NDP II - National Progress Report

August 2017 – December 2018

Date: 15th of July 2019

Page 2 of 119

Contents

Foreword ...... 16 Acknowledgements ...... 18 1 Introduction ...... 19 2 Economy sector...... 21 2.1 Government institutions linked to the sector ...... 21 2.2 NDP II sector outcome ...... 21 2.3 Ministry of Finance Development ...... 22 2.3.1 Roles and responsibilities ...... 22 2.3.2 Progress ...... 23 2.3.3 Next steps ...... 24 2.4 Ministry of Trade, Industry and Tourism ...... 24 2.4.1 Roles and responsibilities ...... 24 2.4.2 Progress ...... 24 2.4.3 Next steps ...... 26 2.5 Somaliland Diaspora Agency ...... 26 2.5.1 Roles and responsibilities ...... 26 2.5.2 Progress ...... 26 3 Energy and Extractives sector ...... 28 3.1 Government institutions linked to the sector ...... 28 3.2 NDP II sector outcome ...... 28 3.3 Ministry of Energy and Minerals ...... 30 3.3.1 Roles and responsibilities ...... 30 3.3.2 Progress ...... 30 4 Production sector ...... 33 4.1 Government institutions linked to the sector ...... 33 4.2 NDP II sector outcome ...... 33 4.3 Ministry of Agricultural Development ...... 34 4.3.1 Roles and responsibilities ...... 34 4.3.2 Progress ...... 35 4.3.3 Next steps ...... 41 4.4 Ministry of Livestock and Fishery Development ...... 41 4.4.1 Roles and responsibilities ...... 41 4.4.2 Progress ...... 41 4.4.3 Next steps ...... 48

Page 3 of 119

5 Infrastructure sector ...... 49 5.1 Government institutions linked to the sector ...... 49 5.2 NDP II sector outcome ...... 49 5.3 Ministry of Transport and Roads Development ...... 50 5.3.1 Roles and responsibilities ...... 50 5.3.2 Progress ...... 51 5.4 Roads Development Agency ...... 52 5.4.1 Roles and Responsibilities ...... 52 5.4.2 Progress ...... 52 5.5 Civil Aviation and Airport Authority ...... 54 5.5.1 Roles and responsibilities ...... 54 5.5.2 Progress ...... 55 5.6 Somaliland Port Authority...... 56 5.6.1 Roles and responsibilities ...... 56 5.6.2 Progress ...... 56 5.6.3 Next steps ...... 58 5.7 Ministry of Communication and Technology ...... 58 5.7.1 Roles and responsibilities ...... 58 5.7.2 Progress ...... 58 5.7.3 Next steps ...... 59 5.8 Ministry of Public Works, Land and Housing ...... 59 5.8.1 Roles and responsibilities ...... 59 5.8.2 Progress ...... 60 6 Governance sector ...... 62 6.1 Government institutions linked to the sector ...... 62 6.2 NDP II sector outcome ...... 62 6.3 Ministry of Justice...... 65 6.3.1 Roles and responsibilities ...... 65 6.3.2 Progress ...... 66 6.3.3 Next steps ...... 68 6.4 Ministry of Information, Culture and Guidance ...... 69 6.4.1 Roles and responsibilities ...... 69 6.4.2 Progress ...... 69 6.5 Civil Service Commission...... 70 6.5.1 Roles and responsibilities ...... 70 6.5.2 Progress ...... 70

Page 4 of 119

6.6 Somaliland National Human Rights Commission ...... 71 6.6.1 Roles and responsibilities ...... 71 6.6.2 Progress ...... 72 6.6.3 Next steps ...... 74 6.7 Coastguard ...... 75 6.7.1 Roles and responsibilities ...... 75 6.7.2 Progress ...... 75 6.8 Ministry of Planning and National Development ...... 76 6.8.1 Roles and responsibilities ...... 76 6.8.2 Progress ...... 76 6.9 Somaliland Quality Control Commission ...... 86 6.9.1 Roles and responsibilities ...... 86 6.9.2 Progress ...... 86 6.9.3 Next steps ...... 87 7 Education sector ...... 88 7.1 Government institutions linked to the sector ...... 88 7.2 NDP II sector outcome ...... 88 7.3 Ministry of Education ...... 91 7.3.1 Roles and responsibilities ...... 91 7.3.2 Progress ...... 91 8 Health sector...... 95 8.1 Government institutions linked to the sector ...... 95 8.2 NDP II sector outcome ...... 95 8.3 Ministry of Health Development ...... 96 8.3.1 Roles and responsibilities ...... 96 8.3.2 Progress ...... 97 8.3.3 Next steps ...... 105 9 Water, Sanitation and Hygiene sector ...... 106 9.1 Government institutions linked to the sector ...... 106 9.2 NDP II sector outcome ...... 106 9.3 Ministry of Water Development ...... 107 9.3.1 Roles and responsibilities ...... 107 9.3.2 Progress ...... 107 10 Environment sector ...... 109 10.1 Government institutions linked to the sector ...... 109 10.2 NDP II sector outcome ...... 109

Page 5 of 119

10.3 Ministry of Environment and Rural Development ...... 110 10.3.1 Roles and responsibilities ...... 110 10.3.2 Progress ...... 110 10.3.3 Next steps ...... 111 11 Cross-cutting themes...... 112 11.1 Government institutions linked to the CCTs ...... 112 11.2 NDP II Outcome – Employment and Labour ...... 112 11.3 NDP II Outcome – Social Protection ...... 113 11.4 NDP II Outcome – Youth ...... 114 11.5 Ministry of Employment, Social Affairs and Family ...... 116 11.5.1 Roles and responsibilities ...... 116 11.5.2 Progress ...... 116 11.6 National Refugees and Displaced Agency ...... 117 11.6.1 Roles and responsibilities ...... 117 11.6.2 Progress ...... 117 11.7 Ministry of Youth and Sports ...... 118 11.7.1 Roles and responsibilities ...... 118 11.7.2 Progress ...... 118

Page 6 of 119

Tables Table 1: ACTIVITIES CONTRIBUTING TO OUTCOME – ECONOMY SECTOR ...... 21 Table 2: ACTIVITIES CONTRIBUTING TO OUTCOME – ENERGY AND EXTRACTIVES SECTOR ...... 28 Table 3: ACTIVITIES CONTRIBUTING TO OUTCOME – PRODUCTION SECTOR ...... 33 Table 4: Number of land ownership certificates issued per region ...... 37 Table 5: Issued court and legal files regarding land ownership received by MoAD ...... 37 Table 6: Sorghum, Maize and Cowpea seed produced by SOMASEED project ...... 38 Table 7: Farmed land and Expected land to harvest in 2018 ...... 40 Table 8: Expected production harvest of 2018 ...... 40 Table 9: Actual production/harvest of Somaliland (2018 season) ...... 40 Table 10: Number of Community Animal Health workers (CAHWs) trained per region ...... 44 Table 11: Number of animals slaughtered in urban centres in the first semester of 2018 ...... 44 Table 12: Number of animals slaughtered in Hargeisa per month (first semester 2018) ...... 44 Table 13: Number of animals exported in the first semester of 2018 (Heads) ...... 45 Table 14: Registered fish catch from Berbera, Saylac and Sanaag in the 1st semester of 2018 (tons) .. 47 Table 15: ACTIVITIES CONTRIBUTING TO OUTCOME – INFRASTRUCTURE SECTOR ...... 49 Table 16: Road construction, reabilitation and maintenance activities in 2018 ...... 52 Table 17: Passenger and cargo movements in the 1st semester of 2018 ...... 55 Table 18: ACTIVITIES CONTRIBUTING TO OUTCOME – GOVERNANCE SECTOR ...... 62 Table 19: Nature and number of complaints received and registered by the SLNHRC ...... 72 Table 20: Places of detention visited by the Human Rights Commission ...... 73 Table 21: ACTIVITIES CONTRIBUTING TO OUTCOME – EDUCATION SECTOR ...... 88 Table 22: ACTIVITIES CONTRIBUTING TO OUTCOME – HEALTH SECTOR ...... 95 Table 23: Levels of Health service provisions and Health programmes ...... 97 Table 24: Changes in Health Facilities ...... 97 Table 25: Regional Variation in OPD service utilization in 2018 ...... 98 Table 26: Antenatal care services by region -2018 ...... 98 Table 27: Trend analysis for health services delivered at Public Health Facilities (2017 to 2018) ...... 99 Table 28: Health services delivered at Public Health Facilities by region ...... 99 Table 29: Trend analysis for Child Nutrition Screening (2017-2018) ...... 100 Table 30: Available ambulances and other vehicles in MoHD in 2017 and 2018 ...... 104 Table 31: ACTIVITIES CONTRIBUTING TO OUTCOME – WASH SECTOR ...... 106 Table 32: ACTIVITIES CONTRIBUTING TO OUTCOME – ENVIRONMENT SECTOR ...... 109 Table 33: ACTIVITIES CONTRIBUTING TO OUTCOME – EMPLOYMENT & LABOUR CCT ...... 112 Table 34: ACTIVITIES CONTRIBUTING TO OUTCOME – SOCIAL PROTECTION CCT ...... 113 Table 35: ACTIVITIES CONTRIBUTING TO OUTCOME – YOUTH CCT ...... 114

