Jesse G. Ball · William C. Barott · Samantha K. Blair · Marc W. Buie · Shawn Callahan · Nancy J. Chanover · Young-Jun Choi · Al Conrad · Dolores M. Coulson · Kirk B. Crawford · Russell DeHart · Imke de Pater · Michael Disanti · James R. Forster · Reiko Furusho · Tetsuharu Fuse · Tom Geballe · J. Duane Gibson · David Goldstein · Stephen A. Gregory · David J. Gutierrez · Ryan T. Hamilton · Taiga Hamura · David E. Harker · Gerry R. Harp · Junichi Haruyama · Morag Hastie · Yutaka Hayano · Phillip Hinz · Peng K. Hong · Steven P. James · Toshihiko Kadono · Hideyo Kawakita · Michael S. Kelley · Daryl L. Kim · Kosuke Kurosawa · Duk-Hang Lee · Michael Long · Paul G. Lucey · Keith Marach · Anthony C. Matulonis · Richard M. McDermid · Russet McMillan · Charles Miller · Hong-Kyu Moon · Ryosuke Nakamura · Hirotomo Noda · Natsuko Okamura · Lawrence Ong · Dallan Porter · Jeffery J. Puschell · John T. Rayner · J. Jedadiah Rembold · Katherine C. Roth · Richard J. Rudy · Ray W. Russell · Eileen V. Ryan · William H. Ryan · Tomohiko Sekiguchi · Yasuhito Sekine · Mark A. Skinner · Mitsuru Sôma · Andrew W. Stephens · Alex Storrs · Robert M. Suggs · Seiji Sugita · Eon-Chang Sung · Naruhisa Takatoh · Jill C. Tarter · Scott M. Taylor · Hiroshi Terada · Chadwick J. Trujillo · Vidhya Vaitheeswaran · Faith Vilas · Brian D. Walls · Jun-ihi Watanabe · William J. Welch · Charles E. Woodward · Hong-Suh Yim · Eliot F. Young Received: 9 October 2010 / Accepted: 8 February 2011 © The Author(s) 2011. -
Atlas V Launches LRO/LCROSS Mission Overview
Atlas V Launches LRO/LCROSS Mission Overview Atlas V 401 Cape Canaveral Air Force Station, FL Space Launch Complex-41 AV-020/LRO/LCROSS United Launch Alliance is proud to be a part of the Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter (LRO) and the Lunar Crater Observation and Sensing Satellite (LCROSS) mission with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). The LRO/LCROSS mission marks the sixteenth Atlas V launch and the seventh flight of an Atlas V 401 configuration. LRO/LCROSS is a dual-spacecraft (SC) launch. LRO is a lunar orbiter that will investigate resources, landing sites, and the lunar radiation environment in preparation for future human missions to the Moon. LCROSS will search for the presence of water ice that may exist on the permanently shadowed floors of lunar polar craters. The LCROSS mission will use two Lunar Kinetic Impactors, the inert Centaur upper stage and the LCROSS SC itself, to produce debris plumes that may reveal the presence of water ice under spectroscopic analysis. My thanks to the entire Atlas team for its dedication in bringing LRO/LCROSS to launch, and to NASA for selecting Atlas for this ground-breaking mission. Go Atlas, Go Centaur, Go LRO/LCROSS! Mark Wilkins Vice President, Atlas Product Line Atlas V Launch History Flight Config. Mission Mission Date AV-001 401 Eutelsat Hotbird 6 21 Aug 2002 AV-002 401 HellasSat 13 May 2003 AV-003 521 Rainbow 1 17 Jul 2003 AV-005 521 AMC-16 17 Dec 2004 AV-004 431 Inmarsat 4-F1 11 Mar 2005 AV-007 401 Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter 12 Aug 2005 AV-010 551 Pluto New Horizons 19 Jan 2006 AV-008 411 Astra 1KR 20 Apr 2006 AV-013 401 STP-1 08 Mar 2007 AV-009 401 NROL-30 15 Jun 2007 AV-011 421 WGS SV-1 10 Oct 2007 AV-015 401 NROL-24 10 Dec 2007 AV-006 411 NROL-28 13 Mar 2008 AV-014 421 ICO G1 14 Apr 2008 AV-016 421 WGS-2 03 Apr 2009 Payload Fairing Number of Solid Atlas V Size (meters) Rocket Boosters Flight/Configuration Key AV-XXX ### Number of Centaur Engines 3-digit Tail Number 3-digit Configuration Number LRO Overview LRO is the first mission in NASA’s planned return to the Moon. -
The Economic Impact of Physics Research in the UK: Satellite Navigation Case Study
