Allen, William Francis. A Yankee Scholar in Coastal South Carolina: William Francis Allen’s Civil War Journals. Edited by James Robert Hester. Columbia: University of South Carolina Press, 2015.

Preface

Named and described 188 former slaves of various ages

Kept three journals his time spent in the South

Edited Slave Songs of the in 1867

Strong faith in New England ways

A Note on Transcripts and sources

Letters and writings and journal at Wisconsin Historical Society

Journals written in form of letters to be circulated

Introduction

Born September 5, 1860 west of Boston

Precocity in both music and writing

Harvard, 1851, Phi Betta Kappa

Then extensive European travals--scholar

Taught at a Massachusetts school, married in 1862

Teacher on St. Helena (Sea Island, SC)

Became one of the famous “Gideonites”

Worked with antislavery free labor experimenter Francis Philbrick

His view of freedpeople as human beings, 3--do we measure by 19th century or 21st century standards?

Allen both teaching and studying the freedpeople-a kind of anthropologist

Remained on St. Helena island through June 1864

April 1865 becomes an assistant superintendent of schools in Charleston, SC Inzer, John Washington. The Diary of a Confederate Soldier: John Washington Inzer, 1834- 1928. Edited by Mattie Lou Teague Crow. Huntsville, Ala.: Strode Publishers, 1977.

9th, 58th Alabama and other regiments

Sleeping in old railway car, 24-25 Disease, morale, 27 Corinth, 27 Shiloh, 28-29 Corinth, 29ff Marching, 30-31 Food prices, 36 Captured by Union troops, prisoner, 40ff Shelling, artillery fire, 40-41 Chattanooga, Missionary Ridge, 40ff Food, cold, 47 Women welcome prisoners, badly treated by Federal soldiers, 48 Johnson’s Island, 49ff Illness, 61-62 Food, Yankees starving us, 63, 65 Prayer, 63 Cold, 64 Religious fellowship, 65, 70 Black soldiers and prisoner exchange, 65, 71, 95 Keep war going, women, 66 Yankee, excoriating, 68 Fast, humiliation, and prayer, 70 Grant’s campaign in Virginia, hatred of the Yankees, 78 Food, illness, 82 July 4, 86 Arrest and banishment of a woman, 89 Mobile, 92-93 Democratic convention, McClellan, 97 Atlanta, 98 Butler, 99 Food, 101 Mail, letters, burned, 110 Birthday, prayer, 119 Yankee congress, retaliation against prisoners, 120 Fort Fisher, 121 Oath, 121 Barrel punishment, 122 Sherman rumor, 127 Rumors, 128 Fall of Richmond, 133 Lee surrender, 134 Vanderhoef, Lorenzo. “I Am Now a Soldier”: The Civil War Diaries of Lorenzo Vanderhoef. Edited Kenneth R. Martin and Ralph Linwood Snow. Bath, : Patten Free Library, 1990.

Enlistment, 11 Women, 11 Sermon, 12 Theft, 15 Bathing, 18 Guard house, 24-25 Woman and camp, prostitute, 26 Camp visitors, 28 Officer elections, 30-31 Sutler, 31 July 4, 35 Grafton, 37ff Border states, 41 Sutler, alcohol, 42-43 Food, home, 45 Romney, 48ff Man shot and killed in guard house, 53 Escaped slaves, 54 Chaplain, sermon, 59 Slave, 59, Box, 63 Confederate woman, 65 Officers, 66 Burning fences, 70-71 ’s orders, 73 Christmas, 75 Dysentery, 78 Moving camp, 81 Valley campaign, 1864, 92ff Home, 95 Letters, 123-24 Tuttle, John W. The Union, the Civil War, and John W. Tuttle: A ’s Account. Frankfort: Kentucky Historical Society, 1980.

Third Kentucky Infantry (Union)

Election of 1860, 12ff Crittenden compromise, 18 Kentucky election, 20 Women, Union speech, enlistment, 22-23 Slavery, 22ff Kentucky neutrality, 29 Third Kentucky Infantry, 41ff Guard duty, 42-43 Dress parade, inspection, 43-44 Training, 45-46 Politicians, Bramlette, 46-48 Measles, 52-53 Flag presentation, 56-57 Camp Dick Robinson, 57 Typhoid fever, 65-66 Mill Springs, 70ff Shiloh, 79-93 Bulletproof vests, 92-93 Corinth, 93ff Whiskey prices, 103 Slaves, camp servants, 105 Perryville, 117-30 Stones’ River, 130ff Horse accident, broken leg, 141 Chickamauga, 144-45 Hospital, 147 Chattanooga, Lookout Mountain, 155ff Foraging, 171-72 , 168ff Rocky Face, 178ff Sharpshooters, 189 Kennesaw Mountain, 196 July 4, 202 Destroy railroad, 217 Election, McClellan, Lincoln, Nashville, 222-23 Alcohol, 223-24 Election of 1864, Soldiers, McClellan badges, 228, 230-31 Lincoln assassination, 243

Blackburn, Theodore W. Letters from the Front: A Union “Preacher” Regiment (74th Ohio) in the Civil War. Dayton, Oh.: Morningside, 1981.

Lincoln and boy, 3-4 Picket, 13 Carnifex Ferry, 11ff Enlistment, 19ff Slavery, 22 Clothing, 25-26 Granville Moody, 29ff Chaplain, 41 Camp Chase, 41ff *soldiers wives, 53 *Soldier morality, 61 Shirkers, faking illness, 66 Black religion, 70 Diarrhea, 74 Mutiny, 71-81 Foraging, 82 Officer resignations, 91 Stones River, 98ff Death, burial, 109 Christian Commission, Bible, 114, 133 Soldier life, satire, 118-19 Tullahoma, 119ff Chickamauga, 137ff Box, 159 Food, 164-65 Atlanta campaign, 172ff Resaca, 175ff Pickett’s Mill, 181ff Accidental shooting, 190 Letters, 207 July 4, alcohol, 207 Jonesboro, 221ff Food, 236 Goldwaite, Richard and Ellen Goldwaite, eds. A Handful of Providence: The Civil War Letters of Lt. Richard Goldwaite, New York Volunteers, and Ellen Goldwaite. Edited by Marti Skipper and Jane Taylor. Jefferson, N.C.: McFarland, 2004.

Enlistment, departure, 18 Big Bethel, 18 Dream, 27, 51-52 Bull Run, 38 Picture, 43, 45 Prayer, 46 Death, funeral, 53-54 Hampton Roads, 66ff Fort McHenry, 68ff Officers, furlough, 70 Trent affair, 71-72 Women, patriotism, 75 Religion, 41 Church, copperhead, 75 Dream, 75-76, 8-81 Worries about husband, 77-78 Army of the Potomac, weather, 81-82 Religion, 82 Soldier pay, 83 Resignation, 88 Coast guard, 93ff Fortress Monroe, 93ff Letters, 102ff Peninsula campaign, 105ff July 4, 1862, 132 Seven Days, 132 Dreams, 135, 151 Furlough, 139, 144 Conscription, 143 Murders, officer, 145 *Hardening, 149 Prayer and contentment, 163 Clothes, purchases at home, 164-65 Pregnant, 169, 187 Generals, 170 Marriage, money, 173 Fredericksburg, 175 Soldier pay, 184 Plans to leave army, 185-86 Soldier life, 190 Emancipation Proclamation, 192 Resignation, 192-93 Johansson, M. Jane. Widows by the Thousand: The Civil War Letters of Theophilus and Harriet Perry, 1862-1864. Fayetteville: University of Arkansas Press, 2000.

Theophilus reports on home life, 3 Washing, 4 Soldiers and prostitutes, 4 Sleeping, 6 Advice to wife, 7 Daughter's antics, 9-10 Stonewall Jackson has little feeling for his men, 12-13 Harriet lonely and sad, 14-15 Lewisville, Arkansas, poor whites, 17 Dirt and cleanliness in camp, 17 State of country, religious devotion, 18 Condition of regiment, appointments, affairs in Arkansas, 22-25 Family matters, food, 26 Letters, 27 Daughter's illness, 27-28 Conscription law, 30 Controversies about ranks among the officers, 32-33 Scarcity of paper, 34 Teething feverish daughter, 38-39 Lonely, sad, fears dying alone, 41 "War makes its widows by the thousand" quote, 45 Whiskey and daughter's health, 47-48 Emancipation Proclamation, fear, 50 Daughter's illness, 50-51, 70 War's course, morale, 58-59 *Democracy, despotism, 59 Christmas, 75 *Slaves running away from Federals, 83-84 Letters, unappreciated by husband, 85 Breastfeeding, ill, child, food, 85-86 Wintering nears springs, many pretty girls, 91-92 Farm prices, 95 Tableaux for soldiers, 100 Slave camp servant, 105 Food prices, 106 Theophilus and love for his family, 109 Confederate money, land and slaves sales, 110 Length of war, little hope for peace, 112 Harriet reports on the two children, 116 Secession and food supply, 119-20 Theophilus expects a long war, 122 Women and Confederate troops, 132 Slave camp servant cooking, 133-34 Puck, Susan T., ed. Sacrifice at Vicksburg: Letters from the Front. Shippensburg, Pa.: Burd Street Press, 1997.

Food, 6 Learning to be a soldier, 8 War and Emancipation Proclamation, 17 Slaves, 23 Being a soldier, 25 Chaplain sermon, 26, 29 Slavery, Unionists, 27 No peace terms, 30 Lexington, Henry Clay, 31 Funeral, 35 Sanitary Commission, 36 Amputation, 42 Slaves, 47 Slave, race, 49 Food, 51 Leaky tent, 52-53 Sutler, 53 Fight for blacks, slavery, 53 Illness, duty, 57 Religious revivals, 57-58 Drunken officers, spree, 61 Assault on Vicksburg, 63 Grant and Sherman, 72-73 Deserters, 76 McClellan, Lincoln, election of 1864, 76 *War and slavery, 78 Marriage, 94-95 Jokes, 99 Wound, mental health, 104

Parsons, Emily Elizabeth. Memoir of Emily Elizabeth Parsons. Boston: Little, Brown, 1880. Hospital letters, Fort Schuyler Hospital, New York, Lawson Hospital St. Louis

In charge of a ward, like being head of family, 18 Duties, 18-19 Surgeon, 20 Whiskey, 21 Caring for wounded men, 22-23 God and hospital work, 25-26 Treating soldiers who had recently been operated upon, 28-29 Food, 29 Reamputation of arm, 31 Snow comes into war, 31-32 Stove, living conditions, cold, 32-33 Surgeon, 37 Patients coming in from Washington, 39-40 Cold weather and health, 40-41 Lower class man shot in quarrel with a captain, 41-42 Lawson Hospital St. Louis, pp. 48ff Surgeon, 49 Death of soldiers, 50 Soldiers like to have a woman in the ward, 51 Great affection for soldiers, 52 Freed slaves, 55 Vicksburg, 55ff Soldiers and women, 62-63 Benton Barracks Hospital, 72ff Duties, 75-76 Dying, dead soldier, 77 Supervising nurses, 81 Dying soldier, religion, 81-82 Advantages of young nurses, 83-84 Soldier marries a nurse, 84-85 Religious meeting in hospital, 85-86 Supervising nurses, 86-87, 98 Soldiers, heroism, religion, 95 Prayer meeting, 99-100 Nurse and cleaner wards, 101 Duties, 106-7 July 4, 113-14 General Garnett’s former wife, 119 Dying man, 128-29 Former slaves, grateful, women, 133 Copperheads, slaves, black people, 138-39 Young black boys, quite religious, 144-45 Refugees, black soldiers, 146 Ritchie, Donald F. Four Years in the First New York Light Artillery: The Papers of David F. Ritchie. Edited by Norman L. Ritchie. Hamilton, N.Y.: Edmonston Publishing, 1997.