Figures Figure 1: Outpatient Patient Department (ODP) - Service Utilization Trends 2017-2018 ...... 97 Figure 2: Trend analysis in antenatal care (ANC) 2017-2018 ...... 98 Figure 3: Trend analysis for EPI- under 5 Child Immunization (2017 - 2018) ...... 99 Figure 4: Regional Variation in under five Child Immunization (2018) ...... 100 Figure 5: Trend analysis of overall child malnutrition (2017 – 2018) ...... 101

Page 7 of 119

Activities Activity 1 - Creation of Large Taxpayers Office ...... 23 Activity 2 - Creation of Tax Policy Unit ...... 23 Activity 3 - Draft of Somaliland National Revenue Policy ...... 23 Activity 4 - Review of Customs Evaluation Books ...... 23 Activity 5 - Exchange rate of foreign currency ($) for import from overseas countries...... 24 Activity 6 - Formulation of strategic plan aligned with the NDP II ...... 24 Activity 7 - Regulatory Framework for Improving Business Environment ...... 24 Activity 8 - Develop standardized forms and practices for business and SME development ...... 25 Activity 9 - Surveys and Assessments on Enterprise Growth ...... 25 Activity 10 - Supervision visits ...... 25 Activity 11 - Economic Sector Coordination Meetings (ESCOM) ...... 25 Activity 12 - Promotion of tourism ...... 26 Activity 13 - Research and conservation of key tourism sites ...... 26 Activity 14 - Support to increase Diaspora business investment ...... 26 Activity 15 - Bringing Diaspora expertise and young generations back home ...... 27 Activity 16 - Regulatory framework and Policies ...... 30 Activity 17 - Hargeisa Electricity supply ...... 30 Activity 18 - Staff training ...... 30 Activity 19 - Management issues ...... 30 Activity 20 - Regulatory framework and Policies ...... 31 Activity 21 - Exploration of reserves ...... 31 Activity 22 - Staff training ...... 31 Activity 23 - Collection of geological data...... 31 Activity 24 - Issuing of mining licenses ...... 31 Activity 25 - Strengthening of MoAD Institutional Capacity ...... 35 Activity 26 - Human Resource Management Activities ...... 35 Activity 27 - Agricultural land and water resources management and meteorological forecast ...... 36 Activity 28 - Research and Extension Services ...... 38 Activity 29 - Plant protection activities ...... 38 Activity 30 - Enhancement of production and agricultural support services...... 40 Activity 31 - Vaccination of 3 million goats against Contagious Caprine Pleuropneumonia ...... 41 Activity 32 - Livestock Treatment Campaign ...... 42 Activity 33 - Livestock marketing infrastructure ...... 42 Activity 34 - Livestock Holding Grounds ...... 42 Activity 35 - Modern export abattoirs ...... 42 Activity 36 - Training of technical staff ...... 43 Activity 37 - Training of Community Animal Health Workers ...... 43 Activity 38 - Meat consumption ...... 44 Activity 39 - Livestock export ...... 44 Activity 40 - Restocking for impoverished livestock keepers ...... 45 Activity 41 - Training of fishery technicians ...... 45 Activity 42 - Rehabilitation of Berbera fish jetty ...... 45 Activity 43 - Fishing boats given to fishing cooperatives ...... 46 Activity 44 - Onshore facilities established ...... 46 Activity 45 - Regulatory framework and Policies formulated and updated ...... 46 Activity 46 - Fish catch from Berbera, Saylac and Sanaag from January to June, 2018...... 47 Activity 47 - Establish and protect seawater seasonal reserves ...... 47

Page 8 of 119

Activity 48 - Construction of the Erigavo-Ina Afmadoobe Road ...... 51 Activity 49 - Rehabilitation of the Haleeya to Macaneya Road...... 51 Activity 50 - Rehabilitation of Miridho bridge ...... 51 Activity 51 - Ongoing rehabilitation and maintenance of Sheikh Mount ...... 51 Activity 52 - Rehabilitation of Roads linking Las-Canod and Tukoraq ...... 51 Activity 53 - Repair the damage caused by Tropical Cyclone Sagar ...... 51 Activity 54 - Redesign of Driving Licenses, Vehicle Circulation Books, and Number Plates ...... 52 Activity 55 - Registration of Government Vehicles ...... 52 Activity 56 - Policies, Strategies and Regulatory framework ...... 52 Activity 57 - Road construction, rehabilitation and maintenance ...... 52 Activity 58 - Development of International Airports ...... 55 Activity 59 - Development of Regional Airports ...... 55 Activity 60 - Institutional capacity building ...... 55 Activity 61 - Passenger movements...... 55 Activity 62 - Handling of traffic ...... 56 Activity 63 - Supply of equipment ...... 56 Activity 64 - DP World Berbera company progress ...... 56 Activity 65 - Somaliland Ports Authority capacity building ...... 57 Activity 66 - Safety rules and regulations enhancement ...... 57 Activity 67 - Support to community development ...... 57 Activity 68 - Information and Communication Technology (ICT) ...... 58 Activity 69 - Postal Service ...... 58 Activity 70 - Telecom ...... 59 Activity 71 - Capacity Building MoCT ...... 59 Activity 72 - Gabiley Master Plan ...... 60 Activity 73 - Wajaale Master Plan ...... 60 Activity 74 - Development of building codes ...... 61 Activity 75 - Justice and Correction High-Level Conference ...... 66 Activity 76 - Enhancing custodial corps (prisons) infrastructure ...... 67 Activity 77 - Legislation process (Laws and Policy) ...... 67 Activity 78 - Provision of Legal Aid Service ...... 67 Activity 79 - Human Capacity Building ...... 68 Activity 80 - Juvenile justice program ...... 68 Activity 81 - Public awareness of their basic rights ...... 68 Activity 82 - Monitoring of Prisons ...... 68 Activity 83 - War crime investigation of genocide in Somaliland ...... 68 Activity 84 - Data base for the justice system ...... 68 Activity 85 - Institutional development ...... 69 Activity 86 - Infrastructure and equipment ...... 69 Activity 87 - Dissemination of information ...... 69 Activity 88 - Upgrading of Civil Service registration ...... 70 Activity 89 - Development of Civil Service Administrative Policies ...... 71 Activity 90 - Government Ordinance Structures ...... 71 Activity 91 - Promotion and Protection of Human Rights ...... 72 Activity 92 - Human Rights Concerns in Places of Detention ...... 72 Activity 93 - Human Rights Education and Its Promotion ...... 74 Activity 94 - Infrastructure and equipment ...... 75 Activity 95 - Staff training ...... 75