The economic impact of physics research in the UK: Satellite Navigation Case Study A report for STFC November 2012 Contents Executive Summary................................................................................... 3 1 The science behind satellite navigation......................................... 4 1.1 Introduction ................................................................................................ 4 1.2 The science................................................................................................ 4 1.3 STFC’s role in satellite navigation.............................................................. 6 1.4 Conclusions................................................................................................ 8 2 Economic impact of satellite navigation ........................................ 9 2.1 Introduction ................................................................................................ 9 2.2 Summary impact of GPS ........................................................................... 9 2.3 The need for Galileo................................................................................. 10 2.4 Definition of the satellite navigation industry............................................ 10 2.5 Methodological approach......................................................................... 11 2.6 Upstream direct impacts .......................................................................... 12 2.7 Downstream direct impacts..................................................................... -
Exploration of the Moon
Exploration of the Moon The physical exploration of the Moon began when Luna 2, a space probe launched by the Soviet Union, made an impact on the surface of the Moon on September 14, 1959. Prior to that the only available means of exploration had been observation from Earth. The invention of the optical telescope brought about the first leap in the quality of lunar observations. Galileo Galilei is generally credited as the first person to use a telescope for astronomical purposes; having made his own telescope in 1609, the mountains and craters on the lunar surface were among his first observations using it. NASA's Apollo program was the first, and to date only, mission to successfully land humans on the Moon, which it did six times. The first landing took place in 1969, when astronauts placed scientific instruments and returnedlunar samples to Earth. Apollo 12 Lunar Module Intrepid prepares to descend towards the surface of the Moon. NASA photo. Contents Early history Space race Recent exploration Plans Past and future lunar missions See also References External links Early history The ancient Greek philosopher Anaxagoras (d. 428 BC) reasoned that the Sun and Moon were both giant spherical rocks, and that the latter reflected the light of the former. His non-religious view of the heavens was one cause for his imprisonment and eventual exile.[1] In his little book On the Face in the Moon's Orb, Plutarch suggested that the Moon had deep recesses in which the light of the Sun did not reach and that the spots are nothing but the shadows of rivers or deep chasms. -
Highlights in Space 2010
International Astronautical Federation Committee on Space Research International Institute of Space Law 94 bis, Avenue de Suffren c/o CNES 94 bis, Avenue de Suffren UNITED NATIONS 75015 Paris, France 2 place Maurice Quentin 75015 Paris, France Tel: +33 1 45 67 42 60 Fax: +33 1 42 73 21 20 Tel. + 33 1 44 76 75 10 E-mail: : [email protected] E-mail: [email protected] Fax. + 33 1 44 76 74 37 URL: www.iislweb.com OFFICE FOR OUTER SPACE AFFAIRS URL: www.iafastro.com E-mail: [email protected] URL : http://cosparhq.cnes.fr Highlights in Space 2010 Prepared in cooperation with the International Astronautical Federation, the Committee on Space Research and the International Institute of Space Law The United Nations Office for Outer Space Affairs is