INDEX 303 Aags See Anti-Aircraft Guns Adults, Violence Risk Factors
Total Page：16
File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb
INDEX 303 Index Angola Arms-free Municipalities Project (AFMP) MANPADS attacks on aircraft 13 (El Salvador) 292–5 A non-state actors, light weapons ‘Army of the Pure’: Lashkar-e-Tayyiba holdings 32 (LeT) (Pakistan), guided light AAGs see anti-aircraft guns surplus weapons, destruction weapons holdings 33 adults, violence risk factors 252 programmes 97 Asia-Pacific, firearm homicides and Afghanistan anti-aircraft guns (AAGs), countries suicides 219 MANPADS producing 34–5 AT4 rocket launcher 25 attacks on aircraft 13 anti-materiel rifles ATGWs see anti-tank guided weapons destruction programmes 101 countries producing 34–5 Australia diversion 119, 120, 125 prices 22 civilian weapons, theft of 63, 65 non-state actors, light weapons types 22–3 light weapons production 34 holdings 32 anti-personnel landmines (APLs), theft surplus weapons transferred to 79, destruction programmes 94 of M-72 LAW rocket launchers 81 anti-tank guided weapons (ATGWs) 49, 51, 52 violent incidents 232–3 countries producing 34–5 of civilian weapons 63, 65 Africa, firearm homicides and suicides held by non-state armed groups from gun shops 64 219 32–3 Austria age production and values 28–30, 31 end-user certification 164–5, 171–3 see also youth stockpiles 19–20 light weapons production 34 violence risk factors 251–3, 258 types 18–20 automatic grenade launchers 24–5 AGS-17 grenade launcher 24 anti-tank weapons, unguided rocket aircraft launchers 25–6 MANPADS attacks 12, 13 APLs see anti-personnel landmines use for diversions 115–16 Argentina B AKM rifles, diversion to Colombia 113 end-user certificates 128 Barrett M82 anti-materiel rifle 22 Albania light weapons production 34 Basque Homeland and Freedom (ETA), ammunition surplus weapons 84, 85 guided light weapons holdings 33 diversion 52 Armed Forces Revolutionary Council Bazooka 25 stockpiles 91, 93 (AFRC) (Sierra Leone), guided light behaviour problems, risk factors 254 MANPADS, destruction programmes weapons holdings 33 Belarus 101 Armed Islamic Group (GIA) (Algeria), light weapons production 34 surplus weapons, destruction guided light weapons holdings 32 MANPADS, destruction programmes programmes 97 armed violence 101 alcohol, and violence 222, 264, 275 see also violence surplus weapons, destruction Alcotan-100 rocket launcher 25 common factors 219–22 programmes 79, 97 Algeria, non-state actors, light weapons data collection 216–17, 222, 237 Belgium holdings 32 definition 246, 277 end-user certification 165, 171–3 al-Qaeda, guided light weapons dynamics 231 light weapons production 34 holdings 33 firearms interventions 278–9 Biting the Bullet project 128, 142 Al-Qassam rockets, Gaza 15 global burden 218 Blue Lantern end-use monitoring ammunition interventions 226–7, 235–6, 275–6, programme (United States) 129, 137, calibre compatibility 45–6 278–9, 295–8 170 diversion 45, 52 El Salvador 281, 288–95 Bolide High Velocity Missile 17 Albania 52 United States 280–8 Bolivia Brazil 45, 46, 52 prevention 223, 227 MANPADS, destruction programmes Israel 52 public health approach 211–12, 101, 102 Kenya 51, 52 223–8, 236–40 surplus weapons 84 Peru 52 regional distribution 218–19 Bosnia and Herzegovina Uganda 51 risk factors 262–3, 282 ammunition, stockpiles 91, 93 measurement of 89, 90–1 school shootings 265–6 diversion of arms from 122 military requirements 89–94 as social phenomenon 236–7 MANPADS, destruction programmes security risk coding 50 urban areas 221–2, 257, 291 101 surplus 89–94 Arms Transfer Profiling Indicator surplus weapons tons 90 System (ATPIS) 129 destruction programmes 97 304 Small armS SurvEy 2008 transferred to Afghanistan and non-state actors, light weapons diversion of ammunition to Liberia Iraq 79 holdings 32 121, 123, 126, 129, 134 Boston Gun Project (United States) 286 Chechen rebels, guided light weapons non-state actors, light weapons Bout, Viktor 117, 120, 135 holdings 33 holdings 32 Boutros-Ghali, Boutros, children crime micro-disarmament 8 victimization, Turkey 247 see also organized crime; theft; Brazil violence risk factors 252–3 violence ammunition calibres 45, 46 Chile South Africa 183, 184–7, 191–2, 195 end-user certification 165, 171–3 light weapons production 34 United States light weapons production 34 surplus weapons 84 access to firearms 284–7 surplus weapons 84 China gun crime reduction 287–8 Browning M2 heavy machine gun 21 diversion, weapons from 121 Crime Observatory (Jamaica) 297 Bulgaria end-user certification 167, 171–3 Croatia diversion of arms to Colombia 122 heavy machine gun production 21 light weapons production 34 EU membership 104 light weapons production 34 surplus weapons, destruction light weapons production 34 civilian stockpiles programmes 97 NATO membership 103 definition 