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Department of Defense Authorization for Appropriations for Fiscal Year 2003

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Department of Defense Authorization for Appropriations for Fiscal Year 2003 S. HRG. 107–696, PT. 5 DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE AUTHORIZATION FOR APPROPRIATIONS FOR FISCAL YEAR 2003 HEARING BEFORE THE COMMITTEE ON ARMED SERVICES UNITED STATES SENATE ONE HUNDRED SEVENTH CONGRESS SECOND SESSION ON S. 2225 TO AUTHORIZE APPROPRIATIONS FOR FISCAL YEAR 2003 FOR MILITARY ACTIVITIES OF THE DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE, TO PRESCRIBE MILI- TARY PERSONNEL STRENGTHS FOR FISCAL YEAR 2003, AND FOR OTHER PURPOSES PART 5 EMERGING THREATS AND CAPABILITIES MARCH 6, 12, APRIL 10, 2002 ( Printed for the use of the Committee on Armed Services VerDate 11-SEP-98 15:10 Dec 17, 2002 Jkt 000000 PO 00000 Frm 00001 Fmt 6011 Sfmt 6011 81926.CON SARMSER2 PsN: SARMSER2 DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE AUTHORIZATION FOR APPROPRIATIONS FOR FISCAL YEAR 2003—Part 5 EMERGING THREATS AND CAPABILITIES VerDate 11-SEP-98 15:10 Dec 17, 2002 Jkt 000000 PO 00000 Frm 00002 Fmt 6019 Sfmt 6019 81926.CON SARMSER2 PsN: SARMSER2 S. HRG. 107–696, PT. 5 DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE AUTHORIZATION FOR APPROPRIATIONS FOR FISCAL YEAR 2003 HEARING BEFORE THE COMMITTEE ON ARMED SERVICES UNITED STATES SENATE ONE HUNDRED SEVENTH CONGRESS SECOND SESSION ON S. 2225 TO AUTHORIZE APPROPRIATIONS FOR FISCAL YEAR 2003 FOR MILITARY ACTIVITIES OF THE DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE, TO PRESCRIBE MILI- TARY PERSONNEL STRENGTHS FOR FISCAL YEAR 2003, AND FOR OTHER PURPOSES PART 5 EMERGING THREATS AND CAPABILITIES MARCH 6, 12, APRIL 10, 2002 ( Printed for the use of the Committee on Armed Services U.S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE 81–926 PDF WASHINGTON : 2002 For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office Internet: bookstore.gpo.gov Phone: toll free (866) 512–1800; DC area (202) 512–1800 Fax: (202) 512–2250 Mail: Stop SSOP, Washington, DC 20402–0001 VerDate 11-SEP-98 15:10 Dec 17, 2002 Jkt 000000 PO 00000 Frm 00003 Fmt 5011 Sfmt 5011 81926.CON SARMSER2 PsN: SARMSER2 COMMITTEE ON ARMED SERVICES CARL LEVIN, Michigan, Chairman EDWARD M. KENNEDY, Massachusetts JOHN WARNER, Virginia ROBERT C. BYRD, West Virginia STROM THURMOND, South Carolina JOSEPH I. LIEBERMAN, Connecticut JOHN MCCAIN, Arizona MAX CLELAND, Georgia BOB SMITH, New Hampshire MARY L. LANDRIEU, Louisiana JAMES M. INHOFE, Oklahoma JACK REED, Rhode Island RICK SANTORUM, Pennsylvania DANIEL K. AKAKA, Hawaii PAT ROBERTS, Kansas BILL NELSON, Florida WAYNE ALLARD, Colorado E. BENJAMIN NELSON, Nebraska TIM HUTCHINSON, Arkansas JEAN CARNAHAN, Missouri JEFF SESSIONS, Alabama MARK DAYTON, Minnesota SUSAN COLLINS, Maine JEFF BINGAMAN, New Mexico JIM BUNNING, Kentucky DAVID S. LYLES, Staff Director JUDITH A. ANSLEY, Republican Staff Director SUBCOMMITTEE ON EMERGING THREATS AND CAPABILITIES MARY L. LANDRIEU, Louisiana, Chairman EDWARD M. KENNEDY, Massachusetts PAT ROBERTS, Kansas ROBERT C. BYRD, West Virginia BOB SMITH, New Hampshire JOSEPH I. LIEBERMAN, Connecticut RICK SANTORUM, Pennsylvania BILL NELSON, Florida WAYNE ALLARD, Colorado JEAN CARNAHAN, Missouri TIM HUTCHINSON, Arkansas MARK DAYTON, Minnesota SUSAN COLLINS, Maine JEFF