responsible for promoting international cooperation in the peaceful uses of outer space and assisting developing countries in using space science and technology. United Nations Office for Outer Space Affairs P. O. Box 500, 1400 Vienna, Austria Tel: (+43-1) 26060-4950 Fax: (+43-1) 26060-5830 E-mail: [email protected] URL: www.unoosa.org United Nations publication Printed in Austria USD 15 Sales No. E.11.I.3 ISBN 978-92-1-101236-1 ST/SPACE/57 *1180239* V.11-80239—January 2011—775 UNITED NATIONS OFFICE FOR OUTER SPACE AFFAIRS UNITED NATIONS OFFICE AT VIENNA Highlights in Space 2010 Prepared in cooperation with the International Astronautical Federation, the Committee on Space Research and the International Institute of Space Law Progress in space science, technology and applications, international cooperation and space law UNITED NATIONS New York, 2011 UniTEd NationS PUblication Sales no. -
Space Sector Brochure
SPACE SPACE REVOLUTIONIZING THE WAY TO SPACE SPACECRAFT TECHNOLOGIES PROPULSION Moog provides components and subsystems for cold gas, chemical, and electric Moog is a proven leader in components, subsystems, and systems propulsion and designs, develops, and manufactures complete chemical propulsion for spacecraft of all sizes, from smallsats to GEO spacecraft. systems, including tanks, to accelerate the spacecraft for orbit-insertion, station Moog has been successfully providing spacecraft controls, in- keeping, or attitude control. Moog makes thrusters from <1N to 500N to support the space propulsion, and major subsystems for science, military, propulsion requirements for small to large spacecraft. and commercial operations for more than 60 years. AVIONICS Moog is a proven provider of high performance and reliable space-rated avionics hardware and software for command and data handling, power distribution, payload processing, memory, GPS receivers, motor controllers, and onboard computing. POWER SYSTEMS Moog leverages its proven spacecraft avionics and high-power control systems to supply hardware for telemetry, as well as solar array and battery power management and switching. Applications include bus line power to valves, motors, torque rods, and other end effectors. Moog has developed products for Power Management and Distribution (PMAD) Systems, such as high power DC converters, switching, and power stabilization. MECHANISMS Moog has produced spacecraft motion control products for more than 50 years, dating back to the historic Apollo and Pioneer programs. Today, we offer rotary, linear, and specialized mechanisms for spacecraft motion control needs. Moog is a world-class manufacturer of solar array drives, propulsion positioning gimbals, electric propulsion gimbals, antenna positioner mechanisms, docking and release mechanisms, and specialty payload positioners. -
ALBERT VAN HELDEN + HUYGENS’S RING CASSINI’S DIVISION O & O SATURN’S CHILDREN
_ ALBERT VAN HELDEN + HUYGENS’S RING CASSINI’S DIVISION o & o SATURN’S CHILDREN )0g-_ DIBNER LIBRARY LECTURE , HUYGENS’S RING, CASSINI’S DIVISION & SATURN’S CHILDREN c !@ _+++++++++ l ++++++++++ _) _) _) _) _)HUYGENS’S RING, _)CASSINI’S DIVISION _) _)& _)SATURN’S CHILDREN _) _) _)DDDDD _) _) _)Albert van Helden _) _) _) , _) _) _)_ _) _) _) _) _) · _) _) _) ; {(((((((((QW(((((((((} , 20013–7012 Text Copyright ©2006 Albert van Helden. All rights reserved. A H is Professor Emeritus at Rice University and the Univer- HUYGENS’S RING, CASSINI’S DIVISION sity of Utrecht, Netherlands, where he resides and teaches on a regular basis. He received his B.S and M.S. from Stevens Institute of Technology, M.A. from the AND SATURN’S CHILDREN University of Michigan and Ph.D. from Imperial College, University of London. Van Helden is a renowned author who has published respected books and arti- cles about the history of science, including the translation of