Page 9 of 119

Activity 96 - Management of the Somaliland Development Fund (SDF) ...... 76 Activity 97 - Project Mapping Exercise ...... 79 Activity 98 - Sector Strategic Plans Development and Annual Work Plans ...... 79 Activity 99 - NPDII Resource Mobilization ...... 79 Activity 100 - NDPII-Government Budget Alignment ...... 79 Activity 101 - District Development Plans Formulation ...... 79 Activity 102 - NDPII Somali Translation ...... 80 Activity 103 - Participation of Producing Cyclone Impact Assessment Report ...... 80 Activity 104 - Production of Consumer price Index (CPI) ...... 80 Activity 105 - GDP Production ...... 80 Activity 106 - Somaliland in figures ...... 80 Activity 107 - Gender Statistics Booklet ...... 80 Activity 108 - The Cooperation Capacity project between CSD and Statistics Sweden (SCB) ...... 81 Activity 109 - Somaliland Health Demographic Survey (SHDS) ...... 81 Activity 110 - Nomadic component of Somaliland Household Frequency Survey - wave II ...... 81 Activity 111 - Civil Registration and Vital statistics (CRV) ...... 81 Activity 112 - NDP II Progress Report ...... 81 Activity 113 - Development of the National Monitoring and Evaluation System (NMES) ...... 82 Activity 114 - Review of the National Monitoring and Evaluation Policy...... 82 Activity 115 - Quality control of the NDP II outcome indicators ...... 83 Activity 116 - Improving Human Resource Management and Administration ...... 83 Activity 117: Government-NGO Consultation Conference:...... 84 Activity 118: Islamic/Arab NGOs and Government Consultation Conference ...... 84 Activity 119: Aid Flow Report ...... 84 Activity 120: Tax Exemption Process ...... 85 Activity 121: Service Delivery Improvement ...... 85 Activity 122: Aid Information Management System ...... 85 Activity 123: Review of registered organizations ...... 85 Activity 124 - Development of standards ...... 86 Activity 125 - Capacity building SQCC ...... 86 Activity 126 - Policies, Strategies and Regulatory framework ...... 91 Activity 127 - Resource mobilization ...... 91 Activity 128 - Institutional capacity development ...... 91 Activity 129 - Curriculum Development and Teaching Materials ...... 91 Activity 130 - Human Resource Development MOES ...... 92 Activity 131 - Inspection ...... 92 Activity 132 - Access and Equity to Early Childhood Education ...... 92 Activity 133 - Primary Education ...... 92 Activity 134 - Secondary Education ...... 93 Activity 135 - Examinations for Primary and Secondary Schools ...... 93 Activity 136 - Technical and Vocational Education and Training...... 93 Activity 137 - Assist Cyclone Sagar affected communities ...... 94 Activity 138 - Changes in Health Facilities ...... 97 Activity 139 - Visits at Outpatient Department Services (OPD) ...... 97 Activity 140 - Antenatal care services...... 98 Activity 141 - Delivery trend analysis at Public Health Facilities ...... 99 Activity 142 - Child Immunization ...... 99 Activity 143 - Child Nutrition ...... 100

Page 10 of 119

Activity 144 - Other core achievements in health service delivery ...... 101 Activity 145 - Human Resource Administration and Development ...... 102 Activity 146 - Leadership and effective governance core activities ...... 102 Activity 147 - Availability of essential medicines, vaccines and commodities ...... 103 Activity 148 - Health Information system, Research and M & E ...... 103 Activity 149 - Health Finance and Administration ...... 104 Activity 150 - Ambulances and other vehicles ...... 104 Activity 151 - Health Physical Infrastructure ...... 104 Activity 152 - Public Health Emergency ...... 104 Activity 153 - Social determinants of health ...... 105 Activity 154 - Planning and design of water supply systems ...... 107 Activity 155 - Development of underground water resources ...... 107 Activity 156 - Development of surface water resources ...... 108 Activity 157 - Solar powered water and desalinisation systems ...... 108 Activity 158 - Institutional capacity building ...... 108 Activity 159 - Tree planting and distribution ...... 110 Activity 160 - Alternative Energy sources ...... 110 Activity 161 - Water for Agro-pastoral Livelihood Project ...... 111 Activity 162 - Preventing poaching and the illegal export of Wildlife ...... 111 Activity 163 - Promotion of employment ...... 116 Activity 164 - Development of policies, strategies and regulatory framework ...... 116 Activity 165 - Promoting gender equality ...... 116 Activity 166 - Reducing Gender Based Violence ...... 117 Activity 167 - Promote income generation in vulnerable families ...... 117 Activity 168 - Assist Cyclone Sagar affected communities ...... 117 Activity 169 - Institutional Development...... 117 Activity 170 - Distribution of food items, water and non-food items ...... 117 Activity 171 - Provision of shelter...... 117 Activity 172 - Livelihood support ...... 117 Activity 173 - Registration and support to migrants, refugees and returnees ...... 118 Activity 174 - Development of sports playgrounds ...... 118 Activity 175 - Promotion of and participation in sports tournaments ...... 118 Activity 176 - Promotion of Youth Employment ...... 119 Activity 177 - Introducing or improving Training Programmes in Higher (Vocational) Education ... 119 Activity 178 - Building new youth centres ...... 119

Page 11 of 119

Acronyms

ADO Agricultural Development Organization ADB Africa Development Bank AIDS Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome ASI Adam Smith International BGP Bureau of Geophysical Prospecting BPA Berbera Port Authority BRIDGE Building Resources in Democracy in Governance and Election BTI Buroa Technical Institute CAAMA Civil Aviation and Airports Management Authority CAHWs Community Animal Health Workers CCPP Contagious Caprine Pleuropneumonia CCTs Cross-Cutting Themes CMR Clinical Management of Rape CPI Consumer Price Index CRV Civil Registration and Vital Statistics CSC Civil Service Commission CSD Central Statistics Department CSO Civil Society Organization DHIS District Health Information System DNO Norwegian Oil and Gas Operator DQIP Strategy for the Data Quality Improvement Plan ECE Early Childhood Education ECHO European Commission for Humanitarian Aid Operations EEZ Exclusive Economic Zone EMIS Education Management Information System ENAP Every new-born Action Plan EPHS Essential Package of Health Services ERC Energy Regulatory Commission ESCOM Economic Sector Coordination Meetings ESP Energy Service Provider ESRES Energy Smart Real Estate Specialist ESSP Education Sector Strategic Plan FAO Food and Agricultural Organization FAW Fall Armyworm FCO Foreign Commonwealth Office FGM Female Genital Mutilation FSS Farmer Field School GAVO General Assistance and Volunteer Organization GBV Gender Based Violence GDP Cross Domestic Product GEEL Growth Enterprise Employment Livelihood

Page 12 of 119

GIZ Gesellschaft Fur Internationale Zusammenarbeit (German Cooperation for International Cooperation GPE Global Partnership for Education HAVOYOCO Horn of Africa Voluntary Youth Committee HiAP Health in All Policies HR Human Resource HS Health System HSSP Health Sector Strategic Plan HTI Hargeisa Technical Institute IBTVET Institute Based Technical Vocational Education Training ICC International Criminal Court ICC Immunization Coordination Committee ICIPE International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology ICP International Comparison Program ICRC International Committee of the Red Cross ICT Information and Communication Technology IDPs Internally Displaced People IFAD International Fund Agriculture Development IHR International Health Regulation INGO International Non-Governmental Organization IPM Integrated Pest Management ISAC Industrial Standards Approval Committees JPLG Joint Program for Local Governments KSA Kingdom of Saudi Arabia LEAD Leadership Education/Action Development LHGS Livestock Holding Ground LIP Livelihood Improvement Program LMIS Logistic Management Information System LNGO Local Non-Governmental Organization LPG Liquified Petroleum Gas M&E Monitoring and Evaluation MCCP Mycoplasma Capricolum Subspecies Capri-pneumoniae MDAs Magnetic Drum Auxiliary Sender MESAF Ministry of Employment, Social and Family MMN Mineral and Micronutrients MoAD Ministry of Agricultural Development MOC Management Obstetric Care MoCT Ministry of Public Works, Land and Housing MoE&RD Ministry of Environment and Rural Development MoEM Ministry of Energy and Minerals MOES Ministry of Education and Science MoHD Ministry of Health Development MoJ Ministry of Justice MoL&FD Ministry of Livestock and Fishery Development MoPND Ministry of Planning and National Development

Page 13 of 119

MoTRD Ministry of Transport and Roads Development MoWD Ministry of Water Development MRC Migration Response Center MSME Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises MWHs Megawatt Hours NDP National Development Plan NECFISH North East Coast Fishing Enterprise NFIs Non-Food Items NMES National Monitoring and Evaluation System NRC Norwegian Refugee Council OOSC Out of School Children OSS One Stop Shop PFM Public Financial Management PFS Payment Financial System PPD Public Private Dialogue PPE Personal Protective Equipment PPP Public Private Partnership RDA Roads Development Agency REOs Regional Educational Offices RMNCAH Reproductive Maternal Neonatal Child Adolescent Health Strategy SDF Somaliland Development Fund SDG Sustainable Development Goals SEEA Somaliland Electrical Energy Act SHDS Somaliland Health Demographic Survey SHFSII Somaliland High Frequency Survey Wave II SIDA Swedish International Development Cooperation Agency SIP School Improvement Plans SLDA Somaliland Diaspora Agency SLNHRC Somaliland National Human Rights Commission SLNTV Somaliland National Television SOLNA National News Agency SOMASEED Somaliland Seed SoPA Somaliland Ports Authority SPARK Sports, Play and Active Recreation for Kids SQCC Somaliland Quality Control Commission TADs Transboundary Animal Diseases TDR Traditional Dispute Resolution TGS Provider of Subsurface data TVET Technical Vocational Education and Training UAE United Arab Emirates UHC Universal Health Coverage UN United Nations UNDP United Nations Development Programme UNESCO United Nations Education, Scientific and Cultural Organization

Page 14 of 119

UNFPA United Nations Population Fund URF Urban Regulatory Framework for Somaliland VQF Vocational Qualification Framework WALP Water for Agro-pastoral Livelihoods Pilot WASH Water, Sanitation and Hygiene YOVENCO Youth Volunteer for Development and Environment Conservation

Page 15 of 119

Foreword

Somaliland has recently started a new development cycle in its history. The National Development Plan 2017-2021 (NDP II) was a result of a concerted effort where stakeholders concerned with Somaliland’s development came together to decide and agree on goals and targets for the next five years. The NDPII was built on the progress made and lessons learnt so far in Somaliland’s development and is the next step in achieving the long-term development aspirations of The Somaliland National Vision 2030: A Stable, Democratic and Prosperous Country Where People Enjoy a High Quality of Life.