Enlistment and Enthusiasm, 1 Food, 1-2 Quartermaster department, 5 Washington, 7ff July 4, 8 Enlistment period disputed, 11-12 Review of troops, Seward, Lincoln, McClellan, 12-13 Duty, 18-19 Sutler, soldier pay, 19, 21 Winter quarters, huts, 19 McClellan, 22 Boxes, food, 22-23 Christmas and New Year’s 23 Officers party, women, 23-24 Lincoln, Mary Todd Lincoln, 24 Congress, bath, 24-25 Horace Greeley, 25 Roscoe Conkling, McClellan, Fremont, 28-29 Court martial, deserters, 29-30 Newspapers, newsboys, 31 Roscoe Conkling, Mrs. Conkling, 31 Washington’s birthday in Washington, 32 Slavery, emancipation, Lincoln, 32-33 Peninsula campaign, 34ff Desolation of Virginia countryside, 38 Monitor and Merrimac, 38-39 Yorktown, Williamsburg, 41ff Sharpshooters, balloon, 42 Torpedoes, cowardly weapon, 44 Hooker and Kearny, 46 Food, foraging, 46-47 Disease, 50 Guerrillas, 50 Bottom’s Bridge, 50ff Naglee, 52-55, 61 Fair Oakes, Seven Pines, 56ff Casey’s division and McClellan, 57-64 Seven Days, 66-70 Threats of mutiny in Casey’s division, 67 Rumors of Beauregard’s army to fight, 71 McClellan fought on defensive, 72 Dead soldier, funeral sermon, 73 Conscription, 73 Trimble, Richard M. Brothers ‘Til Death: The Civil War Letters of William, Thomas, and Maggie Jones, 1861-1865. Macon, Ga.: Mercer University Press, 2000.

Soldier pay, 4 Hilton Head, 9ff Fort Pulaski, 16ff Captured Confederate ship, 17 Secesh cattle, 19 Soldier death, 22, 29-31 Slavery and McClellan, 44 Optimism about the war, 25 July 4, 28 Gunboats firing on women and children, 32 Soldier death, 33 Confederate prisoners, 38 Burnside, Fredericksburg, 41 Soldier race, 42 Soldier life, 46 Wounded, hospital, 58-59 Soldier death, 65 Olustee, 72 Overland campaign, 78 Hospital, 82ff Conscription 87 Point Lookout, 87ff Petersburg, 88ff Soldier death, sharpshooter, 92 One armed and one legged men playing ball, 93 Trenches, shooting, 94 Artillery duel, 95 Conscription, death, need to bring war to end, Lincoln, 96-97 Enlistment in navy, 101ff Petersburg, under fire, shelling, 104-5 Brother in heaven, 108-9 Peace, turmoil in Georgia, 112 Sheridan and Early in the Valley, 112-13 Election of 1864, 112-13 McClellan and Lincoln, 117 Christmas, food, 121 Rumors of peace commissioners, 121 Deserters, 128 Wilmington, prisoners, 128-29 Good course of the war, 129-30 War nearly over, Lee, 135 Petersburg, Fort Stedman, 135-36 Fall of Petersburg and Richmond, 137 Puterbaugh, John. March and Countermarch: Letters from a Union Soldiers, May 14, 1861-- April 3, 1862. Edited by Ruth H. Kilbourn. Grants Pass, Oreg.: R. H. Kilbourn, 1995.

Co. K, 15th Illinois

Circus and soldiers, 2 Enlistment, term of service, 4 Officer election, 6 Drunken soldier, guard house, 8, 10, 23 Shooting accident, 10, 17 Deserter, 12 July 4, 13 Uniforms, 15 Religious meeting, 21 Beer, Germans, drunk, 21-22 Food, water, 26 Secessionists, rebels, 27 Food, hardtack, 27-28 Soldier pay, 28 Jefferson Barracks, 31 Swearing, 31-32, 35 Civilian shoots at soldiers stealing his grapes and is to be executed, 34 Battle of Wilson’s Creek, 36 Fremont’s army in Missouri, 49 Jefferson City, Missouri, 49-50 Grant, Halleck, Missouri, march and countermarch, 60 Whiskey, 61 Missouri guerrillas, 68-69 Christmas, food, 71 Disease, winter, 74 Soldier from Price’s army, 77 Wants out of Missouri, little prospect of fight, an unhealthy place, cowardly Unionists, 82 Heavy death toll from disease, fever, 84 Cold weather, stoves, 87 Jennison, guerrillas, 88 Snowball fight, 89 John Pope, 90 Mud, 92 Small pox vaccination, 95 Anxious to fight to put down the rebellion but kept in Missouri in idleness, 96 Criticism of Grant, 98 Pillaging, foraging, Pope’s orders, 99 Whiskey, 101 Fort Donelson, 104- Dead bodies, burial, 106-7 Troops being transported on Tennessee River, 112 Williams, Nannie Haskins. The Diary of Nannie Haskins Williams: A Southern Woman’s Story of Rebellion and Reconstruction, 1863-1890. Edited by Minoa D. Uffelman, Ellen Kanervo, Phyllis Smith, and Eleanor Williams. Knoxville: University of Tennessee Press, 2014.

Clarksville, Tennessee

Excitement of war, enlistment of Clarksville troops, 1 Fort Donelson, reaction, 1-3 Yankees in Clarksville, 3 Reading Yankee letters in northern newspapers, they want peace, not fighting for slaves, 5 Washington’s Birthday, 5-6 Baseball, 6 Mourning for brother but danced, death, 8 Fort Donelson, 9 Yankees bring in Confederate prisoners, 11-12 Death and war, 12 Family and war, 13 Yankee stealing horses, 18 Parties in wartime, 18 Wounded Confederate, lionized and cared for by women, 18-19 May Day queen, 21-22 Length of war, 22 Friendship, 22-24 Yankee gunboats, 24 Chancellorsville, Hooker, 25 Death of Stonewall Jackson, 25-26 Death of Earl Van Dorn, 25 Rosecrans, oath, 26 Chancellorsville dead and wounded, 26 Vicksburg, 27 Vallandigham, 27 Oath, arrest, 28 Morgan, Forest, Jayhawkers, 29 Gettysburg campaign, 32- Robert E. Lee, 33 July 4, 33 John Hunt Morgan, 34-35 Fall of Vicksburg, 34-35, 40 Yankee and soldiers and women, 36-37 Women and Yankee soldier, courtship, 39-40 Paroled, wounded Confederate prisoner, 43 Brother at Johnson’s Island, 44 Women socializing with Yankees, 44 Child and Union flag, 47-48 Chickamauga, 48 African American soldiers, 55 Kellogg, Frederic Henry. From Your Affectionate Son: The Civil War Letters of Frederic Henry Kellogg. Edited by Kathi Mac Iver. Cripple Creek, Col.: Columbine Press, 1996.

Co. D, 15th Illinois

Weight, 10, 26 Poor camp, 12 Thief, 14 July 4, 16 Chaplain, religious service, 18 Drunken fighting, 20 Drowning on Missouri River, 22 Food, 26 Singing slaves, 26 Wilson’s Creek, 30, 32 Soldier pay, 52 Picket firing, 60 Shiloh, 62, 64, 68 Halleck and Corinth, 74 Shell explosion, 92 Foraging, killed a hog, 102 Kennesaw Mountain, 114-17, 122 Lincoln and Sherman, 120 Atlanta campaign, 114ff Bushwhackers, guerrillas, 128 Kilpatrick raid, 132-37 Election of 1864, McClellan a traitor, 138 Soldier pay, 140 Christmas dinner, Confederate, Morgan’s men, woman guerrilla, 150 Clothes, 150 Stolen honey, 154 Foraging, 156

Robinson, Myron W. Letters of Journal of a Civil War Surgeon. Edited by Stewart J. Petrie. Raleigh, N.C.: Pentland Press, 1998.

Medical school, 4-5 Amputation, 19 Antietam, 24 Peace rumors, 27 Savannah, Fort Pulaski, 30-33 Jacksonville, Fernandina campaign, 37ff Fort Wagner, 47-51 Clara Barton, 52-55 Fort Wagner, medical history, 92ff Morale, tired of war, 106 Furlough, 108ff Black soldiers, clashes with white troops, 108-9 Petersburg, 108ff July 4, Overland campaign a failure, 120 Petersburg Crater, 123ff Death of friend, 125-26 Slave servant, 125-26 Deep Run, 134ff Election of 1864 in camp, 137 Fort Fisher, 139-46 Lee surrender, 157

Milroy, Robert Huston. Papers of Robert Huston Milroy. Edited by Margaret Paulus. N.p.: n.d., 1965.

Vol. 1

Complains about old fogy generals and politicians, 1 Much gloom, expects European recognition of rebels, 1 Western Virginia, 1ff Arrest of civilians, 9 Measles, 12 Drunken soldier, 13, 19-20 Soldier pay 19 Advice on education, 22 Fremont, 23 Colfax and Fremont, 25 Confederates disguised in Union uniforms attempt to capture Milroy, 36-37 Valley campaign, 38ff Shenandoah Valley, 44 Fremont, 47, 54 German soldiers, cowardice and plunders, 49-50 Carl Schurz, 50 July 4, 53-54 Sigel, 54-55 No one to harvest crops here, 55 Requires civilians to furnish his troops with corn, they are hot secesh, fear German soldiers, 57 Disparages delays and West Point generals, 60 Slaves coming into camp, black women washing, camp servants, 60 Getting Virginia regiment to treat slaves better because they respect Milroy, 60-61 Oath, 63 Thieving German troops, citizen plead for guards, 64-65 Cedar Mountain, 66-72 Pope, 73-74 Second Bull Run campaign, 73-121 Rails against West Point officers, McDowell, Pope, Lincoln, 123-24 Confederate salt shortage, 127 Halleck, 130-31 Western Virginia, 130ff Duty, Union, 134-35 Copperhead Democrats, 135 Confederate fear him, guerrillas, 136 Lincoln should remove Halleck, 140 Swearing, 141 Slavery and abolition, 145 Guerrillas, 145-46 No protection for property of people not taking the oath, 146-47 Illnesses of children, 150-51 Jackson, Oscar L. The Colonel’s Diary; Journals Kept before and During the Civil by the Late Colonel Oscar L. Jackson. [Sharon? Pa.: n.p., 1922].