BINGAMAN, New Mexico JIM BUNNING, Kentucky (II) VerDate 11-SEP-98 15:10 Dec 17, 2002 Jkt 000000 PO 00000 Frm 00004 Fmt 0486 Sfmt 0486 81926.CON SARMSER2 PsN: SARMSER2 C O N T E N T S CHRONOLOGICAL LIST OF WITNESSES NONPROLIFERATION PROGRAMS OF THE DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY AND THE COOPERATIVE THREAT REDUCTION PROGRAM OF THE DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE MARCH 6, 2002 Page Crouch II, Hon. J.D., Assistant Secretary of Defense for International Secu- rity Policy .............................................................................................................. 18 Brooks, Ambassador Linton F., Deputy Administrator for Defense Nuclear Nonproliferation, National Nuclear Security Administration .......................... 23 SPECIAL OPERATIONS MILITARY CAPABILITIES, OPERATIONAL REQUIREMENTS, AND TECHNOLOGY ACQUISITION MARCH 12, 2002 Holland, Gen. Charles R., USAF, Commander in Chief, U.S. Special Oper- ations Command .................................................................................................. 57 Schulte, Harry E., Acquisition Executive, Special Operations Acquisition and Logistics Center, U.S. Special Operations Command ....................................... 68 TECHNOLOGY FOR COMBATING TERRORISM AND WEAPONS OF MASS DESTRUCTION APRIL 10, 2002 Sega, Hon. Ronald M., Director, Defense Research and Engineering ................. 114 Marburger III, Hon. John H., Director, Office of Science and Technology Policy ..................................................................................................................... 125 Klein, Dr. Dale, Assistant to the Secretary of Defense for Nuclear, Chemical, and Biological Defense Programs ....................................................................... 139 Younger, Dr. Stephen M., Director, Defense Threat Reduction Agency ............. 144 Waldron, Robert E., Assistant Deputy Administrator for Nonproliferation Re- search and Engineering, National Nuclear Security Administration .............. 149 (III) VerDate 11-SEP-98 15:10 Dec 17, 2002 Jkt 000000 PO 00000 Frm 00005 Fmt 5904 Sfmt 5904 81926.CON SARMSER2 PsN: SARMSER2 DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE AUTHORIZATION FOR APPROPRIATIONS FOR FISCAL YEAR 2003 WEDNESDAY, MARCH 6, 2002 U.S. SENATE, SUBCOMMITTEE ON EMERGING THREATS AND CAPABILITIES, COMMITTEE ON ARMED SERVICES, Washington, DC. NONPROLIFERATION PROGRAMS OF THE DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY AND THE COOPERATIVE THREAT REDUC- TION PROGRAM OF THE DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE The subcommittee met, pursuant to notice, at 2:40 p.m., in room SR–222, Russell Senate Office Building, Senator Mary L. Landrieu (chairman of the subcommittee) presiding. Committee members present: Senators Landrieu, Carnahan, and Roberts. Majority staff members present: Madelyn R. Creedon, counsel; Richard W. Fieldhouse, professional staff member; and Arun A. Seraphin, professional staff member. Minority staff members present: L. David Cherington, minority counsel; Edward H. Edens IV, professional staff member; and Mary Alice A. Hayward, professional staff member. Staff assistants present: Andrew Kent and Thomas C. Moore. Committee members’ assistants present: Menda S. Fife, assistant to Senator Kennedy; Marshall A. Hevron and Jeffrey S. Wiener, as- sistants to Senator Landrieu; Peter