The Government of Somaliland officially launched the NDP II on the 29th of July of 2017, just a few months before the national elections held in November of the same year. The NDP II represents a fundamental planning instrument for the country, defining priorities and targets for the newly elected Government and its development partners from January 2018 onward. This Annual Progress Report is the first of the NDP II cycle and the Ministry of Planning and National Development (MoPND) is committed to coordinating this reporting exercise every year.

The NDP II is Somaliland’s first National Development Plan that includes a Result Based Management Framework, which defines Outcome, Outcome indicators and Targets for all 9 sectors and 3 cross- cutting themes. However, institutional capacity to effectively collect quality data in a timely fashion needs to be boosted across most government institutions. Some NDP II outcome indicators are aligned with data collection mechanisms developed in the past, often in collaboration with MoPND’s Central Statistical Department. However, the Ministry has created a new M&E department in October 2017 to be able to address the new challenges related to i) the development of a National Monitoring and Evaluation System (NMES), ii) expansion of NDP II data collection mechanisms, iii) reinforcement of the planning and M&E legal framework leading to more effective norms and procedures, iv) staff capacity building, in terms of M&E skills and knowledge, and v) introduction and reinforcement of correct institutional routines regarding M&E.

Considering the current situation in many government institutions regarding systematic data collection for NDP II Outcome indicators, MoPND has opted for this first NDP II Annual Progress Report for an activity-based approach. Government institutions were requested to describe progress made in the 10 – 15 most important on-going processes of 2018 and indicate next steps for 2019. They were furthermore requested to quantify results and disaggregate data whenever possible (per region, male/female, per animal species, etc.). The medium-term objective of MoPND, while building the NMES, is to transform this more and more into an indicator-based monitoring approach built on solid sector data collection mechanisms.

In order to promote a smoother aggregation process in the future for this National Report, with better quality and according to set deadlines, I would like to highlight the importance of the following:

• Proactive leadership of the Director Generals in terms of meeting deadlines and ensuring proper internal quality control of draft reports before sharing them with MoPND’s M&E department. Quality control of content, data accuracy, data analysis, formulation of conclusions and recommendations, and language, can still be considerably improved in most institutions.

• As a norm, the institution’s Director General must send draft and final reports to the Director General of MoPND with copy to the Director of its M&E Department. This is important, so as

Page 16 of 119

to respect the institutions’ internal mechanisms, ensure the DG’s proactive involvement, and making him/her ultimately responsibility for its content.

• There must be an increase in effort to present quantitative data, disaggregating numbers in tables whenever possible, with a special reference to disaggregation categories like regions and gender (male/female). This allows for a better understanding of what’s happening in terms of development across disaggregation categories and adjust interventions accordingly. The Health Sector is an excellent example of this.

• In principle the data collection exercise for the NDP II National Progress Report should involve all implementing agencies. Government institutions are responsible for collecting information from projects operating under their institutional mandate. Data collection mechanisms between ministries and projects are often weak or non-existing and it is often not clear in the sector reports up to what extent data from projects operating in the sector have been included or are missing. An important goal of the NMES is to address this by creating an on-line multi- user platform to which both government agencies and projects will have access.

Last but not least, I would like to thank all staff in all government institutions that have contributed to the collection of data and the writing of their institution’s report, as well as the staff of my the Ministry of Planning and Development that has been involved in quality control and the compilation of this National Progress Report, with special reference to the staff of the M&E Department.

Despite certain shortcomings that need to be addressed for future reports, it is my sincere hope that this first NDP II National Progress Report will be appreciated by all stakeholders, inside and outside government, and that it will contribute to transparency on how the scarce resources available for NDP II implementation are being used to achieve concrete results in the short, medium and long term.

Vice-Minister

Eng. Hussein Ibrahim Buuni

Ministry of Planning & National Development

Page 17 of 119

Acknowledgements

As the first publication of its kind in Somaliland, the compilation of this report was fraught with challenges and would not have been possible without the enduring efforts of many across Somaliland government. The Ministry of Planning and National Development would like to express its sincere gratitude to all that contributed, starting with our own M&E Department staff and in particular Director Faisal Abdirahman Madar. Considerable credit for this work belongs to Antony van de Loo, DANIDA Senior Adviser to the Ministry of Planning and Development, for his tireless drive to see this long process to the end.

We would also like to extend our heartfelt thanks to all collaborating Ministries and National Agencies for their contributions, as well as to the Development Partners supporting these institutions. Our gratitude goes in particular to the directors of the Planning and Statistics Departments of the various government institutions, and their staff, who worked hard to collect, compile and provide us with the information featured in the report. Finally, we are grateful to the Directors General of the collaborating institutions for their leadership and oversight. Finally, sincere thanks to Abdirashid Ibrahim Sh. Abdirahman, the former Director General, who tirelessly supported and led the production of this report.

Mubarik Abdulahi Ibrahim (Daljir),

Director General,

Ministry of Planning & National Development

Page 18 of 119

1 Introduction

The Government of Somaliland is committed to achieving rapid economic growth and sustainable development. To this end it has developed, for the second time, a five-year National Development Plan (2017-2021) for Somaliland, that focuses on rapid economic growth, sustainable development and poverty reduction.

There were number of paradigm shifts made from the first NDP both principally and methodologically:

• NDPII has adopted a human rights-based approach. This is to make sure that all development endeavours are intertwined with upholding universal human rights principles. • NDPII has also adapted a risk-based approach, where all risk factors that can deviate NDPII from achieving its goals are mapped to devise mitigation strategies. As Somaliland is exposed to, and prone to climatic shocks and stresses, building resilience is one of the principles in which NDPII is grounded. • Inclusiveness, ownership, harmonization of efforts and prioritization in the face of scarce resources are among the guiding principles as well. • NDPII shifted from output orientated to an outcome and results-based approach. Despite huge data gaps, the GoSL has tried its best to ensure that the NDPII is based on evidence. NDPII is also fully aligned to the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) and other international development frameworks.

The NDPII aspires to achieve higher economic growth rate from the current estimated rate of 2.6% to at least 5% per annum, increase the share of tax in GDP to at least 13% and upscale the contribution of the manufacturing industry to the GDP to 7%.

In the NDPII era, we aspire to reduce levels of poverty in both urban and rural areas, which are currently among the highest in Sub-Sahara Africa. Inequality is also among the key focus areas where targets and interventions are devised to reduce inequality incidences. Reducing the very high unemployment rate which has very detrimental effect on country's state building and stability is among the key priority areas. During the plan period, achieving satisfactory level of national food security and reducing the huge dependency of imports are also among the primary targets. We also aspire to increase the export share of the GDP to at least 10%.

During the plan period, the development priority interventions will mainly focus on, among others:

• Creating sound investment climate and friendly business environment to boost both foreign and domestic investment levels; • Devise sound macroeconomic stability through macroeconomic policies; • Promote the potential in the tourism sector; • Bolster Diaspora investment who are already an important source of assistance, investment and know-how; • Boost the country's export through foreign markets diversification and value chain and value- added development; • Promote technological advancement through research and development schemes; • Devise climate resilient practices in the primary sectors; • Build enabling hard and social infrastructure; • Uphold the rule of law for improving property rights security and build core government functions;

Page 19 of 119

• Promote public-private dialogue and public-private partnership and align budgeting and planning processes of the country. • A “Business Approach” will be adopted to further develop and improve public service delivery and efficiency.

It is in this context, taken from the President’s foreword in the NDP II document, that this NDP II National Progress Report should be read and interpreted.