63rd Ohio

Recruiting, enlistment, 40 Election of officers, 42 New Madrid and Island No. 10 campaigns, 43ff Mule teams, 44 Water in tent, 45 Dead bodies, groans of the wounded, 47 Under fire in trenches, 48 Arkansas, bitter rebel slaveholders, 53-54 Slaves, camp servant, 53-54 , 54ff Sight of the dead, 58 Halleck caution and Corinth, 60 Battles of Iuka and Corinth, 61ff July 4, 61 Rosecrans, 63 Dead on the battlefield, 64-65 Men preparing for battle, 71 Death by bayonet unusual, 74-75 Under fire, sharpshooters, 78 False rumor that Jackson had been killed, 80-81 Former slave camp servant, 81 Killed and wounded, close calls, 82-83 Account of Lt. Labruzan of 42nd Alabama in battle of Corinth, 85-93 Siege of Vicksburg, 94-97 Atlanta campaign, 98ff Memphis, 98-100 Reenlistment, 104-5 Cold train ride in Tennessee and Kentucky, 105-6 Furloughs, 106-8 Night attack on Decatur, Alabama, 109ff Atlanta, 113ff Food, 115 Resaca, 116-18 Marching, 121 Dalton, 124-27 Kennesaw Mountain, 129-39 Fraternization, 133 Christian Commission and Sanitary Commission, 139 Death of James Birdseye McPherson, 140 Siege of Atlanta, 143- Destroy railroad line, 147, 153 Jamison, Matthew H. Recollections of Pioneer and Army Life. Kansas City: Hudson Press, 1911.

Atlanta campaign, 230ff Chaplains, singing, religious services, 230 Missionary Ridge, 231-32 Tunnel Hill, 232 Sherman, Howard, 233 Rocky Face, 233 Michigan soldier burial, head board inscription, 234 Many mortally wounded by sharpshooter, 235-36 Troops claimed they saw woman shooting at them, 240 Band plays “When This Cruel War Is Over, 241-42 Tobacco scarce, 244 Kennesaw Mountain, 247-48 Deserter, spy?, cross to rebel works in safety, 249 Burial of dead, 249 July 4, music and food, 251 Dead soldier, 252 Sutler, alcohol, 253-54 Death of General McPherson, 255-56 Soldiers killed and wounded, 262 General Morgan, John Tillison, 264 Sherman, 272 Drill, 276 March to the Sea, 279ff Sherman, 282-3 Foraging, 289-90 Savannah, 291ff Christmas, 292 Alcohol, drunk at HQ, 292 Sherman, 294 Burned plantation, 299 Confederate materiel strewn along the road, 301 Sherman, 306 Columbia, South Carolina, 308-11 Enters in North Carolina, 316 Lincoln assassination, 327 , 329

Day, D. L. My Diary of Rambles with the 25th Mass. Volunteer Infantry. [Milford, Mass.: King and Billings, 1884].

Enlistment, Union, 5 Women, flag presentation, 7 Selecting a chaplain, 7-8 Women working for soldier, 8 Leave Worcester, New York, 8-9 Philadelphia, 9-10 Baltimore, 10 Slaves, Maryland, 11-12 Annapolis, 12-13 Thanksgiving, 13 Courts martial, 14 Army supplies, food, 15 Christmas, 15-16 Woman and literate soldiers, 16 Sutler, 16 Colonel Upton, 17-18 Burnside expedition, 18ff Magruder, 19-20 Wrecked steamer, 21 Terrible storm, 21-23 Hatteras Island and Inlet, 23-24 Theatricals, 24 Food, 25 Sick horses, 27-28 Religious services, chaplain, 28 Sutler, 30 Food, 31 Not anxious for a battle, 32 Battle of Roanoke Island, 34-36 Reflections on battle, 36 Battlefield and losses, 37 Prisoners, weapons, 37-38 Confederate prisoners and slaves, 39 Newbern, 41- Plunder and foraging, 46 Newbern described, 48 Long talk with a southerner, 49-51 Slaves, 51 Arrested for not having a pass, 53-54 Poor white trash, 54 Snuff dipping, women, 54 Fort Macon, 55 Plantations, 56-57 McDowell, Charles. Ever True: A Union Private and His Wife, Civil War Letters of Private Charles McDowell New York Ninth Heavy Artillery. Edited by Lisa Saunders. Westminster, Md.: Heritage Books, 2005.

Patriotism, 2 Slave women, 12 Lincoln, 21, 27 Burnside, 24, 29 Christmas, 28, 30-31 Fredericksburg casualties, 35 Laundresses, 39 Pay and disorder, 43-44 Don’t reenlist, 45 Draft and morale, 46-47 Religion, 54 Horrible war, 80 Ransacking houses, 89 July 4, 92 1864 election, 106 End of war, 125, 129 Poor burial, 129 Furlough, 133 Confederate desertions, 139 End of war, 146 Appomattox, 146-47, 151 Lincoln assignation, 150

Jaques, John W. Three Years’ Campaign of the Ninth, N.Y.S.M., during the Southern Rebellion. New York: Hilton and , 1865.

Enrollment of regiment, 10-11 Baltimore, 13 Washington, 13ff Maryland slaves, 16-17 Sutlers, 19 Bathing, guerrillas, 21 July 4, 24-25 Sharpsburg, flag, 25-26 Charlestown, John Brown, 31-32 Secesh women, 32 Selling food in camp, 42 Lincoln, Fasting, humiliation and prayer, 45 Ball Bluff, Colonel Baker, 48 Meal interrupted, table used for amputation, 49 Flag presentation, 53 Accidental shooting, 54 Sutler, 58 Death of soldier, coffin, 58 Christmas, 60 Death, funeral service, 61 Hamlin, Rosecrans, 62 Death of Lt. Col. At Home, Ball’s Bluff, 63 Valley campaign, 71ff Death in regiment, 86 Warrenton, Virginia, 87 Music, 89 Cedar Mountain, 91-93 Music, band, 94 Second Bull Run, 98-103 Sutler, 104 Antietam campaign, 106-15 Maryland civilians and Union soldiers, 108 Fredericksburg, 126- Hospitals, wounded, ambulances, 130-31 Winter quarters, 131 Food, 132 Chancellorsville campaign, 137-41 Unhealthy camp, 142-43 Food, 143 Water, 151 Mud, crossing Potomac, 152-53 Gettysburg, 154ff John Reynolds, 156 Bowen, Roland E. From Ball’s Bluff to Gettysburg . . . And Beyond: The Civil War Letters of Private Roland E. Bowen, 15th Massachusetts Infantry, 1861-1864. Edited by Gregory A. Coco. Gettysburg, Pa.: Thomas Publications, 1994. Food, 14 Death in camp, 17-18 Ball’s Bluff, 31ff McClellan, Lowe, balloon, 60 Harpers Ferry, 68ff *McClellan, 73 Pontoons, 75 Swearing, 85 *McClellan, 91, 95 Fraternization, 101 Sevens Days loss, 104 Seven Days, 104-110 *McClellan, 115, 115-16 *Lincoln, 116 Conscription, 116-17 Antietam, 121-36 Dead, remains, 128-29 Box from home, 139 Elections, Pope, McClellan, 140. *Conditions of war and South, 141 *Fredericksburg, McClellan back, 142 Confederates stripping the dead, 142 Black Confederate pickets, 150 Fredericksburg, Lacy House, Phillips House, 152-53, 158-59 Hooker, 155 *Government lying and finances, 170 Belle Isle, Prisoner, 173ff Also more Gettysburg material—a good deal Wickman, Don. “We Are Coming Father Abra’am”: The History of the Ninth Vermont Volunteers Infantry. Lynchburg, Va.: Shroeder Publications, 2005. Bounties, 31 Women, 115 Chaplain, 188 Lice, 190 Sutlers and food, 216 Property destruction, 224 Food, 242 Disease, 243 Fleas, 262 Bounties, 267 Funeral, 320, Fraternization, 389-90 Hardin, Elizabeth Pendleton. The Private War of Lizzie Hardin: A Kentucky Confederate Girl’s Diary of the Civil War in Kentucky, Virginia, Tennessee, Alabama, and Georgia. Edited by G. Glenn Clift. Frankfort: Kentucky Historical Society, 1963.

Bell, Unionist, 1- *DespizedYankees from an early age, 3 Secession of South Carolina, 3-4 Secession and partisanship in border states, 4-5 Fort Sumter, 7 Virginia secession, 9-10 Yankees to destroy southerners, 12 Abingdon women sewing for soldiers, 17- *Alabama soldier promises her a pet Yankee, 19 Unionist secessionist rivalries in raising troops, 20 Sending off soldiers, 20-22 Sad women, feared becoming old maids, 21 Stay at home men, 22 Mother and son parting, off to war, 24 Manassas, 25-28 Blockade, coffee, 28 Soldier relief societies, knitting, 28 Bridge burning in East Tennessee, 30 Confidence, 32 Donelson, leaving Nashville, 32-43 Yankee prisoners, 38 Women, Yankees, John Hunt Morgan, 38-39 Yankee depredations in Nashville, General Nelson, 40-41 Discovered friend who had joined the Yankee army, 41 *Wished for death of Yankees, 42 Black book as Confederate, 46 Asked if a southern woman would marry a Yankee, 47 Confederate prisoners, Fort Donelson, 48 Contacts with Yankee women, 50 John Hunt Morgan, 50 Discussion with Union soldiers about politics and the war, 51-54 *Hatred of Yankees, 53 Louisville, 54-55 Harrodsburg, 57ff Unionist Home Guards, 59-64 Religious services, Unionist preaching, 64 Cut off from Confederate newspapers, but heartened by rumors, 67 Slave political loyalties, 68-69 Political prisoners in Nashville, 69 Yankee newspaper reports about rebel atrocities, 72-73 Yankee proclamation against hurrahing for Jefferson Davis, 74 John Hunt Morgan, 75-91 Fredericksburg 2013 volume—articles and documents

Diary of Mary G. Caldwell, pt. 2

Rumor of Washington in Confederate hands, expects Grant to soon be back, 35-36 Johnston and Sherman, 36 July 4, 36 Paper, 37 Soldier, flirt, 37-38 Letter from Fort Delaware, 39 Reports of Early victory in Maryland, 39 Johnston, Atlanta, 40 Northern peace meeting, 41 Honor and chivalry, 41-42 Petersburg mine, 43-44 John Hunt Morgan, 45-46 Woman tempted to volunteer, men who will not cannot be true southerners, 46-47 Lee and Early, 47 Jefferson Davis at Macon, 48 Fort Delaware, prisoner, 48-49 Lee, men confident, many deaths, Grant, 49 Congress, Davis and slave soldier, 50-51 Barksdale’s Brigade, 54 School teaching, 55 Confederates and slave soldiers, 55-56 Habeas Corpus, 56 South Carolina, secession, tariff, 56-57 Christmas food, 58 Desperation, England, France, 58 Henry S. Foote, newspaper hurt out cause, 60 Hood, Johnston, little progress for Confederacy, 61 Blair, Hampton Roads, Lincoln, 61 Death of mother, 62-63 Lee surrender, desertions, 64 Surrender, France, subjugation, 65 Lincoln assassination, Booth, 67-68 Lee, overwhelming numbers, Lost Cause, 68

Fredericksburg common council minutes, 97-137

Diary of Corporal Casper W. Early, 133rd Pennsylvania

Antietam battlefield, slaughter, 141, 143 Chaplain, prayer meetings, 146 McClellan removal, 148 Kingman, Eugne. Tramping Out the Vintage, 1861-1864: The Civil War Diaries and Letters of Eugene Kingman. Edited by Helene C. Phelan. Almond, N.Y.: Helene C. Phelan, 1983.

