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The Known Patriots at the Battle of Kings Mountain October 7, 1780

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The Known Patriots at the Battle of Kings Mountain October 7, 1780 The Known Patriots at the Battle of Kings Mountain October 7, 1780 Image Courtesy of National Park Planner at www.npplan.com © 2015 – J.D. Lewis www.carolana.com Note #1 Most who study the Battle of Kings Mountain are certainly aware that the Patriot leaders made a smart choice in leaving the “infantry” behind, and for only “able horsemen” to ride on. What they intuitively “know” – but seem to fail to thoroughly “embrace” is: Almost all “officers” had good horses. Therefore…. Many Patriot “Captains” had few men, sometimes no men, under their command during the actual battle at Kings Mountain. Most historians refuse to accept that at this important event, there were almost more Patriot officers engaged than militiamen, and that this is significant. Majors led as few as two (2) Captains, and many who had no men, or only one to five. It was rare, but some Captains did have more than ten men. Few had their original companies at full strength. It will soon be shown that the companies averaged only 5 men. 2 Note #2 Although the British seized Charlestown and many officers, and they once again devastated both the SC and NC militia at the Battle of Camden, the Patriots constantly kept rebuilding their militia in both states, and they retained their “semblance of order” by continuing the well-known “regiments” and recognized the leaders of all established militia units. Leaders of these well-established and well-known militia regiments agreed to “work with each other” for the common good of all. Ever since the start of the war, Captains attached themselves to other regiments when it was convenient. This does not mean they were now in this new regiment and no longer part of their original regiment. And, since the beginning of the war, whenever a regiment was mustered in “times of stress,” the entire regiment could not be assembled in time to meet the exigency. So, leaders hastily pulled together what men they could, and proceeded with incomplete regiments. In military parlance, these are called “detachments.” 3 Note #3 We may never know – for certain – the names of each and every Patriot who truly participated in the Battle of Kings Mountain. And, we may never know – for certain – the exact “order of battle,” that is, which officers led specific men at a specific location, at the Battle of Kings Mountain. But… We CAN do better… and we should. 4 Patriots at Kings Mountain Commanding Officer Col. William Campbell (VA) Washington County Regiment Little River District Regiment Burke County Regiment Washington County Regiment of Militia (VA) of Militia (SC) of Militia (NC) of Militia (NC) Col. William Campbell Col. James Williams Maj. Joseph McDowell Lt. Col. John Sevier - Maj. William Edmondson - Lt. Col. Joseph Hayes - Maj. George Wilfong - Lt. Col. John Lewis - 19 Companies - Maj. George Anderson - 21 Companies - Lt. Col. Charles Robertson - Rockbridge Rifles under - Maj. Samuel Hammond - Maj. Isaac Lane Col. William Bowyer Rutherford County Regiment - Maj. Benjamin Sharp - Maj. John Moore of Militia (NC) (Unknown number) - 13 Companies (SC/NC) - Maj. Jonathan Tipton - 3 Companies from Col. Andrew Hampton - Maj. Jesse Walton Wilkes County Regiment Chatham County, NC - 26 Companies of Militia (NC) - 1 Company from - Maj. James Gray Guilford County, NC - Maj. James Porter Sullivan County Regiment Col. Benjamin Cleveland - 1 Company from - Maj. Robert Porter of Militia (NC) - Lt. Col. William Shepherd Granville County, NC - 14 Companies Col. Isaac Shelby - 1 Company from - Major Joseph Harden Rowan County Regiment - 20 Companies Lower District, SC of Militia (NC) - Maj. Evan Shelby, Jr. - 15 Companies 2nd Spartan Regiment Surry County Regiment of Militia (SC) Lt. Col. Matthew Brandon of Militia (NC) Turkey Creek Regiment Col. Thomas Brandon - Lt. Col. John Hampton of Militia (SC) Maj. Joseph Winston - 7 Companies Col. Edward Lacey - Lt. Col. James Steen - 6 Companies from - Maj. Micajah Lewis - Maj. John Moore Mecklenburg County, NC - Lt. Col. John Nixon - Maj. Edward Lovell - Maj. Thomas Young These regiments all worked - Maj. John Adair - 14 Companies - 8 Companies with Maj. Joseph McDowell - 7 Companies - 4 Companies 1st Spartan - 3 Companies from Lincoln County Regiment Clarke’s Regiment Camden District, SC of Militia (NC) Roebuck’s Battalion of Spartan Regiment of Militia (SC) of Militia Detachment (GA) - 3 Companies from Lt. Col. Frederick Hambright Fairfield District, SC Col. Benjamin Roebuck Maj. William Candler - Maj. John Barber Hill’s Regiment - 8 Companies - Maj. John Cunningham of Militia Detachment (SC) - Maj. William Chronicle - 6 Companies - Maj. Joseph Dickson Lt. Col. James Hawthorn - Maj. Francis McCorkle New Acquisition District Regiment of Militia (SC) Upper Ninety-Six District - 18 Companies Regiment Detachment (SC) - Maj. Samuel Tate Col. Samuel Watson - 5 Companies Lt. Col. Robert Anderson 14 Regiments, - Lt. Col. Andrew Love 14 Detachments, - Maj. John Wallace - Maj. James McCall 1,127 – 1,661 Men. - 7 Companies - 3 Companies 234 Companies These regiments all worked with Col. James Williams Why a Range? 