In the following chapters progress is presented for each of the 9 sectors and 3 cross-cutting themes, according to the structure of the NDP II:

Pillars and sectors of the NDP II

Cross-cutting themes of the NDP II

➢ Employment and Labour ➢ Social Protection ➢ Youth

The activities presented by the Government Institutions in each sector / cross-cutting theme are furthermore, at the beginning of each chapter, aligned with the NDPII Outcome and Targets they are expected to contribute to. This creates an overview of where each sector has focussed its initial efforts to achieve NDP II targets that were set for the 2017 – 2021 period.

Page 20 of 119

2 Economy sector

2.1 Government institutions linked to the sector

The following government institutions are part of the economy sector:

o Ministry of Finance Development o Ministry of Trade, Industry and Tourism o Ministry of Investment o Ministry of Planning and National Development o Central Bank o Chamber of Commerce o Somaliland Diaspora Agency 2.2 NDP II sector outcome

The table below provides a summary overview of activities that have during the reporting period contributed to the achievement of NDP II outcomes of the sector. More detailed information about each activity is available in the section “Activities” under each contributing government institution.

Table 1: ACTIVITIES CONTRIBUTING TO OUTCOME – ECONOMY SECTOR

Outcome NDP II Outcome description Contributing activities during the code reporting period

SDG1: End poverty in all its forms

ECO_01_01 By 2021, reduce the proportion of the population Activities 6, 7 of Somaliland in extreme poverty by 20%

ECO_01_02 By 2021, The government of Somaliland will Activity 6 promote pro-poor and vulnerable groups' access to finance by 30%

SDG8: Promote sustained, inclusive and sustainable economic growth, full and productive employment and decent work for all

ECO_08_01 By 2021, Sustain GDP per capita growth rate to 5% Activities 6, 11 per year

ECO_08_02 By 2021, increase productivity per worker levels by Activity 7 20%

ECO_08_03 By 2021, Somaliland will devise development and Activities 7, 9, 10, 11 entrepreneurship-oriented policy framework

ECO_08_04 By 2021, formalize existing Micro, Small, Medium Activities 7, 8 Enterprises activities by 50%

ECO_08_05 By 2021, increase the contribution of tourism Activities 7, 12, 13 activities into the GDP by 10%

ECO_08_06 By 2021, increase the share of tax revenue in GDP Activities 1, 2, 3, 4, 6 to 13%

Page 21 of 119

ECO_08_07 By 2021, strengthen the capacity of domestic Activities 6, 7 financial institutions to encourage and expand access to banking, insurance and financial services for all the businesses.

ECO_08_08 By 2021, increase Diaspora role in both the Activities 7, 8, 14, 15 domestic market investment to 10% and their contribution to the public investment

ECO_08_09 By 2021, reduce financial illicit flows by 30% Activity 6

SDG9: Build resilient infrastructure, promote inclusive and sustainable industrialization and foster innovation

ECO_09_01 By 2021, increase the contribution of the Activities 7, 11 manufacturing industry into the national GDP to 7% and the employment level to 40%

ECO_09_02 Activities 6, 7 By 2021, increase access to finance by Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises to 50%

ECO_09_03 By 2021, increase the number of people engaged in R&D in Somaliland by 10% and research spending as a proportion of the GDP by 1.5%

SDG10: Reduce inequality within and among countries

ECO_10_01 By 2021, reduce income inequality in urban and Activity 7 rural areas to 30% and 35% respectively

SDG17: Strengthen the means of implementation and revitalize the Global Partnership for Sustainable Development

ECO_17_01 By 2021, increase the overall export share of the Activities 6, 7 GDP to 10%

ECO_17_02 By 2021, reduce overall imports’ share of the GDP Activity 6 by 20%

ECO_17_03 By 2019, develop sound macroeconomic stability Activity 6 policies and regulatory framework

ECO_17_04 Strengthen and promote effective public-private Activities 7, 11 partnerships (PPP) Programs

Compiled by: M&E Department, MoPND 2.3 Ministry of Finance Development

2.3.1 Roles and responsibilities The Ministry of Finance Development derives its broad mandate from the Constitution of Somaliland, which is proper budgetary and expenditure management of government financial resources. In addition, Parliament, over the years has enacted Acts to which the Ministry of Finance development is

Page 22 of 119 a custodian thereby adding more responsibilities to the Ministry. The functions of the Ministry of Finance development are strategic in several ways.

As a main function, the Ministry is charged with the responsibility of:

❖ Formulating financial and economic policies. ❖ Developing and maintaining sound fiscal and monetary policies that facilitate socio-economic development. As such, all sectors of the government look upon the Ministry to create an enabling environment in which they can operate effectively and efficiently. ❖ The Ministry regulates the financial sector which is central to the development of the country and on which all other sectors depend for investment resources. ❖ Another strategic responsibility of the Ministry is the management of revenues, expenditures and borrowing by the government. The Ministry must ensure that it mobilizes adequate resources to support government programs and activities. Consequently, the Ministry has the task of developing sound fiscal policies that ensure sustainable budget deficits. ❖ In addition, the Ministry must ensure that government expenditure is within the revenue collected to reduce domestic borrowing, which tends to cause negative ripples in economic management. ❖ The Ministry coordinates government ministries/departments in the preparation of the annual national budget. It is the responsibility of the Ministry to initiate and guide all ministries/departments to prepare their ministerial budgets. The Ministry also provides Accounting, IT, and Procurement. 2.3.2 Progress Activity 1 - Creation of Large Taxpayers Office

The Ministry of Finance Development has established an office of large taxpayers, where its aim is to specifically take the responsibility of collecting taxes from the greatest taxpayers. This office is in the Inland Revenue Department, which is responsible for internal tax collection. Both ASI and OPM collectively implemented the establishment of this office through the Public Financial Management (PFM) Reform Project.

Activity 2 - Creation of Tax Policy Unit

The tax policy unit is established in the Ministry of Finance Development, specifically in the Department of Macroeconomic Affairs and Statistics, for fulfilling national goals regarding the implementation of fiscal policy and macroeconomic policy.

Activity 3 - Draft of Somaliland National Revenue Policy

The Ministry has drafted the Somaliland National Revenue Policy, which is now close to being finalised and ready for implementation. A special committee is nominated to translate it into the Somali version.

Activity 4 - Review of Customs Evaluation Books

The Ministry of Finance Development recently reviewed and updated the customs valuation list. This list is used for valuating import goods as a tax base model. It indicates for each item its unit of measurement, value and tax rate. Many amendments have been made in item values or by adding new items.

Page 23 of 119

Activity 5 - Exchange rate of foreign currency ($) for import from overseas countries

The Ministry has increased the foreign exchange rate of tax from $1=5,000 to $1=7,000 due to the increase of the domestic trade deficit balance. Basic need items, such as fuel, are not increased for its inelasticity condition.

Activity 6 - Formulation of strategic plan aligned with the NDP II

The Ministry launched its own strategic plan of five years 2018-2022. This strategic plan is aligned with the NDP II. 2.3.3 Next steps The following are priorities for the first semester of 2019:

❖ Development of import substitution policy with support from an expert consultant ❖ Diversifying customs import goods and prioritizing substitutable ones ❖ Drafting a national fiscal policy with all stakeholders and support from an expert consultant ❖ Increasing both the tax rate and the tax base of imported goods 2.4 Ministry of Trade, Industry and Tourism

2.4.1 Roles and responsibilities The Ministry of Trade , Industry and Tourism is mandated to create a business enabling environment, establish a system to monitor that certain goods are sold at the appropriate price, develop and implement a business demarcation strategy, integrate Somaliland into the regional and international economy, undertake price studies relating to basic commodities and services that have to be under price control, and control the quality of exported and imported goods conform the required standards in collaboration with the concerned government sectors including the Quality Control Commission. 2.4.2 Progress TRADE AND INDUSTRY

Activity 7 - Regulatory Framework for Improving Business Environment

The following was implemented:

❖ The Somaliland Companies Law 2018 has been reviewed, amended and approved ❖ The Commercial Code has been drafted and translated ❖ The Licensing and Inspection Act has been drafted and translated ❖ The Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSME) policy has been drafted and translated ❖ The Public Private Partnership (PPP) policy has been drafted ❖ The drafting of the Trade policy is on-ongoing ❖ The Task Force for the formulation of the Industrialization Policy has been established and the drafting of this policy is on-going.

The following workshops were held:

❖ Two consultation workshops to discuss the first and second draft of the Commercial Code, which were followed by a validation workshop. ❖ A consultation workshop to discuss the first draft of the Licensing and Inspection Act, which was followed by a validation workshop.