Vice, 7 Guard duty, clothing, 11 Religion, 11 Soldier pay, 14 Butler, 19-21 Soldier pay, 25 Guard house, 33 Police guard, 34 Ship Island, 47ff , 59ff, 73ff Bible, 76 Mumford hanging, 79ff Disease, 83 July 4, 92 Water, diarrhea, self confidence, command, 93-94 Catholic service, 100-1 Soldiers firing on slave *Hardening, 105-6 Chaplain, 111 Diarrhea, opium, 113 Food prices, 117 Tracts. Gambling, 127 Butler, Banks, 130 Losing patriotism, recognize Confederacy, 140 Baton Rouge, 146 Conscription, 149 Port Hudson, 153ff Slaves, thieves, 158-59 Foraging, 172 Volunteers, storming Port Hudson, 194-98 Conscription, Copperheads, 202 Office, USCT 216 Alcohol, 218, 226-27 Unionist, 232 Brother should not enlist, little patriotism left, 242 Mardi Gras, 247-48 Michael Hahn inauguration, 253 Yankees in business, 264 Returning fugitive slaves, 282 Banks, Lincoln, slaves, voting, 282 Petersburg, 291ff Washington, 298 Winchester, Sheridan, 307. Twichell, Joseph Hopkins. The Civil War Letters of Joseph Hopkins Twichell. Edited by Peter Messent and Steve Courtney. Athens, Ga.: University of Georgia Press, 2006.

Duty, chaplain, 17-18, et passim Chaplain, 20ff Bibles, 22 Sickles, 23 Preaching, 23-24 Alcohol, 26 Tracts, 28 Sabbath, 30 Deaf servant, 36-37 Rumors, 37-38 Guard house, 39-40 July 4, 41 Catholic soldiers, 42 Washington, 45-46 Slaves, 48 Rumors, 48 Marching, 51 Soldier pay, 53 Slave servant, 53, 58, 76 Medical treatment, surgeon, 54-55 Solider and religion, 56-57 Soldier deaths, 61 Hospital patients, 60ff Soldier pay, chaplain, 66-67, 74 Dying soldier, 68 Temperance, alcohol, 69-81 Swearing, 70 Funeral, Joseph O’Hagan, 73, 95 Shell, exploding, 76 Foraging,76 Soldier execution, 78 *view of the war, 83 Officers, 84, 86-87, 91-92 Picket shooting, fraternization, 85 Thanksgiving, 87 Soldier conversion, revival, 88 Teaching literacy, 92-93 Catholicism, 95 Shooting, death, religion, 97-98 Beecher, 101 Fugitive slaves, 102-5 Peninsula campaign, 107 Soldier death, 108 Stearns, Amos E. The Civil War Diary of Amos E. Stearns, a Prisoner at Andersonville. Edited by Leon Basile. Rutherford, N.J.: Fairleigh Dickinson University Press, 1981.

Chaplain, sermon, 21 Cooking, 24 Thanksgiving, 24 Drilling, 28 Woman, deserters, 36 Libby Prison, 59ff Food, 61, 65 Andersonville,63ff Parole rumor, 64 et passim Prisoner shot by guards, 67, 72 July 4, 69 Deaths, 72 Rebel sermon, 73 Government and prisoners, 77 Leaving Andersonville, 79-80 Charleston, 85ff Drunken Confederates, 87 Confederates and food, 80 Election of 1864, prisoners, 93 Thanksgiving, 95 Christmas 101 Lice, 103 Haven, Silas W. "A Punishment on the Nation": An Soldier Endures the Civil War. Edited by Brian Craig Miller. Kent, Oh.: Kent State University Press, 2012.

*War as judgment, slavery, 10 Providence and duty, 14-15 Clothes, 16 Routine, mess, 17 Bounty, furlough, 21 Family and duty, 22-23 Presents, pictures, 23 Indians, 24ff Hostile Confederates, 30 Memphis, 30 Confederate prisoners, 32 Vicksburg, 32ff Christmas, 34 Duty, providence, 37 Food, 37 Copperheads in army, 43 War and providence, 45-46 Churches, 46 Food, 48 Shooting accident, 50 Corinth, food, 56 Slave, woman, 59 Shooting rats, 59 War as punishment for sin, 60-61 Chancellorsville, morale, 61 Food, 62 Rosecrans, morale, 63 Unionists, slavery, 64 Guarding railroad, 66-67 Clothes, 68 Spending, 69-70 Sewing society, clothes, food, 71-72 Shooting accident, 73 Prayer meeting, chaplain, 77 Women and tobacco, 78-79 Slaves, 79 Morale, Union victories, 82 Conscription, copperheads, 84-85 Insects and vermin, 95 Copperheads, guerrillas, Quantrill, 96 Unionists in Arkansas, 100 Food, 101 Election, copperheads in army, 102 Peel, William H. Far from Home: The Diary of William H. Peel, 1863-1865. Edited by Ellen Sheffield Wilds. Bloomington, Ind.: AuthorHouse, 2009.

Gettysburg campaign, 34ff Secession, women in Maryland, 35 Foraging, 35-36, 44-45 Women, Confederate, stealing, food, 47 Longstreet, 58 Pickett's charge, 59 Captured, 67ff Irish, motives for fighting Marsena Patrick, rumored death of Longstreet, 72-73 Johnson's Island prison, 100ff Sutler, stamps, 103 Oath, 105 Copperhead newspaper, 106 Brothers of the Southern Cross, 106ff Hospital, 108-9 Women, visiting prisoners, 109-10 Washington's Birthday, 111-12 Prayer meeting, revival, 115 Pray for meeting, 122-24 Sherman, 122-23, 126 Frederick Douglass, 123 Tracts, testaments, 123 Yankee chaplain, sermon, 124 Sutler, 125, 175 Exchange, 128 Rumors of French recognition, 128 Escape attempt, 131 Boxes, 136 Copperheads, 137 April Fool's, 144 Sutler, 149, 233-34 Frostbite, 150 European recognition, 150-51 Fasting, humiliation, and prayer, 152 Copperheads, newspapers, 153 Fort Pillow, 156 Baseball, 158 Lincoln, Fort Pillow, retaliation, 158-59 Prisoner exchange, letter, 160 Copperheads, , 162 Overland Campaign, 173ff Shelling at Charleston, 184 Escape, ladders, 187 Wilkie, Franc B. Missouri in 1861: The Civil War Letters from France B. Wilke, Newspaper Correspondent. Edited by Michael E. Banasik. Iowa City, Iowa: Camp Pope Bookshop, 2001.

Governor Kirkwood, 7 Departure, women, 7 Morale, 9 Quarters, 10 Swearing in soldiers, 11-12 Duty, women, 12-13 Officer election, 13, 21 Mothers and soldier behavior, 14 Sabbath, 16-17 Slavery sermon, 17 Arms and uniforms, 20-21 Confederate depredations, 22 Davenport, Iowa, 7-24 Officer election, 28-32 Uniforms, 31 Inspection, 32-33 Women, 36, 38 Hospitals, 36, 56-57 Ellsworth, 39 Soldier and women, 41-42 Samuel Pomeroy, Missouri, 43-44 Loneliness, 45-46 Women, 46 Cows and pigs, 47-48 Bible, 48 Routine, 50-52 Guard duty, 51-52 Music, 53 Alcohol, 55 Stealing bread, 62 Unionists and slaves, 64-65 Confederate women, 66 Women flag, 68 Oath, 70 Alcohol, scouts, 70-71 Slaves, emancipation, 77 Chaplain, 82 Women, 82 Uniforms, 85 Booneville, 83-90 Food, pork, 92-93 Shooting accident, 94-5 Discipline, punishment, 98 McIntryre, Benjamin F. Federals on the Frontier The Diary of Benjamin F. McIntyre, 1862- 1864. Edited by Nannie M. Tilley. Austin: University of Texas Press, 1963. Marching, 7 Benton Barracks, St. Louis, 8 Springfield, Missouri, 18, 22 Guarding prisoners, 21 Wilson's Creek, 25, 51-52 Indian soldiers, 30 Missouri Militia, 31-32 Foraging, 36 Chaplain, 38, 77 Diarrhea, 40 Sabbath, 41 Pea Ridge, 41-42 General Totten, 45-46 Burnside, McClellan, 57 Foraging, 47-48 Thanksgiving, 53 Knapsacks, 55 Prairie Grove, 57-71 Casualties, death, 60-64, 69 Unionist woman, 72 Confederate woman finds dead brother and husband, 72-74 General Hindman battle order, 77-78 Foraging, women, 79 Christmas, 80 Van Buren, Arkansas, 84-86 Women, 86 Slave woman, 86 Fayetteville, Arkansas, 90-92 Trade with civilians, 100-1 Washing, 106 Guerrilla killed, 107-8 Soldier pay, 109, 111 Confederate deserters, 115 Unionist, 119 Women, 121 Women and children, 125 Samuel R. Curtis, 125-26 Alcohol, 136 Deserters, 138 Confederate women, 138-39 Beer, 146, 152, 154 Food, 148 Sutler, alcohol, 149 Death of soldier, 149-50 Hubbs, G. Ward, ed. Voices from Company D: Diaries by the Greensboro Guards, Fifth Alabama Regiment, Army of Northern Virginia. Athens: University of Georgia Press, 2003.

Women and departure of troops, 3-4 Pensacola, 5- Food and prices, 5 Accidental shooting of little boy by a soldier, 5 Fort Pickens poem, 6 Soldiers and people of Richmond, 6-7 Drilling, 7 Yankees not anxious to fight, 9 Slave camp servants, 10 July 4, 11 Johnston and Patterson, 11 Food, mess, eating, 12 Whiskey, 14 Soldier pay, 15 Song lyrics, 16-17 Skirmishing at Fairfax Courthouse, 19-20 First Bull Run, Manassas campaign, 19-23 Dead and wounded on battlefield, prisoners, 23-24 Poor quality of soldiers, 24 Drill, 25 Desertion, 26 Shoes, 26 Men arrested for being AWOL, 27-28 Handcuffs, 29-30 English and French recognition, 32 Rodes drilling men too much, 34 Vallandigham, 34 Gambling, 36 Card playing on the Sabbath, 39-40 Richard Ewell, 42 Balloon, Lowe, 43 Beef, illness, 43 Thieves in regiment, 43-44 Death of comrade and friend in camp, 52-53 Religious service, sermon in camp, 54 Slave attempt at poisoning mistress in Eutaw, 55 Hog killing, 55-56 Whiskey, 60-61, 67, 71, 72 Election of officers, 61 Rats, 67 Cooking, 67 McClellan and Ball's Bluff, 68 Ill soldiers and passes, 69-70 Blackford, Susan Leigh, compiler. Memoirs of Life In and Out of the Army in Virginia during the War Between the States. 2 vols. Lynchburg, Va.: J. P. Bell, 1894. Vol. 1 Sending of the troops, 17, 20-22 Short war, 20 Horses, 22 Alcohol and food, 26-27 Religion, fast days, 28 Slaves, 28-29 Home, loneliness, 32-33 Rumors, Lincoln, 37 *July 4, 43 Liberty, 68 Salt prices, 94 Wealthy in army, 38 Leonidas Polk, 38 Unionists, women, 41 Scalping, 41 Lincoln message, 43-44 Laudanum, 45 Sleeping under slave blankets, 46 Women, camp followers, 50 Manassas, Bull Run, 51ff Women, 52 Thoughts before battle, 53 Dead Federal, 57 Orlando Wilcox, 58 Shanks Evans, 58 Beauregard, 65 Women concert, 66 *Union motives, 68 Picket shooting, 72-73 Poor whites, 73 Jefferson Davis, 75, 147 Coffee *Ball's Bluff, McClellan, 82, 83-84 Trent affair, 90-91, 92-93, 94, 102-3 Salt prices, protest meeting, 94 D. H. Hill, 96-97, 111 Slave, body, servant, 98 *McClellan, 104 *Union shattered, 108 Longstreet, 111 Death of child, 122, 127, 129 Bishop Meade, 129 Refugees, 130 Chambers, Henry A. Diary of Captain Henry A. Chambers. Edited by T. H. Pearce. Wendell, N.C.: Broadfoot's Bookmark, 1983.