5 The Battle of Kings Mountain Patriot Militia Units Arrived from VA, NC, SC, and GA Pasquotank • Washington County Regiment (VA) Perquimans Camden • Sullivan County Regiment (NC) • Augusta County Regiment Detachment (VA) • Washington County Regiment (NC) • Rockbridge Rifles Detachment (VA) Chowan Currituck Sullivan North- Richmond Guilford Caswell Warren Gates (9/25) Wilkes Gran- ampton Watauga ville Halifax Hertford Settlement Surry Halifax Wilkes Guilford Hillsborough Frank- C.H. C.H. Orange lin Bertie Edenton Edge- Wake Nash Burke Rowan combe Tyrrell Quaker Meadows Chatham Ran- Johnston Pitt (9/30) Salisbury dolph Lincoln Hyde Gilbert Town (10/4) Dobbs Rutherford Cumberland CharlotteMontgomery Craven Meck- Cross Creek New Bern Cowpens Kings len- Jones (10/6) Mountain burg Anson Rich- Duplin (10/7) mond Thank You Onslow Carteret John Robertson & Ninety-Six Bladen Bill Anderson District Camden Cheraw New District Cheraws Hanover District Wilmington Ninety-Six Camden 14 Regiments, Brunswick 14 Detachments Georgetown of Regiments. • Clarke’s Regiment Detachment (GA) District Orangeburgh District • Little River District Regiment (SC) Men also from Burke County, Caswell Orangeburgh Georgetown County, Lincoln County, and Wilkes • Wilkes County Regiment (NC) County, NC • Surry County Regiment (NC) Charles Town • Burke County Regiment (NC) • Lower District Regiment Detachment (SC) District • 2nd Spartan Regiment (SC) • Rutherford County Regiment (NC) st • Lincoln County Regiment (NC) • 1 Spartan Regiment Detachment (SC) Charlestown • Roebuck’s Battalion of Spartan Regiment (SC) • Rowan County Regiment (NC) • New Acquisition District Regiment (SC) Beaufort • Mecklenburg County Regiment Detachment (NC) • Upper Ninety-Six District Reg. Detach. (SC) District • Chatham County Regiment Detachment (NC) • Guilford County Regiment Detachment (NC) • Turkey Creek Regiment (SC) Beaufort • Fairfield Regiment Detachment (SC) • Granville County Regiment Detachment (NC) • Camden District Regiment Detachment (SC) • Caswell County Regiment Detachment (NC) • Hill’s Regiment of Militia Detachment (SC) 6 © 2015 – J.D. Lewis – All Rights Reserved The Battle of Kings Mountain Troop Movement Timeline -- All Roads Lead to the Cowpens -- September October 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Abingdon/ Pemberton <<<< Men Trickle In >>>> Skirmish at Cane Creek – Burke County, NC Dunn’s Meadow Oak Probably C. McDowell with Burke County Regiment Cane William Campbell Musters Camped at A. Hampton with Rutherford County Regiment Quaker Burke Gilbert Denard’s Creek Washington County, VA Meadows C.H. Town with detachments from Rowan & Mecklenburg Militia & Rockbridge Rifles Ford Watauga Sycamore Settlement Shoals John Sevier Musters Shelving Rock Washington County Isaac Regiment (NC) Shelby Musters Cathey’s Plantation Joseph Winston Musters Richmond Sullivan County Gillespie Gap Seen Surry County Regiment (NC) (aka Surry C.H.) Regiment (NC) North Cove/Turkey Cove Both Benjamin Cleveland Musters Wilkes Fort Grider’s Wilkes County Regiment (NC) C.H. Defiance Fort Cornwallis Enters Charlotte Cowpens KM Capts. Douglas Capt. Hugh & McMullen Join Fabush Joins Capt. William Capt. Mordecai Bennett Joins Clark Joins Hillsborough, Caswell Guilford NC C.H. C.H. Salisbury Tuckaseegee Ford Beattie’s Ford James Williams (SC) Approved to Recruit NC Militiamen. Thomas Brandon brings He has a small number of men 1st Spartan & 2nd Spartan with him from SC, including the Regiment Detachments Little River District & Lower District. Edward Lacey (Turkey Creek Regiment) Charlotte Maj. William Including Camden District & Fairfield District, Candler (GA) William Hill (Hill’s Regiment of Light Horse), Robert Anderson brings Arrives Capts. Gholson, Thomas Watson (New Acquisition District Regiment) Upper Ninety-Six District Griffin & Hudgins Near Charlotte with Thomas Sumter (SC) Regiment Detachment Join Espey’s Sherrill’s Lincoln Moore’s William Graham Musters Plantation Ford C.H. Plantation Probably Lincoln County Regiment (NC) Camped at Island Ford Maj. Samuel Hammond (SC) Higgins’ Benjamin Roebuck (SC) brings issues proclamation for refugees Plantation his Battalion of Spartan Regiment to join him at Higgins’ Plantation Maj. William Chronicle (NC) harassing foraging parties © 2015 – J.D. Lewis – All Rights Reserved around Charlotte << Men Trickle In >> 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 September October 7 Blowup of General Area Showing Major Rivers, Roads, Towns Catawba River Great Upper Fall Line King’s W agon Road Road Road Highway Williams- Northampton Richmond Harrisburg borough Littleton C.H. Sycamore Caswell Camden Currituck Shoals (Surry C.H.) C.H. C.H. Jonesborough Wilkes Guilford Granville Warrenton Halifax Winton Fort C.H. Bethania C.H. Defiance C.H. Enfield Winfield Bethabara Edenton Hertford Hillsborough Salem Louisburg Windsor Grider’s New Garden Fort Fort Tarboro Quaker Dobbs Wake C.H. Williamston Meadows Burke C.H. 8 Lexington Chatham Hinton’s Davidson’s Fort Bedford Hill 7 Salisbury C.H.
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