Page 24 of 119

❖ A consultation workshop to discuss the first draft of the MSME policy

Activity 8 - Develop standardized forms and practices for business and SME development

Procedures and standardized forms were developed in relation to the following:

❖ Guideline forms for Industries Sanitation Environment ❖ Environmental Protection and Safety Forms for Industries ❖ Reviewed and updated on forms for Industries Registration ❖ Reviewed and updated Procedure forms on Tax Exemption for Industries. ❖ One Stop Shop Business application and registration forms ❖ Developed new Business Tariffs ❖ Reviewed and amended previous service category Tariffs ❖ Reviewed and updated Tourism forms of registration procedures

In this Roles and responsibilities, a workshop was held to validate the Business registration forms that were developed to streamline the Business registration process.

Activity 9 - Surveys and Assessments on Enterprise Growth

The following surveys and assessments were implemented:

❖ Egg Market Survey ❖ Assessment of Government Fuel Stations ❖ Assessment of One Stop Shops (OSS) ICT in Hargeisa, Berbera and Burao

Activity 10 - Supervision visits

A total of 900 private businesses were supervised, of which 178 businesses, within the Transitioning Initiatives from Informal Economy to Formal Economy, were operating without a licence. The supervision visits were done at private businesses operating in Health, Education, Classic and semi classic hotels, Fuel stations, Travel and tourism agencies, Wholesale and all other types of services.

A number of other supervision visits were also undertaken:

❖ Supervision of work in progress related to Customs in the regions of Togdheer, Saaxil, Gabiley and Awdal. ❖ Monitored work in progress of local Industries throughout the country to ensure that they maintain minimum standards for environmental protection. ❖ Supervision and monitoring visits to gums and resins production sites in Sanaag region to identify and address their challenges.

Activity 11 - Economic Sector Coordination Meetings (ESCOM)

❖ Three quarterly Economic Sector Coordination meetings were held in December, March, and June 2018 to promote the dialogue between the Somaliland Government, private sector representatives and development partners. ❖ The Economy wide Public Private Dialogue (PPD) Forum held its annual meeting in June 2018 and quarterly and annual reports on PPD were produced. ❖ A subsector working group for informal trade was created under ESCOM

Page 25 of 119

TOURISM

Activity 12 - Promotion of tourism

The Ministry has recorded 160 tourism sites. Site visits were done to various tourism centres and important archaeology sites for tourism are being monitored (Laas Geel, Dhagax Guure, Aw Barkhadle, Dubaar, Old Camuud, Hiis, and Maydh, Daalo). A TV program for tourism sites has been prepared as well.

Activity 13 - Research and conservation of key tourism sites

Research is on-going in key tourism sites (Laas Geel, Dhagax Guure, Aw Barkhadle, Dubaar, Old Camuud). The ministry, in collaboration with a team of Spanish researchers, embarked on an assessment of-tourism sites in SANAAG (Xiis and Maydh) and AWDAL (Abasa Hassdile , Dameera Qad and Aro Golab).

The Tourism Protection Plan for Laas-geel conservation has been finalized and Dhagax-kuure conservation is on-going. 2.4.3 Next steps In the next period the Ministry of Trade, Industry and Tourism is expecting to focus on the following:

❖ Finalizing the Industrial Policy ❖ Approving the Company Act ❖ Approving the Licensing and Inspection Act ❖ Developing the Entrepreneurship Policy ❖ Developing the Trade Policy ❖ Reformulating the Industrial Act ❖ Developing One Stop Shop (OSS) mechanisms and simplifying business registration ❖ Strengthening the awareness on informal business sector to the formal sector ❖ Strengthening the Public - Private Dialogue to discuss challenges that face the business sectors.

2.5 Somaliland Diaspora Agency

2.5.1 Roles and responsibilities Somaliland Diaspora Agency is fulfilling of its mandate and has prepared this progress report, which is relevant to the Economy sector, particularly the SDG8 (Promote sustained, inclusive and sustainable economic growth, full and productive employment and decent work for all).

The Somaliland Diaspora Agency (SLDA) conducted surveys and data collection on the Diaspora investors, which shows there has been remarkable increase of the Diaspora contribution. 2.5.2 Progress Activity 14 - Support to increase Diaspora business investment

The Somaliland Diaspora Agency invited a South African Investor Fact Finding Mission to Hargeisa and facilitated their visiting and meetings with the Ministries of Minerals & Energy, Trade & Investment, Chamber of Commerce, SOMPOWER and other private companies. They were especially interested in the energy sector and its opportunities for investment.

Page 26 of 119

Activity 15 - Bringing Diaspora expertise and young generations back home

The Somaliland Diaspora Agency held consultative meetings with members of Somaliland Diaspora professionals and Elm School Principal and discussed the idea of establishing “Somaliland Young Ambassadors Leadership Academy” which would consist of the Diaspora-born youth and similar age of young locals (Primary/intermediate level).

Page 27 of 119

3 Energy and Extractives sector

3.1 Government institutions linked to the sector

The following government institutions are part of the energy and extractives sector:

o Ministry of Energy and Minerals 3.2 NDP II sector outcome

The table below provides a summary overview of activities that have during the reporting period contributed to the achievement of NDP II outcomes of the sector. More detailed information about each activity is available in the section “Activities” under each contributing government institution.

Table 2: ACTIVITIES CONTRIBUTING TO OUTCOME – ENERGY AND EXTRACTIVES SECTOR

Outcome NDP II Outcome description Contributing activities during code the reporting period

SDG7: Ensure access to affordable, reliable, sustainable and modern energy for all

ENE_07_01 By 2021, 85% of Somaliland urban households and Activities 16, 17 industry will have access to electricity

ENE_07_02 By 2021, 25% of Somaliland rural households and Activity 16 industry will have access to electricity

ENE_07_03 By 2021, 10% of national energy generation will be Activity 16 provided by renewable energy sources

ENE_07_04 By 2021, the average tariff for each customer class Activity 16 of the electric service provider in Somaliland will be reduced by 30%

ENE_07_05 By 2021, international investment in renewable Activity 16 energy technology, infrastructure and research will be increased to USD 30 million accumulatively

ENE_07_06 By 2021, reduce each ESP system technical energy losses through new infrastructure investment by 7.5% over 2016 levels

ENE_07_07 By 2021 Increase national electricity system Activity 16 generation capacity supply by 30 megawatts

SDG8: Promote sustained, inclusive and sustainable economic growth, full and productive employment and decent work for all

ENE_08_01 By 2021, 10% of Somaliland' land-mass will have Activity 21 been explored for oil and gas

ENE_08_02 By 2021, 5% of Somaliland's landmass will have Activity 23 been explored for minerals

Page 28 of 119

ENE_08_03 By 2021, commercial electricity consumption in Activity 16 MWhs (Megawatt Hours) will have increased by 25% over 2016 levels

ENE_08_04 By 2021, industrial electricity consumption in MWhs will have increased by 10% over 2016 levels

ENE_08_05 By 2021, a national framework will unbundle Activity 16 Somaliland’s vertically integrated power industry in urban areas to improve business efficiency

ENE_08_06 By 2021, a national framework will have promoted Activity 16 electricity trader business transactions with an annual net worth by USD1million

ENE_08_07 By 2021, 100% of electrical workers and contractors will be licensed and certified

ENE_08_08 By 2021, the approved and endorsed legal and Activity 20 regulatory framework will attract USD100 million business investment and financing commitments for the mineral and petroleum industry

SDG9: Build resilient infrastructure, promote inclusive and sustainable industrialization and foster innovation

ENE_09_01 By 2018, a master plan will be developed for the Power Sector

ENE_09_02 By 2021, the number of licensed prospective small- Activity 24 scale miners in Somaliland will increase by 50%

ENE_09_03 By 2021, prospective small-scale miners will have Activity 24 increased access to USD3million in micro-financing services

ENE_09_04 By 2021, 10% of industrial power supply will be Activity 16 sourced from renewable energy sources

ENE_09_05 By 2021, all industrial facilities operate to a power Activity 16 factor greater than 80%

ENE_09_06 By 2021, an extractive investment fund of USD 5million will be established to support the technical and financial development of the extractive industry

ENE_09_07 Increase the legal export of cut and polished Gems Activity 24 by 20%

ENE_09_08 By 2021, increase preliminary Mineral refining (separation) capacity to an accumulative 200,000 metric tonnes

Compiled by: M&E Department, MoPND

Page 29 of 119

3.3 Ministry of Energy and Minerals

3.3.1 Roles and responsibilities The Energy and Extractives Sector is the newest sector in the NDP II. The sector has been identified by both government and international partners as key components for Somaliland’s mid-term and long-term development. That is why the development of the Energy and Extractives sector was approved and established as a new sector within Somaliland’s Coordination Architecture in 2016.