A. Contostavlos, assistant to Senator Bill Nelson; David Schanzer, assistant to Senator Carnahan; John Gastright, assistant to Senator Thurmond; Robert Alan McCurry, assistant to Senator Roberts; Kristine Fauser, as- sistant to Senator Collins; and Derek Maurer, assistant to Senator Bunning. OPENING STATEMENT OF SENATOR MARY L. LANDRIEU, CHAIRMAN Senator LANDRIEU. Good afternoon, everyone, and welcome to our hearing. This hearing will be on the Department of Energy’s non- proliferation programs and the Department of Defense’s Coopera- tive Threat Reduction (CTR) programs. Senator Roberts and I are very pleased to have both of our wit- nesses with us today. I think in both cases, it is your first time be- (1) VerDate 11-SEP-98 15:10 Dec 17, 2002 Jkt 000000 PO 00000 Frm 00006 Fmt 6633 Sfmt 6633 81926.016 SARMSER2 PsN: SARMSER2 2 fore this subcommittee, but neither one of you is new to this very important work. We have Ambassador Linton Brooks, now Deputy Administrator for Defense Nuclear Nonproliferation, National Nuclear Security Administration (NNSA). Ambassador, it is good to see you again. We look forward to your testimony. J.D. Crouch, Assistant Sec- retary of Defense for International Security Policy, welcome. Today we are here because of the very real threat of nuclear, ra- diological, biological, or chemical weapons finding their way into the hands of our enemies. The evidence of such a threat has prompted this administration to set up shop for high level officials in weapons of mass destruction or WMD-proof facilities so that they can resume control of the Nation should an attack occur. I think the public would want to know that Senators on this com- mittee and throughout Congress are taking every possible step to neutralize this threat so as to ensure that America is safe from such a dire scenario. Let me begin by referring to excerpts from this week’s Time mag- azine. Time reports that ‘‘for a few harrowing weeks last fall, a group of U.S. officials believed that the worst nightmares of their lives—something even more horrific than September 11—was about to come true. In October, an intelligence alert went out to a small number of Government agencies, including the Energy De- partment’s top-secret nuclear emergency search team (NEST), based in Nevada. The report said that terrorists were thought to have obtained a 10-kiloton nuclear weapon from the Russian arse- nal and planned to smuggle it into New York City.’’ The report came from a very reliable field agent, and coincided with statements from a Russian general who said he might be missing a missile. [The information referred to follows:] VerDate 11-SEP-98 15:10 Dec 17, 2002 Jkt 000000 PO 00000 Frm 00007 Fmt 6633 Sfmt 6633 81926.016 SARMSER2 PsN: SARMSER2 3 VerDate 11-SEP-98 15:10 Dec 17, 2002 Jkt 000000 PO 00000 Frm 00008 Fmt 6633 Sfmt 6633 81926.016 SARMSER2 PsN: SARMSER2 4 VerDate 11-SEP-98 15:10 Dec 17, 2002 Jkt 000000 PO 00000 Frm 00009 Fmt 6633 Sfmt 6633 81926.016 SARMSER2 PsN: SARMSER2 5 VerDate 11-SEP-98 15:10 Dec 17, 2002 Jkt 000000 PO 00000 Frm 00010 Fmt 6633 Sfmt 6633 81926.016 SARMSER2 PsN: SARMSER2 6 VerDate 11-SEP-98 15:10 Dec 17, 2002 Jkt 000000 PO 00000 Frm 00011 Fmt 6633 Sfmt 6633 81926.016 SARMSER2 PsN: SARMSER2 7 VerDate 11-SEP-98 15:10 Dec 17, 2002 Jkt 000000 PO 00000 Frm 00012 Fmt 6633 Sfmt 6633 81926.016 SARMSER2 PsN: SARMSER2
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