Intellectual ambition, Davidson College, enlistment, 3 Cabins vs. tents, 5 Sabbath, men shamming illness in hospitals, 5 Drunken soldier arrested, 6 Irish women smuggling alcohol into camp, 7 Reading, 7 Edward A. Pollard, 8-9 Mud, 9, 11 Alcohol, Sabbath, 10 Alcohol, Bristoe station, 11 Reenlistment, 12-13 Henry and Donelson, morale, 15 Washington's birthday, inauguration of Jefferson Davis, 15-16 Confederate withdrawal from Manassas, 18-20 Stragglers, 21 Quarters in a house, 21 Drunken brawl, 22 Episcopal church service, sermon, 25 Shooting a dog, sharply criticized by a woman, 27 Diarrhea, 28 Birthday thoughts, 31 Richmond theater, 32 Seven Days, 38ff July 4, 41-42 Death of a captain, 47 Railroad journey, troop movements, 51-53 Jefferson Davis message, 54 Working passport office, 53ff Second Manassas, 56-57 Rumor of McClellan's death, 57 Jefferson Davis traveling toward the army, 57 Rumor that Kirby Smith has taken Cincinnati, 58 Antietam campaign, 59-60 Emancipation Proclamation, 61 Church, sermon, 63 Corinth, Rosecrans, Price, Van Dorn, 63 Robert E. Lee described, 66 Shoes, barefooted soldiers, cold, 68 Arrival of Yankee prisoners in Richmond, 72 Free black cook, 73 Fredericksburg , 74-76 Appeals for Fredericksburg refugees and sufferers, 77 Christmas, 78 Christie, Thomas and William. Brother of Mine: Civil War Letters of Thomas and William Christie. Edited by Hampton Smith. Minneapolis: Minnesota Historical Society Press, 2011.

Enlistment, 25 *Slavery, rebellion, 25-26 *Motivation, 26 Benton Barracks, St. Louis, 28-30 *American soldiers, 30 David Hunter, 31 Whiskey, 32, 48 Desertion, pay, 35-36 Fort Henry, 37 Shiloh, 39-47, 50 Food, water, 40 Corinth, 45ff Combat, 48 McClellan, slavery, 51 Surgeons, 51, 56 Slavery, 52 Death, funeral, 53-54 Restrained soldiers, 54 Slave dogs, 58 Pay, gambling, 58-59 Fremont, 59 July 4, 60-61 Artillery, 60-61 Rebel women, 64 *Southern education, war, 68 Foraging, 70 Army marching, 74 Iuka, 73ff Army of the Potomac, 80-81, 85 Plundering, 82 Uncertain plans, 84-85 *Duty, liberty, 89 Good habits, 92 Pay, clothing, 94 Alcohol, 96, 101 Generals, slow, sympathize with traitors, 98 Morality, conversion, 102 Cooking, food, 104 Singing, 105-7 Prayer meeting, 109 Evening in camp, 109 Tent, 110-11 Morale, 113 Fain, Eliza Rhea Anderson. Sanctified Trial: The Diary of a Confederate Woman in East Tennessee. Edited by John N. Fain. Knoxville: University of Tennessee Press, 2004.

South Carolina, secession, Sabbath, 4 Northern fanaticism, election, Lincoln cabinet, 5 Washington's birthday, 5 Inauguration of Lincoln, 5-6 Fort Sumter, religion, war and peace, 6-8 Hatred and malice, 9 Treatment of slaves, 9 Christian against Christian, abolitionists and slaves, 9-10 Black religious meetings, 10 Women north and south, 11 Northern Christians, 12 American Revolution, republic, 12-13 Northerners and slavery, 13 Anguish and unionists, 13-14 Comet, 20 Manassas victory and troubled about state of the country, 21-23 Sin, punishments, avoid revenge, 23 Fasting, humiliation, and prayer, 23-24 Sabbath, 24 Bridge burning, 29 Northern and southern sins, divine punishment, 31 Sabbath, Christmas, 34 Providence and enemies, 34 Death of Zollicoffer, 35 Lincoln the tyrant, 36 Religious training of slaves, 37-38 Northern victory, slaves, 38 Unionists and divided South, 39 Fort Donelson, 39 Shiloh, 40 Seven Days battles, 42 Soldiers in church, 42 Alcohol, 43-44 Corinth, Price, Van Dorn, religion, 45-46 Perryville, 46-47 Van Dorn, Pemberton, Price, 46-47 National destiny, God, light to world, 47 Northern fanaticism, 48 Confederate is right, injured party, 48 Son and alcohol, 49 Duel, 53-54 Stones River, Murfreesboro, 62 Jefferson Davis, message, providence, European recognition, 63-64 Burge, Dolly Lunt. The Diary of Dolly Lunt Burge, 1848-1879. Edited by Christine Jacobson Carter. Athens: University of Georgia Press, 1997.

Election of 1860, 111 National day of fasting, humiliation, and prayer, 112 First Manassas, 121 Review of 1861, 122 Jefferson Davis inauguration, 124 Conscription, 128 July 4, 1862, 130 Antietam, 132 Christmas, 140 New Year, prices, 142 Hiding household items from the Yankees, 147 No church, preacher's horse stolen by the Yankees, 148 Yankees stealing mules, 148-49 Stoneman, Wheeler's cavalry, 149-50 Fall of Atlanta, 152 Prices, 157 Coming of Yankees, slaves, 159-66 Hiding food in the house, 163-64 Christmas, 166 Lee surrender, end of war, foolish expectations at beginning of war, evacuation of Richmond, assassination of Lincoln, 171-72

Solomon, Clara. The Civil War Diary of Clara Solomon: Growing Up in New Orleans, 1861- 1862. Edited by Elliott Ashkenazi. Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 1995.

Much information on schools and teaching

Departure of soldiers, 17-23 Irish servant, 41-42 Gas lighting, 45-46 Divorce, 48 Charity picnic for destitute soldier families, 52 July 4, 55 Rumored slave revolt, 57 Confederate flag, 61 Length of war, Confederate weakness, 77 First Manassas, 81, 84-86 Arrival of Yankee prisoners in New Orleans, 159-60 Food, 174 Singing Bonnie Blue Flag, 195 Letter from father, Louis Wigfall, 253 Fasting, humiliation, and prayer, 259 Mansfield Lovell, 285 Teaching, 287 Martial law, 290 Marriage, wedding, 300 Beauregard's call for bells to be melted down, 304 Confederate evacuation of Manassas, 316 Victory at Shiloh, Beauregard, 321-22 Death of Albert Sidney Johnston, procession, 325 Fort Sumter anniversary, 326 Measles, 332 Bakers, flour, prices, 334 Pack supplies for wounded soldiers, 335-36 Arrival of Yankees in New Orleans, 343-351 Newspaper and Yankee occupation, 349-50, 381, 392 Secession flags, 352 Farragut, 352 Confederate flags, 354 Officers, enlisted men, flags, children, 356-57 Confederate money, 367 Butler's woman order, women and Yankees, 369-70 Prices, 374 Women, defiance, Butler order, 374 Jefferson Davis wrong man for the job, Soule, 383 Slaves running away, 384 Children shout for Davis and Beauregard at passing Yankee officers, 388 Hanging of Munford, 401 Buck, Lucy Rebecca. Shadows on My Heart: The Civil War Diary of Lucy Rebecca Buck of Virginia. Edited by Elizabeth R. Baer. Athens: University of Georgia Press, 1997.

Christmas, 3-6 Maryland, My Maryland, 5 Impact of the war on country and domestic life, 9-11 Soldiers and some social snobbishness, 12 Mason and Slidell, 13 Soldier graves, 16 Women and education, 17-18 Beauregard, brothers go off to war, 19-20 Yankee victories in western theater, Tennessee River, Fort Donelson, 26-28 Fasting, humiliation, and prayer, 30-31 Anniversary of Lincoln's inauguration, despotism, 32 Confederate forces retreating, Yankees advancing, will have to hold their tongues, 32 Hiding documents from Yankees, 34 Yankees come and threatening to arrest men, she cries, 36 Sermon on David and Goliath, 39 Yankees come into town, 42-43 Turner Ashby, 44-45 Shiloh, 47 Maryland rebel guests, sang Maryland, My Maryland, 47-48 Giving a Confederate soldiers a meal, 48 Remembers departure of troops, 55 Drunken Yankee soldiers arrive, 55-56 Giving milk to a Yankee, 58 Yankees come into the house, 59-60 Oath, 60 Martial law, father and Yankee sentinel, 61 Mulatto in uniform, 61-62 Yankees take up fences, take room in house, 69 Yankee rumors, Turner Ashby, 73 Yankee and abolitionists, 75 Slaves, ministers, and abolition, 75 Their boys in army and home occupied by Yankees, 76 Small pox, 79 Front Royal battle, 81-85 Louisiana Tiger, 85-87 Yankees return, occupation of house, firing, discussions with women, 91-98 Corinth and Beauregard, 100 Military rumors, 100 Yankees seeking dinner, 101 Stonewall Jackson and battle of Front Royal, 103 Death of Turner Ashby, 103-6, 117 Cooking for Yankees, 105 Heated verbal exchange with Yankees, 106, 108-9 Stone, Kate. Brokenburn: The Journal of Kate Stone, 1861-1868. Edited by John Q. Anderson. Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 1972.

Brother anxious to fight and fears war being over before he can fight, 13 News is all war, 14 Subscribes to various northern publications and worries about Lincoln stopping mail, 14 Overseer wife, 15 Anxiety about boys who have gone off, harder to be at home, 17 Meat prices will be high, 18 Debate over secession, 19 Women and inaction, 24 Fasting, humiliation, and prayer, 24-25 Runaway slaves, insurrection rumors, 28 House slaves lazy and disobedient, 33, 35 July 4, 36 Lincoln message to Congress, 39 Sewing for the soldiers, 39 Humane master, preaching to slaves, 41 Manassas victory, 44 Benefit concert for soldiers, 52 Slaves stealing, 53 War, politicians, carry war to Washington, 56-57 Jefferson Davis, presidential election, 66 Teacher failure, 73 Christmas, 77 Year of war, God, good rulers, 79 Leonidas Polk, appeal for slaves to work on fortifications, 83 Death of Zollicoffer, 85 Clothes, paper money, 86 Overseers, rich man's war, 95 Foreigner who feels he should join the army but does not want to go, 96 Losses in Tennessee and burning of cotton, 100-101 Conscription, 103 Benjamin F. Butler, New Orleans, 105, 111 Food, shortages of many things once considered necessities, 109 Clothes, 109-10 Appearance of Yankee gunboats, 122-23 Yankees taking off slaves who go willingly, 126-28 July 4, 127 Poor food, 129 McClellan losses, Seven Days, 131-32 Slaves returning from the Yankees, other running away, 134-35 Exchanged prisoners arrive, 143 Cake, flour price, 145 Lincoln, Emancipation Proclamation, 145-46 Maryland and Antietam campaign, 146 Paschal, Asa Newton and Samuel Thomas Paschal. From Beardstown to Andersonville: The Civil War Letters of Asa Newton Paschal and Samuel Thomas Paschal. Edited by Joseph Edward Fulton. Bowie, Md.: Heritage Books, 1998. Asa Paschal, Oak Ridge, Miss. To ? September 15, 1863 “I was talking with a secesh girls the other night and I ast her what she thought of Copperheads up north and she said that she thought that they all deserved hanging. She considered them cowards and traitors. She said that she though more of the Union souldiers than she did of them for they come out and show what they are but the Copperheads are at home a doing no good either for the north or south. She says that the rebel souldiers calls them the crones of the army and it would be better if they were killed off for sutch cowards as them ought not to be let live in or disgrace this continent by their cowardly conduct. She says in the south should gain their independence they could never put any dependence in the Copperheads for a people acting as they are will never do to trust.”