The Ministry of Energy and Minerals (MoEM) the chair of the Sector Coordination Meetings already conducted involving government, private sector and international development partners. The Energy and Extractives Sector is primarily coordinated as two distinct sub-sectors; Energy (with a significant focus on electricity) and Extractives which includes both Minerals and Petroleum. While the MoEM administratively leads these Sector components particularly through its Directorates, significant investment, growth and activity is driven from both private sector and international development partners. 3.3.2 Progress ELECTRICAL ENERGY

Activity 16 - Regulatory framework and Policies

The ministry has focused to lobby for the enacting of the Somaliland Electrical Energy Act (SEEA) Bill at the parliament, which passed on May 2018.

The Ministry has also finalized the review Somaliland national energy policy & develop the RE policy, June 2018.

Activity 17 - Hargeisa Electricity supply

Hargeisa city electrical power T/D network system has been developed through the Hargeisa City Power Plan in April 2018

Activity 18 - Staff training

The ministry organized different training programs for the Energy Department and other Energy Sector stakeholders include the Electric Service Providers, the trainings are as follows:

❖ Genset training ❖ Electricity distribution best practices ❖ Feasibility study and project management ❖ M&E training ❖ Electric Tariff training

Activity 19 - Management issues

The Ministry has modified and adapted standard templates for departmental specific routines and administrative services, which includes the following: ❖ Tax exemption template ❖ License authorization template ❖ Electricity distribution and expansion authorization template ❖ Electricity disruption expansion guideline forms ❖ Energy survey forms

Page 30 of 119

The Ministry has prepared a plan for the Energy Regulatory Commission (ERC) establishment and implementation.

The ministry, through the departments of Energy and Planning respectively, led the process of Monitoring and Evaluation of the Hybrid Mini Grids of ESRES project sites, including Burao, Sheikh, Borama and Gabilay hybrid mini grids. This occurred from January to June 2018, while the rest will be done in the third quarter of 2018 (Buhodle and Badhan).

PETROLEUM

Activity 20 - Regulatory framework and Policies

In the last months, the department has done proof reading of the Somali translations of the two petroleum bills. The Ministry also organized different technical meetings with members of the House of Representatives and other petroleum stake holders to facilitate the enactment of the bill.

Activity 21 - Exploration of reserves

The exploration process for RaK Gas and Genel Energy has completed successfully, with the 2D seismic assessment on almost 4,300 KM in Togdheer, Marodijeh and Sahil Regions. BGP has shared with the department the final report of the exploration process of Genel Blocs.

In order to collect all information related to the current and previous petroleum exploration companies, the department has received the necessary information related to the DNO exploration process. The department has also received some reports from TGS, the company that undertook the onshore seismic assessment.

All planned community engagements have been done successfully to insure their positive contribution of the exploration process, through awareness campaign on TV and Radio.

Activity 22 - Staff training

There is continuous in-house training and capacity building for the department of petroleum related specifically to the petroleum exploration process, facilitated by volunteers from both Somaliland and foreign expertise. There are also interns at the department to be trained side by side with the staff, these interns are students graduated both from local and overseas universities.

MINERALS

Activity 23 - Collection of geological data

The Ministry, through the department of Minerals has collected all geological data of the country by the contribution of the petroleum department by June 2018.

Activity 24 - Issuing of mining licenses

In March 2018, the ministry has re-organized the mining license types, including: ❖ Prospecting ❖ Dealer ❖ Small mining ❖ Mining

Page 31 of 119

❖ Quarry

The ministry has done a monitoring and evaluation exercise on the Stone Crushed of Marodi Jeh and Sahil Regions (Hargeisa, Gabiley and Berbera) in May 2018.

The generation of revenue by the ministry through the taxation of minerals has increased (exact figures will be shared later)

Page 32 of 119

4 Production sector

4.1 Government institutions linked to the sector

The following government institutions are part of the production sector:

o The Ministry of Agricultural Development o The Ministry of Livestock and Fishery Development 4.2 NDP II sector outcome

The table below provides a summary overview of activities that have during the reporting period contributed to the achievement of NDP II outcomes of the sector. More detailed information about each activity is available in the section “Activities” under each contributing government institution.

Table 3: ACTIVITIES CONTRIBUTING TO OUTCOME – PRODUCTION SECTOR

Outcome NDP II Outcome description Contributing activities during code the reporting period

SDG2: End hunger, achieve food security and improved nutrition and promote sustainable agriculture

PRO_02_01 By 2021, 65% in urban and 60% in rural of the Activities 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, Somaliland population will have access to and be 32, 33, 34, 35, 37, 38, 39, 40, able to afford their daily basic food requirement 41, 42, 43, 44, 45, 46, 47

PRO_02_02 By 2021, agriculture production yield per hectare Activities 27, 28, 29, 30 will increase by 20%

PRO_02_03 By 2021, the area of land under agricultural Activity 27 cultivation will increase by 30%

PRO_02_04 By 2021, the tonnage of fish harvested from Activities 41, 42, 43, 44, 45, Somaliland waters will increase to 20% 46, 47

PRO_02_05 By 2021, the weight in kgs per average animal Activities 31, 32, 34, 37 head will increase by 25%

PRO_02_06 By 2021, livestock export will increase by 25% each Activities 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, type 37, 39, 40

PRO_02_07 By 2021, the percentage of GDP related to Activities 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, livestock, agriculture and fisheries of added value 32, 33, 34, 35, 37, 38, 39, 40, production will reach to 2% 41, 42, 43, 44, 45, 46, 47

PRO_02_08 By 2021, farmers' and pastoralist average incomes Activities 31, 32, 37, 39 will increase by 20% directly through cooperatives and micro-financing initiatives

PRO_02_09 By 2021, 30% of farmers and pastoralist will apply Activities 27, 28, 30 drought resilient agricultural practices

PRO_02_10 By 2021, 15% of local seeds landraces of food Activity 28 crops and fodder grasses will be collected and

Page 33 of 119

purified through government and community seed banks

PRO_02_11 By 2021, allocate 15% of government budget for agriculture, livestock and fisheries and increase international development aid by 20% each.

PRO_02_12 By 2021, annual food inflation (CPI prices) will not move outside a 4 and 6% annual range per year

SDG12: Ensure sustainable consumption and production patterns

PRO_12_01 By 2018, the Government of Somaliland will review and integrate sustainable consumption and production pattern frameworks into its agriculture, fisheries and livestock policies

PRO_12_02 By 2018, an integrated and cross-sectorial watershed management policy will be developed; enabling sustainable agriculture and livestock production systems

PRO_12_03 By 2021, increase grazing reserves to 6 and holding Activity 34 grounds to 5 for sustainable livestock grazing

SDG14: Conserve and sustainably use the oceans, seas and marine resources for sustainable development

PRO_14_01 By 2021, Somaliland will increase the utilization of pelagic fish of its manageable eastern EEZ by 20% through ecosystem-based approach.

PRO_14_02 By 2020, Somaliland fish stock assessment will determine the sustainable level of fish stocks

PRO_14_03 By 2021, number of Somaliland's protected Activity 47 coastline areas will increase to 10 areas

PRO_14_04 By 2021, secure at least USD 2 million external research funding support for improving scientific knowledge of local fish stocks and fishery information systems

PRO_14_05 By 2018, develop fisheries regulatory framework Activity 45 enabling protect access rights for small-scale fisheries

Compiled by: M&E Department, MoPND 4.3 Ministry of Agricultural Development

4.3.1 Roles and responsibilities The mandate of the Ministry of Agricultural Development encompasses all aspects of agricultural development ranging from agricultural resource utilization and management, crop production, agro- processing, marketing and pest and disease control. The vision of the Ministry of Agriculture is a sufficiently developed and sustainable agricultural sector that safeguards household and national food

Page 34 of 119 security and ensures prosperity of the agricultural and agro pastoral communities. The Ministry achieved the implementation of projects and activities to steer the development of the agriculture sector to ensure the realization of its full potential in order to effectively contribute to national development as emphasized in NDPII.