45 Cuba, light weapons production 34 surplus weapons, destruction diversion customs data, limitations of 28 programmes 96, 97 high-order 63–4 Cyprus, EU membership 103 Burma see Myanmar low-order 62–3 Czech Republic Burundi South Africa 187–9 EU membership 103 MANPADS, destruction programmes types 46 light weapons production 34 101 securing 64–7 MANPADS, destruction programmes weapons diverted from South Africa Colombia 101 196–7 see also Fuerzas Armadas Revolucio- NATO membership 103 narias de Colombia (FARC) small arms per person 87, 88 diversion surplus weapons 89 transferred to Afghanistan and C weapons from Bulgaria and Romania 122 Iraq 79 calibre, military and civilian compatibility weapons from Nicaragua 121, 45–6 124 Cambodia weapons from Peru 113, 120, 123, MANPADS, destruction programmes 134, 136 D 101 Medellín Plan Desarme 292 deaths surplus weapons, destruction non-state actors, light weapons see also homicides programmes 96, 97, 98 holdings 32 Canada suicides 219 surplus weapons 84 end-user certification 165–7, 171–3 violent 216, 218 violence reduction programme 275, light weapons production 34 delinquency 251–3 292 small arms per person 87, 88 Democratic Republic of the Congo violence risk factors 249 state-to-state transfers 166 (DRC) (formerly Zaire) surplus weapons 89 communities MANPADS attacks on aircraft 13 Carisma (Community Alliance for domestic violence attitudes 260–1 non-state actors, light weapons Renewal) (UK) 234 risk and resilience factors 229–30 holdings 32 Carl Gustaf recoilless rifle 23 and violence 228–36, 240, 256 Denmark, light weapons production 34 Centrafrican Airlines 117 violence reduction efforts 234, 267, destruction programmes Central African Republic (CAR) 287–8, 298 Bolivia 102 small arms per person 87, 88 Comtech Mobile Data Corporation 132 comparison with disarmament 78 surplus weapons 89 Comtrade see United Nations, Commodity decision making 98 Central America, gangs 290 Trade Statistics Database domestic 96, 98 Central and Eastern Europe, firearm Consent-to-Search programme (United donors 105–6 homicides and suicides 219 States) 283 incentives 103–6 Chad Conventional Armed Forces in Europe internationally sponsored 96–8 MANPADS, destruction programmes (CFE) Treaty 92 Kazakhstan 98–9 101 Côte d’Ivoire MANPADS 80, 99–102 INDEX 305 Montenegro 95 E surplus weapons 89 origins 94–6 Ethiopia, non-state actors, light East Timor, illicit capture of weapons and security sector reform 104–5 weapons holdings 32 55 Ukraine 95 European Tracking Initiative 129 Eastern Equatoria (Sudan), machine disarmament v. destruction 78 European Union (EU) gun attack 12 diversions destruction programme assistance ecological model, violence 211, 226, 228, of ammunition 45, 52 237, 250–1 78, 94 civilian stockpiles Ecuador, surplus weapons 84 membership requirements 103–4 high-order 63–4 EFPs see explosively formed projectiles explosively formed projectiles (EFPs), low-order 62–3 Egypt, light weapons production 34 lethality 12 South Africa 187–9 El Salvador export controls definition 114–15, 156–7 armed violence, interventions 281, see also transfers document abuse 118 291–5 diversion prevention 126–7, 132–3, export controls 126–7, 132–3, 143 Arms-free Municipalities Project 143, 159–60 government involvement 124 (AFMP) 292–5 MANPADS 61 in-transit 123 gangs 290 transparency 136–7 multilateral prevention measures homicides 289–91, 295 violations 137 160–1 legislation, violence reduction 293 national stockpiles Society without Violence (Sociedad extra-security force diversion sin Violencia) 292 53–6 end-use monitoring F high-order 56–62 ad hoc checks 163 FARC see Fuerzas Armadas Revolucionarias intra-security force diversion Blue Lantern monitoring programme de Colombia 48–53 129, 137, 170 Finland issued stock diversion 51, 193–8 delivery verification 163, 174 light weapons production 34 low-order 47–56 Golden Sentry programme 170 small arms per person 87, 88 military collapse 60–2 Stinger missiles 144 surplus weapons 89 official conspiracies 56–9 transfer controls 127, 128–9, 133–6 firearm deaths policy implications 52–3, 55–6, United States 170 see also homicides 59–60 end-user certificates (EUCs) 163 regional rates 218–19 South Africa 193–8 abuse of 118, 155, 158–9, 175–6 South Africa 183, 188, 195 paths of 44, 46–7 end-user certification United States 281–2 point-of-delivery 123–4 Austria 164–5, 171–3 urban–rural differences 257 police stockpiles, South Africa 193–5 Belgium 165, 171–3 firearms post-delivery 123–4 Brazil 165, 171–3 armed violence 214, 262–3 prevention 142–5, 160–3, 173–4 Canada 165–7, 171–3 private security companies, South China 167, 171–3 availability 262–3 Africa 190–3 documentation 163, 172, 175 United States 284–7 punishment 134–6 enhancing 175–6 interventions 278–9 risk factors 122–7 Germany 167, 171–3 legislation significant cases (1987–2007)