Dolton, George Edwin. The Path of Patriotism: Civil War Letters of George Edwin Dalton. Edited by Theodore A. Dolton. [Palo Alto, California:] Theodore A. Dolton, 2003.

Burial of dead, 34 Foraging, men take anything they want, 38 *Conscription, length of war, 42-43 Unfit officers, 43 Food, 44 Religion, universalists, 44-45 Christ and hell, 45 Van Dorn death, 46 Religion in regiment, 47 Battery, target shooting, 47-48 Length of war, slavery, 49 *Rebels and hatred, 51 Soldiers and vice, 54 Spies executed, 58 Soldier, women, prostitutes, 59 Patriotism, death, 61 Vicksburg, Bragg, 62 Digging graves, 63 Joke, 64 Prostitutes, 64 Northern Alabama, hungry women, 67 Dreams of wife’s unfaithfulness, 68 Religion, 69 Chattanooga, 70ff Food, 73, 77 Lookout Mountain, Missionary Ridge, 80ff Society, men in company, prostitutes, 81-82 Deserters, 92, 95 Deserter execution, 93-94 Food, 94 Men drummed out of service, 94 Lincoln proclamation, 96 Gambling, 97 Knoxville, 103ff Foraging, meat, 104 Women selling food, prostitution, 112, 116 Atlanta campaign, 123ff Wicked springs, 126 *ignorant, poor women, Yankees, 132 Love, 133 Under Confederate fire, 136 Lincoln and Andrew Johnson, 139 Wife’s virtue, 139-40 Slaves building Confederate works, 141-42 Drunken officers, 144-45 Adams, Lois Bryan. Letter from Washington, 1863-1865. Edited by Evelyn Leasher. Detroit: Wayne State University Press, 1999.

Bustling Washington streets, 34 Food, prices, 34 Proslavery unionism, 37-38 *War, brings people to Washington, 41-42 Capitol, 42-45 Smithsonian, 45-46 Agriculture department, 55-77 White House, 77-80 Washington society, 91-92 Supreme Court, 93-95 Andrew Johnson, 95-96 Waitman Wiley and slavery, 96-97 Copperhead McClellan, 98 Reverdy Johnson, 102-103 Thirteenth Amendment, 102-7 Expulsion of Representative Long, 108-20 Fernando Wood and Robert Schenck, 110-20 Released Union prisoners, 128-30 Women, Washington, dress reform, 134-41 Union league, speeches, 141 Music, Lincoln, Grant, 146 Wounded, hospital, 147-69 July 4, Washington, 169-71 Jubal Early attack on Washington, 174-77 Carpenter, Emancipation Proclamation painting, 179-81 Michigan soldiers, 186-88 Soldiers, copperheads, McClellan, 193-94 Merchant disloyalty, 204 Hospitals, soldiers, Christian Commisison, 210-17 Clerks, salaries, women, 217-20 New Year's White House, 223-28 *Capitol, black minister, 232-34 Streetcars, segregation, 234-36 Freedmen's Bureau, refugees, slaveholders, 238-39 Lincoln second inauguration, 242-44 White House, 250-51 Richmond, Petersburg, 251-53 Lee surrender, 253-56 Lincoln Assassination, 256-50 Reinhart, Joseph R., ed. A German Hurrah: Civil War Letters of Friedrich Bertsch and Wilhelm Stängel, 9th Ohio Infantry. Kent, Oh.: Kent State University Press, 2010.

Officers, elections, 23-25 West Virginia Unionists and Rebels, 34 Food, 34 Pay, officers, 34-35 Food, beer, 37 West Virginia campaign, 31ff July 4, 47 Alcohol, 47, 51 Provost marshal, foraging, Germans, nativism, 52 Rich Mountain, 49-58 Murder of union soldiers, 64 Food, short rations, 72 Chaplain, 78-79, 81 Educated soldiers, 84 Beer, 88 West Virginia poor, 92 Bacon, 94 Carnifax Ferry, 111-29 Unholy war, 120 Churches and war, 120 Whiskey, 129 Rosecrans and McClellan, 141 English officers and German regiments, 142 Fremont removal, 176 Sales and speculation, 189 Alcohol, beer, 192 Food, 192 Patriotism, military life, nativism, 193-94 Buell, Oliver P. Morton, 94 Nativist officers, 195 Buell, 196 Christmas, 196 Chaplain, 199 Mill Springs, 200-18 Nativism, 202 Coffee, 235 Nashville, 234ff Shiloh, 245ff Halleck and McClellan, 257-58 Corinth, 254ff Southerners, slavery, Yankees, 267 Alabama, north, 275-77 General McCook murdered, 278-86 Edmondson, Belle. A Lost Heroine of the Confederacy: The Diaries and Letters of Belle Edmondson. Edited by William and Loretta Galbraith. Jackson: University Press of Mississippi, 1990.

New Orleans, women, deceptive men, 2 Teaching, 7 Fall of Vicksburg, religion, 19 Vicksburg, 32-53 Yankee deserters, 35 Bring good out of Memphis into Confederacy, 40-41 Joseph Johnston, 48 Sending documents through the lines, 54ff Yankees destroyed household goods, 62 Yankees, Fort Pickering, Memphis, 68-69 Reign of terror in Memphis, 70 Serving the Confederacy, 82 Using slaves to bring in contraband, 83 Confederate shirkers, 83 Southern man kills several blacks who had ordered him to surrender, 85 Smuggling mail through from Memphis, 86-87 In Memphis trying to find out about Yankee troop movements, 100 Memphis, smuggling letters through the lines, 104, 108 Yankees came, forced to feed their horses, 112-13 Detectives looking for her, fears banishment, 117 Dick Davis, guerrillas, 121 Forrest and black soldiers, 123-24 Refugees, 136-50 July 4, fall of Vicksburg, 153-54 Mobile defenses, 169 Soldier dying after amputation, 176 Letters for General Breckinridge, 191 Slaves rebellious, one had to be whipped, 192-93 Memphis, Union soldiers, boarders, 198-

Cumming, Kate. Kate: The Journal of a Confederate Nurse. Edited by Richard Barksdale Harwell. Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 1959.

Father looking for dead son, 9 Shiloh, 11-12 Women in hospitals, surgeon's prejudices, 12-13 Corinth, 14- Horrible sight of wounded from Shiloh, 14-15 Slaveholder leaves for war and told slaves they were free to go or stay, 17 Union prisoner for Union but against Lincoln and emancipation, 17-18 Hatred of enemy wounded vanishes, 18 Noisy women volunteers, Sisters of Charity, quieter, 19-20 Washing face of man who turned out to be dead, 20 Sermons preached in Mobile on fast day, 21 Degraded Federals with hell or Corinth written on their hats, 23 Widow looking a new husband in hospital, 26 Amputation and horrors of hospital, 26 Pleased to meet Sterling Price, 27-28 Feeding patients with jaw injuries, 28 Fall of New Orleans, 29 Reading to soldier in hospital, 31 Discussion with a soldier about to have an amputation, 32 Forced Union, 33-34 General Hindman, 34 Boxcar placed on siding with wounded men, 36 Wounded federals, 45 John Hunt Morgan, 41-42 Women, tobacco and snuff, 49 Men and railroad seats, 51-52 Seven Days campaign, Lee, McClellan, 54 Women of Mobile, hospitals, patriotism, 54-55 Chattanooga, hospital, 62-64 Question of respectability, women as hospital nurses, 65-66 Wine for patients, hospital funds, 69 Close for exchanged prisoners, treatment of prisoners, 71 Men cooks, do not do well, 72 Episcopal church, excellent sermon by chaplain, 73 Death of patients, religion, 74 Intoxicated woman cook, 74 Proper food for the sick, 75 William J. Hardee, 76-77 Mobile, food, inflation, extortion, 79 Adequate food, blockade would not starve us, 79 Women work in hospitals, satirized, 80 Lydia Johnston, Joseph Johnston's wife, 81 Christmas, 81 Chadick, Mary Jane. Incidents of the War: The Civil War Journal of Mary Jane Chadick. Edited by Nancy M. Rohr. Huntsville, Ala.: SilverThreads Publishing, 2005.

Ormsby Mitchel, occupation of Huntsville, 30 Food, removal of Confederate wounded, 31 Yankees searching homes for weapons, guard, 34-35 Confederate prisoners at depot, 35 Emancipation, slavery, Yankee soldiers, 35 Federals arrest of secessionists, 36-37 Ormsby Mitchel, cutting of telegraph whites, tearing up railroad track, 37-38 Citizens still under arrest, hostages, 41 Prisoners, oath, shame, 45 Ormsby Mitchel and seizure of horses, 45 Letters through the lines, 48 Wounded federals, small pox, 50 Women and Union soldiers, 51 Ormsby Mitchel Turchin, wives seeking housing, 51 Armed blacks drilling near depot, 55 Funeral processions for dead Union soldiers, 55 Northern soldiers and slaves, 58 Two women arrested for attaching Confederate flags to their skirts, 59 Oath, 62 July 4, 67 Rumor of Richmond's fall, 68-69 Lovell Rousseau, 74, 76 Arrest of Dr. Ross, war sermon, 76 General Rousseau and Reverend Ross, 81 Yankees bathing and plunder, 81-82 Whitesburg burned, women and children homeless, 83 Yankees using slaves to build fortifications, 85 Yankees threaten to burn town, 85 Women and soldiers, claims to have seen a black colonel, 85-86 General Rousseau and another citizen arrested, 87 Yankees employing slaves, rumors of arming slaves, 89 Yankees talked with slaves and misleading them, 93-4 Arrest, oath, guerrilla warfare, 94 Rumors of Yankees evacuation, order cancelled, 96-97 Yankees serenaded a couple women, 100 Yankees leaving Huntsville, 101 Refugees, 108 Yankees return to Huntsville, 109ff Yankees stealing slave men, 110 Yankee raid, 112 Yankee soldiers and women, Chadick and the soldiers, 112-15 Oath, 115 Yankee soldiers come to house looking for her husband, 118-120 Habersham, Josephine Clay. Ebb Tide: As Seen Through the Diary of Josephine Clay Habersham. Edited by Spencer Bidwell King. Macon, Ga.: Mercer University Press, 1987.