Galileo’s “Sidereus Nuncius” into English. He has numerous periodical contributions to his credit and has served on the editorial boards of Air and Space, 1990-present; Journal for the History of Astronomy, 1988-present; Isis, 1989–1994; and Tractrix, 1989–1995. During his tenure at Rice University (1970–2001), van Helden was instrumental in establishing the “Galileo Project,”a Web-based source of information on the life and work of Galileo Galilei and the science of his time. A native of the Netherlands, Professor van Helden returned to his homeland in 2001 to join the faculty of Utrecht University. -
SMART-1 Highlights & Apollo Celebration
EPSC Abstracts Vol. 13, EPSC-DPS2019-824-1, 2019 EPSC-DPS Joint Meeting 2019 c Author(s) 2019. CC Attribution 4.0 license. SMART-1 Highlights & Apollo Celebration B.H. Foing, G.Racca, A. Marini, O. Camino, D. Koschny, D. Frew, J. Volp, J.-L. Josset, S. Beauvivre, Y. Shkuratov, K. Muinonen, U. Mall, A. Nathues, M. Grande, B. Kellett, P. Pinet, S. Chevrel, P. Cerroni, M.A. Barucci, S. Erard, D. Despan, V. Shevchenko, P. McMannamon, A.Borst, M. Ellouzi, B. Grieger, M. Almeida, S.Besse, P. Ehrenfreund, C.Veillet, M. Burchell, P. Stooke , SMART1 project, STWT teams, (1) ESA ESTEC, postbus 299, NL-2200 AG Noordwijk, ([email protected]) (2) ILEWG ([email protected]) Abstract SMART-1 results have been relevant for lunar science 11-first mission preparing the ground for ESA and exploration, in relation with previous missions collaboration in Chandrayaan-1, Chang’ E1-2, landers (Apollo, Luna) and subsequent missions (Kaguya, and future international lunar exploration. Chang'E1-2, Chandrayaan-1, LRO, LCROSS, GRAIL, 12-first Earth and Moon family portraits of during cruise LADEE, Chang’E3-4 and future landers). We present and lunar eclipse (Figs 1-2) and Earthrise SMART-1 highlights that celebrate APOLLO legacy after 50 years. Overview of SMART-1 mission and payload: SMART-1 was the first in the programme of ESA’s Small Missions for Advanced Research and Technology [1,2,3]. Its first objective has been achieved to demonstrate Solar Electric Primary Propulsion (SEP) for future Cornerstones (such as Bepi-Colombo) and to test new technologies for spacecraft and instruments. -
NASA Ames Research Center Intelligent Systems and High End Computing
NASA Ames Research Center Intelligent Systems and High End Computing Dr. Eugene Tu, Director NASA Ames Research Center Moffett Field, CA 94035-1000 A 80-year Journey 1960 Soviet Union United States Russia Japan ESA India 2020 Illustration by: Bryan Christie Design Updated: 2015 Protecting our Planet, Exploring the Universe Earth Heliophysics Planetary Astrophysics Launch missions such as JWST to Advance knowledge unravel the of Earth as a Determine the mysteries of the system to meet the content, origin, and universe, explore challenges of Understand the sun evolution of the how it began and environmental and its interactions solar system and evolved, and search change and to with Earth and the the potential for life for life on planets improve life on solar system. elsewhere around other stars earth “NASA Is With You When You Fly” Safe, Transition Efficient to Low- Growth in Carbon Global Propulsion Operations Innovation in Real-Time Commercial System- Supersonic Wide Aircraft Safety Assurance Assured Ultra-Efficient Autonomy for Commercial Aviation Vehicles Transformation NASA Centers and Installations Goddard Institute for Space Studies Plum Brook Glenn Research Station Independent Center Verification and Ames Validation Facility Research Center Goddard Space Flight Center Headquarters Jet Propulsion Wallops Laboratory Flight Facility Armstrong Flight Research Center Langley Research White Sands Center Test Facility Stennis Marshall Space Kennedy Johnson Space Space Michoud Flight Center Space Center Center Assembly Center Facility