Reading, fishing, 23 Gettysburg campaign, 24- Teach Yankees a lesson with warfare on their soil, 25 Marriage and deaths of children, 26-27 Visit from four young men, crabbing in sailboat, 31 July 4, 34-35 Meals for soldiers, 35 Gettysburg campaign, 36-42 Fall of Vicksburg, 38-42 Charleston, 43 Pemberton and Vicksburg, 51 Confederate losses in July 1863, 57 Robert E. Lee and Jackson, 64 Yankee bombardment of Charleston, Sumter, 68 Church service, good sermon, about prisoners of hope, 69 Chickamauga, 85-86 Food prices, Savannah, 94 Condition of Bragg's army uncertain, 97-99 Loss of Vicksburg, 99

Holmes, Emma. Diary of Miss Emma Holmes, 1861-1866. Edited by John F. Marszalek. Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 1979.

Secession of South Carolina, revolution, 1-6 Winfield Scott, 6-7 Confederate postal law, 9 Fort Sumter, truth justice and religion, 10 Lincoln inaugural, 11 Election of officers in Palmetto guards, 12 Confederate flag, 13 North Carolinians refused to call a convention, 15 Prospects of war, marriage, engagements, 16 Confederate constitution, 21 Star of the West, 21 Ball, Citadel cadets, 22 Rumors about Sumter, Gustavus Fox, Ward Hill Lamon, 22-23 Edmund Ruffin, 24 Fort Sumter, Anderson, Davis, 25-30 Lincoln Proclamation, coercion, North Carolina, 30-31 Thinks war will fought on the border, Maryland, 35 Riots in Baltimore, 35-36 Confederacy, states, flag, 37 Rumors of army and judicial resignations, 38 Fort Sumter, Yankee accounts, 39 Robert Anderson as hypocrite hero, 40-41 Blockade, martial law, Lincoln, 42, 45 Inflation and food prices, 42-43 Yankee religion, lies, 47-48 Tariff, 48 Ellsworth, Jackson, 51 Winfield Scott, 52 Alexandria, Virginia, 51-52 P. G. T. Beauregard, 54 William J. Grayson, 55 James L. Petigru, 55-56 Lincoln the despot, 56 Northern economic weakness, 56 Charleston social life, 56 Fasting, humiliation, and prayer, sermon, 56 William Howard Russell, 58-59 Fort Sumter, artillery, 60-61 Leonidas Polk, 61 July 4, 62 Slave accused to forcing pins down the throat of a white baby, 63 Bull Run, Manassas, 65-72 Northern regiments badly mangled, 67 Mahon, Michael G., ed. Winchester Divided: The Civil War Diaries of Julia Chase and Laura Lee. Mechanicsburg, Pa.: Stackpole Books, 2002.

July 4, length of war, 2 Confederate militia draft, 2, 4, 8-9 Sabbath and war, 2 Pass, 3 Manassas, battle, casualties, 4-5 Sermon, politics in pulpit, 7 Ball's Bluff, bad military management generally, 10-11 Arrest of unionist man, 12 Preaching of Stiles, politics, 13 Food, bacon, salt prices, 14 Prices, inflation, 17 Unionists arrested, 21 Union troops coming into Winchester, 22-23 Union soldiers come looking for Confederate flag, 23-24 Doing own housework, 28 Confederate women and Jackson, 29 Man arrested by Union soldiers for refusing to prescribe to them, 30 Stonewall Jackson and prisoners, 31 Confederate women and Yankees, 31-32 New Orleans, 32-33 Shortages of food and wood, Winchester, 33 Most slaves have left, 33 Norfolk, Merrimack, 34 Brutal Maine regiment in town, 34-35 Yankee orders on women wearing bonnets, 35 Nathaniel Banks, 36 Impending arrival of Stonewall Jackson, 37 Yankees scaring the slaves with tales about Jackson, 37 Union troops near, Unionists evacuating, 42 Much theft in Winchester, especially by women, 43 Yankees in town behaving outrageously, 43 Federals searching for Confederate flag in house, 44-45 Guard at house, 45 Jackson threatened retaliation for destruction of property in Winchester, 46 Yankee chaplain, abolitionist, 46 Seven Days, 47-48 Defeats in Kentucky, Unionists discouraged, call for troops, 49 Letters and spies, 51 Lincoln call for volunteers, McClellan offensive, 51 Lincoln and extermination, 52 Yankees fire shells over Winchester, 52 Yankees rob gardens, 52 Guerrillas on railroad, 52 Walters, Kenneth. Norfolk Blues: The Civil War Diary of the Norfolk Light Artillery Blues. Edited by Kenneth Wiley. Shippensburg, Pa.: Burd Street Press, 1997.

Religion, hypocrisy, 21-22 Shell explosion accident killed two, 28 Seven Pines battlefield, soldier writing, 35 Fredericksburg, 42-50 Christmas, 50 Mud march, 53-54 Lincoln, dictator, arbitrary arrests, 56-57 Chancellorsville campaign, 59-64 Death of Stonewall Jackson, 65-66 Gettysburg campaign, 72-80, 90-91 Destruction of Thaddeus Stevens ironworks, 74 Food shortage in army, prices, 82-83 Council of War, Winchester, Lee and Davis, 82-83 Feet, straggling, 85 New Market, 86-87 Desertions to the Yankees, 93 Marching, women, 94-96 Mine Run, 101-2 Furloughs and passports, 105 Overland campaign, 113- , 113-14 Spotsylvania Courthouse, 114-18 Cold Harbor, 122 Petersburg, 125ff July 4, Grant and Lee, 130-31 Yankee band music and rival cheering, 131 Lee, A. P. Hill, Heth, Mahone, near his gun, 134 Desertion, 134 Food, 135-37 Petersburg Crater, 137-39 Black troops, 138 Burning of Chambersburg, Pa., 141 Mobile, 142 1864 Democratic nominations, 149 Food, eating weeds, 151 Trading prisoner for a hat, 153 McClellan, Lincoln, war, 155 Picket shooting, 155-56 Early, Sheridan, Fisher's Hill, 157-58 Gloomy thoughts about Petersburg, 158-59 Sharpshooters, truce, 161 Deserter, execution, 161-62 Disorganization and weakness of Confederate armies, 167 Mallory, James. "Fear God and Walk Humbly": The Agricultural Journal of James Mallory, 1843-1877. Edited by Grady McWhiney, Warner O. Moore, Jr., and Robert F. Pace. Tuscaloosa: University of Alabama Press, 1997.

Political excitement about slavery, 269 Slavery and July 4, 272 Fear of slave insurrections, vigilance committees, 274-75 South Carolina secession, Union in peril, 279 Nature of sectional crisis and the South, Alabama convention, 281 Failure of compromise, secession, coercion, 282 Confederate convention in Montgomery, secret sessions, 282-83 Lincoln inauguration, 283 Confederate congress, compromise, fear of civil war, 284 Fort Sumter, 285 Baltimore riots, 285 Troops gathering for war, 285 Son join army, 287 Abundant food, luxury, Yankees, effects of war, 288 July 4, Yankee congress, 288-89 Death and health of slaves, 289 Bull Run, Manassas, 289 Yankees cruel, disorder, 291 Yankees and martial law, 292 Christmas, 296 Yankees want to destroy us, Mason and Slidell, 296-97 Fishing Creek, Logan's Crossroads, Mill Springs, Zollicoffer, Crittenden, 299 England, France, blockade, 300 Shiloh, 303 New Orleans, 304 Ministers gone to war, religion, little preaching, 305 Religious attendance, preaching, war, 308 Religion, slaves, 310 Second Bull Run, Manassas, 310 Antietam, 311-12 Perryville campaign, 312-13 Religious meeting, 313 Shoes, blankets, clothing, food prices, armies, 313 Burnside and Fredericksburg campaign, 314 Food prices, 314-15 Christmas, 315 Chancellorsville, 320-21 Vicksburg, 322-23 J. L. M. Curry, speech, state of the country, confidence, peace party, 323 Gettysburg, 323 Elections, peace party, 325 Thomas H. Watts, speech, 327 Riley, Franklin Lafayette. Grandfather's Journal: Company B, Sixteenth Mississippi Infantry Volunteers, Harris' Brigade, Mahone's Division, Hill's Corps, A.N.V., May 27, 1861-July 15, 1865. Dayton, Oh.: Morningside, 1988.

Enlistment and need for men back home, 9 Corinth, town and people, 9-10 Bad water, 10 Camp routine, 10 Uniforms and equipment, 10-11 Religious service, soldiers, 11 Tent and furnishings, 11-12 Camp regulations, 12-13 Election of officers, 13-14 Arms for soldiers, 14 Sundays in camp, 15 Rules on profanity and disrespect, 15-16 Diarrhea, measles, 16 Washing clothes, laundresses, 17 Diarrhea, 18, 26, 27 Inspection of troops, 21 Hardee, picket duties, 21 July 4, 22 Measles, 24 Equipping northern regiments, 25 Food, cooking, disease, 26 First Manassas, 30-31 Expects to attack Washington, 32 Clothing, 33 Marching, rocks, feet, 35 Slave cook, joke, 36 Joseph Johnston, 41-42 Taxes and cotton bonds, 42 Hospital, 43 Presidential election, foreign recognition, 48-49 Beauregard and Jefferson Davis, 49 Death of chaplain, 49 Thanksgiving, 49-50 Regimental attrition, 52 Flag presentation, 52-53 Mason and Slidell, 54-55 Wheat's Battalion mutiny, execution of two soldiers, 55 Both sides claim God is on their side, 57 Christmas, 59 Hymn singing, 59 Camp near Manassas and Centreville, 61ff Mud, cracks and winter huts, 62 Ruffin, Edmund. The Diary of Edmund Ruffin. Edited by William K. Scarborough. 3 vols. Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 1972-1989. Vol. 3

Vicksburg, 1-58 Gettysburg campaign, 1-58 Arrest of Vallandigham and northern opinion, 2 Northwestern Confederacy, 2-4 Brandy Station, 9ff Fernando Wood, Lincoln, Democratic party, 13-14 Milliken's Bend, black troops, 14-15 Luther, reformation, Protestants, creeds, priests, reading the Bible, 16-21 Yankee depredations, 22-23 Lee in Pennsylvania and treatment of enemy property, 26-27 Confederates stealing items, 31 Lincoln, George Pugh, Democratic opposition, Vallandigham, 34-35 Slaves running off, captured, sold, 37-38 William C. Rives, 43 Joseph Johnston and Vicksburg, 53 Federal attacks on Charleston, 61ff, 112ff Destruction of crops, slaves, 65-66 Costly and indecisive battles, 66-67 Conscription, 67 Mob rule and democracy in the North, New York draft riot, 70-75, 79-80, 83-84, 122 English debate on recognition of the Confederacy, 75-79 French and Mexico, 85-86, 93-94 Morale, pessimism, 92 Jefferson Davis and retaliation against Yankees, 99-100 Lincoln, Burnside, and Kentucky election, 105-6 Religion, faith vs. works, 106-7 Horatio Seymour, Lincoln, conscription, 113-14 Alabama elections, 117-18 Quantrill and Lawrence, Kansas, 122-23 Quantrill, Davis and retaliation by guerrillas, 126 Morale, desertion, North Carolina, Holden, 128-29 Northern Draft, Horatio Seymour, 134-35 Depreciation of Confederate currency, 135 Foreign recognition, French, Mexico, England, 138-39, 144-47 Price of gold, 139-40 Confederate soldiers as plunderers, robbing market carts, substitutes, conscripts, 140-41 Trip to Charleston, 150-280 Dr. Bachman, 153-54 France, England, Mexico, 173-75 William Porcher Miles, 184-85 Conscription of British subjects, consuls, 185-86 Mormons, 192-94 Fleet, Betsy and John D. P. Fuller, eds. Green Mount: A Virginia Plantation Family during the Civil War: Being the Journal of Benjamin Robert Fleet and Letters of His Family. Lexington: University of Kentucky Press, 1962.

Election of 1860, 38 Secession debate, 40 Secession, 42 Virginia secession convention, 46 Secession and University of Virginia students, 48 , inauguration, 49-50 Unionism, 50 War begins, 51 Virginia secession, 52 Providence and turmoil of war, 53 University education, 54 Possible slave insurrection, 55-56 Democracy, excess of, 56 Dysentery, 62 Preaching for soldiers, 63 July 4, 63-64 Searching for an abolitionist in a church, 64 Militia called out, 66 Manassas battle, 68 Visiting sick soldiers, 73 Impressment of slaves, fortifications, 74, 76, 80 Advice to soldier son on pious examples, 76 John Bankhead Magruder, 80-81, 92, 97 Deserter, 82-83 Jefferson Davis, Magruder, Beauregard, 84 Salt prices, 86 Militia, applications for exemptions, 89 Father called to militia duty but is drinking, 90 Christmas, 93-94 Reenlistment, 102, 104, 106 Volunteering, conscription, 103 Dentists, 105 Confederate defeats, morale, 106, 108-9 Inauguration of Jefferson Davis, 107-8 Militia enrollment, 109 Virginia constitution, election, 111 Distilleries, drunkenness, 112 Yorktown, 116-24 Experience of battle, 121 Religious service, 123 Food, 126 Measles, 130 Rumley, James. The Southern Mind under Union Rule: The Diary of James Rumley, Beaufort, North Carolina, 1862-1865. Edited by Judkin Browning. Gainesville: University Press of Florida, 2009. Federal fleet, New Bern, 29-30 Yankee occupation of Beaufort, 31ff Oath, 31-32 Union seizure of property and slaves, 32-34 Bombard and capture of Beaufort harbor, 34-35 Petitioning Burnside on disorder and slaves, 35-36 Military despotism, 36 Runaway slaves, Burnside, 36-37 Edward Stanly and slaves, 37-38 Union occupation of buildings, 38 Slaves and Union soldiers, 38-40 Burnside and free speech 41-42 Army gangs of blacks in naval uniforms, 42 Occupation as if by foreign power, 42-43 Unionist traitors protected by Federal troops, volunteering, 44-45 Unionists will be cursed once war is over, 45 Thieving Yankee troops, 46-47 Oath, 49 Slaves stealing animals, 49 Town filled with runaway slaves, 50 Emancipation Proclamation, 51, 54 Election under military occupation, 51-52 Suspension of civil courts, 52 Military rule and courts, 52-53 Sudden vs. gradual emancipation, 53-55 Yankee ships at Beaufort, 55-56 Union officers, 56-57 Slave unsure if Yankees can protect them, 58 Memories of injustice, emancipation, and military rule, 58-59 Yankees and slaves, 59-60 Death of teachers coming to instruct blacks is welcome, 62-63 Oath, 63-65, 71-78 Loyalty of people to states, North Carolina, 65 Henry Stanly, 65 Lincoln fast-day, 66 Fire, Yankee seizure and destruction of property, 67-68 Yankee chaplain speech to troops, 69 Black troops, 71, 73-74,78-79 Morale, God and Confederate cause, 74 Expelling citizens who do not take oath, 74-78 Spies, surveillance, conversation, 79-80 Vicksburg, 80-81 Black troops, war, slavery, emancipation, Lincoln fast day, 84-85 Richards, Sam. Sam Richards's Civil War Diary: A Chronicle of the Atlanta Home Front. Edited by Wendy Hamand Venet. Athens: University of Georgia Press, 2009.

Election of Lincoln, fear of disunion, 36-37 Secession, submission, young secessionists, 38-39 South Carolina secession, 40 Religion, church matters, 41 Secession of Georgia, 41-42 Religion, sermon on slavery, 42 War and peace, 45 Fort Sumter, 45-46 War, slavery, abolitionists, 47 Lincoln call for troops, secession of Virginia, 47-48 Northern opinion, war, extermination, 49-50 Soldier concerts, music, 51-52 Sunday school, missionaries, China, 52-53 Soldier spoiling for a battle, 54 Davis, fastening, humiliation and prayer, 54-55 First Bull Run, Manassas, providence, 59-60 Militia muster, 62 Hatred of U.S flag, 65 Unionist brother, 65 Southern ministers driven out of the north, 66 Sequestration law, 66-67, 78-79 New church in Atlanta, choir, 76 Sunday school, 77 Ball's Bluff, 78 Slaves running away, 81 Methodists, Baptists, sermon, 81 Confederate tax, 82 Mason and Slidell, 85-87 Slow sale of Valentines, 91 Burnside and Roanoke Island, 91-92 Fort Donelson, morale, 92 Fasting, humiliation and prayer, 93 Hospitals, dirty soldiers, cruel war, 93-94 Sunday School, 94 Militia, substitute, army service, drunken officers, 95 Governor's fast day, 96 Dentistry, 96 Soldiers, disorder, false accusations, 97-98 Shiloh, Albert Sidney Johnston, 100-1. Conscription, 101-2 New Orleans capture, 102-3 Slave woman, whipping, 109 Fire in Atlanta, 110 Cutrer, Thomas W. and T. Michael Parrish, eds., Brothers in Gray: The Civil War Letters of the Pierson Family. Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 1997.

Duty, ambition, secession, sacrifice, 13-14 Officers, enlisted men, adjustment to soldier life, 15 Near drowning, 17-18 James Lane, Indians, 20-21 Camp Moore, filthy, flies, 22-24 Peace rumors, 28 July 4, 28 Diarrhea, 29 Women and soldiers, 31-32 Rumors, 31 Jefferson Davis, 32 Manassas, 33-34 Louisiana Tigers, 34 Whiskey, 35 Hardships of army, urges brother not to enlist, 38-39 Camp conditions, routine, 39 Wilson's Creek battle, 40-42 Nathaniel Lyon, 40-41 Boots, clothes, 43 Incompetent captain, 44 British recognition of the Confederacy, war over by Christmas, 45-46 Death and disease, 46-49 Women tending ill soldiers, 49-50 Dysentery, 51 Jayhawkers, 52 Box, 54 Health, 55 Music, 62, 65 Hospitals, disease, American Revolution, realities of soldier life, 62 Yankee prisoners, 64 Edmund Kirby Smith, 65-66 Health and disease, 68-69 Religion, 70 Slaves, 70 Christmas, alcohol, 72 Women and soldiers, 73 Food, prices, 76-77 Men, morale, duty, 77 Women at home, sewing, 78-79 Sterling Price, Ben McCulloch, military affairs in Arkansas, Pea Ridge, 81-82 Winter campaigning, 83-84 Election of officers, 84-89 Hired slave to camp, 88 Chase, Salmon P. The Salmon P. Chase Papers. Edited by John Niven. 5 vols. Kent, Oh.: Kent State University Press, 1993-1998.

Vol. 1 Prisoner exchanges, 313-14 McClellan, 314. Union and secession, 315-16 Andrew Johnson and William T. Sherman, Kentucky, 316 Military commissions, 316-17 Port Royal cotton, 316-17 Emancipation in Washington D.C., 317 Trent affair, Mason and Slidell, 318-20 Dinners with finance committee members of House and Senate, 322-23 Bonds, 323 Trent affair, 323-24 Church service—did not take communion, 324 Seward, Cameron, and Russia, Stanotn, 325-326 Bankers, 326-27 Ohio politics, 328 Recommendation on slavery for Lincoln, 329-31 Port Royal, slaves, 331. Port Royal, slaves, marriages, religion, 331-32 Slavery, emancipation, labor, colonization, Pope, 348-50 McClellan, emancipation and colonization, 350-52 Vicksburg, slavery, 352 Colonization, 355 Halleck and Buell, 355 , Indians, treaty, 357 Kentucky, slavery, rebellion, 357-58 Halleck and western theater, 359-60 Lincoln and colonization, 362 Treasury and tax appointments, 363 Lincoln and Pope, 366 Irwin McDowell, 371 Jay Cooke, 373 General Mansfield, Washington defenses, 374 Seward diplomatic correspondence, 377 Lincoln and Seward, 378 Naval affairs, 383-84 Jay Cooke, 384-85 Black citizenship, 387 Cavalry, 388 Weed, Seward, antislavery, 389 General David Hunter and black troops, 391 Emancipation Proclamation, 393-95 , 396-97 French, Benjamin Brown. Witness to the Young Republic: A Yankee's Journal, 1828-1870. Edited by David B. Cole and John J. McDonough. Hanover, N.H.: University Press of New England, 1989.

South Carolina secession, 336-37 Union and need for compromise, 337, 340-41 Buchanan, James, 338-39 Assassination threat to Lincoln, 339, 343 Peace convention, 340-42 Lincoln, 343, 344, 350, 352, 362, 365, 373, 405 Winfield Scott, 343-44 Lincoln inauguration and inaugural address, 348 Let secessionists go, 35 Capital in danger, Baltimore secessionists, 351-52 Galusha Grow, 363 Emerson Etheridge, 363 Bull Run, 365ff Minimizing defeat, Henry Wilson, 367 Battlefield souvenirs, 368 Sunday school for soldiers, religion, 369 Spies, women, arrested, 371, 378, 379-80 Religion, Catholic worship, 371-72 Mary Lincoln, 375 Winfield Scott and George B. McClellan, 379. Mary Lincoln and spending on White House, 382 Army is idle, Owen Lovejoy, 384 Mary Lincoln receptions, 386-87 Edwin Stanton, 387 Forts Henry and Donelson, 388 Death of Willie Lincoln, funeral, 388-90 War news suppressed, 390-91 McClellan, 391-92 Hampton Roads, Monitor and Merrimack, 392 Baseball game, 398 McClellan, wounded officers, grieving parents, 401 War meeting, 405 Hospital, wounded, 412 Monitor, 412-13 McClellan removal, Burnside, 414 Fredericksburg, cabinet crisis, 415 Christmas, 415 Lincoln looking "worn and haggard," 416-17 Lincolns' reception 417-18 Lincoln and Indians, 419 Fasting, humiliation, and prayer, 421 Gettysburg campaign, 423ff Mattocks, Charles. “Unspoiled Heart”: The Journal of Charles Mattocks of the Seventeenth Maine. Edited by Philip N. Racine. Knoxville: University of Tennessee Press, 1994. HC

Chancellorsville, 4ff. Mortally wounded soldier, 27 Woman nurse, 30 New York Herald, 33 Women, Maryland, 43-45 Gettysburg, 47ff Gettysburg wounded, stench, hospital, 53 Stragglers, 57-58 Food, foraging, 60 Court martial, executions, 70-76 Dead comrade, 89 Alcohol, 121 Drilling, 125-26 Meade, 133 Women and Yankee prisoners, 140-41 Prison life, 142ff Prison prices, 144, 165 Officers who prefer prison to combat, 150-51 Killing of a prisoner, 155-57 Prison food, 159 July 4 celebration in prison, 163-64 Prison discipline, 167 Sanitary Commission, 182 Prisoner escape attempt, 192-93 Prisoner exchange, 194-95 Sisters of Charity, Catholics, 203 Prison food, 205 Prisoner exchange and race question, 211-12, 216-17 Confederate slave conscription, 222 Prison escape, 229ff Slaves and escaped Union prisoners, 229ff