This progress report will cover the interventions that are performed to reach the goals set by the NDPII priorities, which includes MoAD institutional capacity building, human resource management, establishment of research and extension programs, improve agricultural support services, promote and enhance agricultural production, promote commercial farming, encourage forming small agricultural communities and cooperatives, and promote sustainable agricultural and land use management methods. 4.3.2 Progress Activity 25 - Strengthening of MoAD Institutional Capacity

The Government of Somaliland recognized the need to strengthen the organizational capacity of the Ministry of Agricultural Development and emphasized this in the NDPII priorities. The aim has been to transform the Ministry of Agriculture into a more efficient and productive organization. In order to achieve this objective, the ministry implemented the following:

❖ Streamlining of the organizational structure: The structure of the MoAD has been analyzed and streamlined with the aim to create a more efficient organizational structure. This has resulted in the consolidation and integration of departments with similar functions within the ministry. The Ministry consisted of 10 departments previously, which have been consolidated and integrated, leading to 6 departments. A new department Research and Extension Services has also been created, making the total number of departments 7 after the reorganizations.

❖ Organizational Strategy: The operational level strategy for the Ministry of Agricultural Development and its programs has been outlined, considering the Somaliland National Development Plan (NDPII) and the Ministry’s Master Plan.

Activity 26 - Human Resource Management Activities

Human resources are the most important assets of organization. The performance of the Ministry is largely dependent on the ability of the staff working in the Ministry. Having accurate data on the number of employees is an important step in the planning of staffing. It forms the foundation for the most important processes in Human Resource Management. The HR department recognized the need to have this basis and implemented the following tasks:

❖ Job descriptions: The next step has been the development of basic job descriptions for all relevant positions within the Ministry, which covers responsibilities and the extent of decision making. All the documents related to this have been developed and completed

❖ Performance evaluation tool: Human resource performance measurement tools to evaluate the performance of the Ministry’s staff have been developed to ensure appropriate staff placement and orientations for staff requirements.

❖ Staff count: The department implemented MoAD employee headcount throughout the country in collaboration with the Civil Service Commission. The information related to the number of employees, position, job status, and characteristics such as experience, age, gender and scale has been recorded. The following results have been produced:

Page 35 of 119

o The total number of MoAD employees have been recorded as 301 people. o 26 employees received a change of grade level/ scale o Establishment of a protocol office, completely furnished and equipped, has been undertaken o MoAD staff study sponsorship award procedure and process has been established o MoAD staff reward and incentives policies and procedures are in process.

Activity 27 - Agricultural land and water resources management and meteorological forecast

Meteorology, Land & Water is responsible for promoting sustainable use and management of agricultural land, soil and water resources and provisioning meteorological forecasts:

Provisioning of meteorological forecast and services

❖ The weather forecast and the commencement of the rainy season information has been disseminated to the public, which has been waited for after prolonged periods of severe droughts.

❖ Rehabilitation of weather forecast stations equipment including 5 automatic weather stations and 15 rain gauges throughout the regions and districts of the country. We managed to secure a budget for weather forecasting related projects in the 2018 National budget, as this was not included in previous annual budgets. This budget assisted in funding and scheduling activities and human resources to achieve essential goals for the ministry and the country. It also encouraged staff productivity and made it possible to procure new equipment to rehabilitate the weather forecast stations and to establish new stations.

❖ In order to achieve the objectives of collecting accurate meteorological data throughout the country, the ministry established 12 new stations throughout the regions and districts of the country, based on their priorities (priority area). Training of the staff for 12 new weather forecast stations has been completed. The staff of the weather station in Hargeisa received their training in June 2018 and the staff of the other regional and districts received their training in July 2018.

❖ The ministry took part in the raising of awareness regarding Cyclone Sagar, which made landfall along the coastal areas and western regions of Somaliland. The department provided up to date hourly information of cyclone risks to the public through various media communication channels.

❖ The weather forecast of the rainy season of 2018 was promising. We expected twice as much rainfall this year compared to the prolonged periods of drought of the last couple of years. Rainfall data have been extracted from the information collected from 42 weather stations as shown below table.

Page 36 of 119

Agricultural land, soil and water resources management

❖ The technical experts of the department took part in the launch of the Spate irrigation project. The implementation has been awarded to three construction companies of which two withdrew from the project and only one company is currently left to implement it.

❖ The number of land ownership certificates that were issued:

Table 4: Number of land ownership certificates issued per region

Region No. of land ownership certificates Awdal 16 Maroodi-Jeex 58 Saaxil 21 Togdheer 28 Sool 3 Sanaag 0 TOTAL 126 Source: MoAD

❖ The department received copies of the following issued court and legal files:

Table 5: Issued court and legal files regarding land ownership received by MoAD

Institution No. of court and legal files Hargeisa Regional court 4 Burao Regional court 1 Ministry of Public Works - Hargeisa office 1 MoAD - Burao office 1 MoAD - Berbera office 1 TOTAL 8 Source: MoAD

Most of the above legal files have been processed.

❖ The office of the Director General of the ministry issued an official publication, establishing the Farmland Arbitration and Resolution Committee of the ministry, consisting of 5 members.

❖ The office of the Minister issued a public notice regarding the landownership taxation and landownership renewal process, adopted by the Ministry of Agricultural development and Ministry of Finance.

❖ The process of landownership certificate issuance has been improved in order to secure the issuance of the ownership certificate to the rightful owner and signatory because of the increasing disputes of ownership for the last couple of years.

❖ The ministry sent some of its staff to soil and water conservation courses offered by MAKELE University in Ethiopia, funded by GIZ Somaliland.

❖ The ministry completed a video clip production of Somaliland’s regions and districts map. A program of this production will be aired on the National TV and published on the Facebook page of the Ministry of Agricultural Development. A concert was also organized for the awareness of the population, which was shown on the SLNTV.

Page 37 of 119

Activity 28 - Research and Extension Services

❖ The ministry made a trial for six crops in an area of 2.5 hectare at the trial farm at the Aburiin Research Centre. The trial crops included Sorghum, Maize, Cowpea, Millet, Groundnut and Sesame. The trial has been successfully accomplished by the staff of the research department in collaboration with our partner IFAD.

❖ Seed multiplication was another activity, which has been implemented in the three regions Marodijeex, Gebilay and Awdal. A total of 129 ha was planted with Sorghum, Maize and Cowpea. This project (SOMASEED) has been funded by FAO. Although the yield production was low because of long dry spell, pests and diseases, we were still able to get results. The following seed quantities are kept in the Aburiin storage facility:

Table 6: Sorghum, Maize and Cowpea seed produced by SOMASEED project

Sorghum Maize Cowpea Cultivated Harvested Cultivated Harvested Cultivated Harvested area yield area yield area yield (hectares) (metric tons) (hectares) (metric tons) (hectares) (metric tons) 8 3.2 38 7.6 83 8.3 TOTAL 129 Hectares 19.1 metric tons Source: MoAD

❖ The ministry also implemented for the first time in 80 years since the establishment of Aburiin Research Centre a drilled water borehole, which is currently tested. The surplus water will be provided to and used by the community living near the centre during the drought season.

❖ The extension department provided training on Good Agricultural Practices (GAP), such as soil preparation (tilling), planting, harvesting, seed handling and storage, Integrated Pest Management (IPM), for 485 farmers in Aburiin centre, Togdheer and Oodwayne.

❖ MoAD launched the Tog-Wajaale trial cultivation project covering 700ha. The results of the trial have been lower than expected due to many factors, including late start of planting activities, traditional broadcasting/sowing, droughts, pests and diseases. Nevertheless, we gained good seeds of Wheat and Sorghum, which have been stored in Aburiin storage facility and also important fodder crops (Sorghum: 30MT; Wheat: 4MT; Maize: 500KG [0.5MT]; Fodder production: 2,400MT of which 600MT stored in Aburiin and 1,800MT used for feeding livestock at the field).

❖ The ministry also planted 15ha of Wheat for which seeds were obtained from Ethiopia. We harvested 4MT of seeds, which will be used next year in the Tog-Wajaale project.

Activity 29 - Plant protection activities

Plant protection is one of the core departments of the MoAD, tasked with crop protection, pest disease control and management, seed testing, certification and quarantine management. The activities related to these functions that have been implemented in 2018 are summarised below.

❖ With duly accorded high priority to agricultural development in Somaliland, a delegation from the Ministry of Agricultural Development, led by the Minister and the Director General, conducted a countrywide farmers’ assessment mission. The ministry believes that assessing the current status of agricultural farms and the collection of basic data are the most essential

Page 38 of 119

requirements for planning, policy formulation and action programs for improving the agricultural sector.

The mission covered the following regions, districts and areas of the country: Arabsiyo, Qabribaxar, Togdheer, Caynaba, Laascanood, Ceerigaabo, Daad-Madheedh, Cadaadlay, Baligubadle, Qoolcaday iyo, and Salaxlay. The visits have been a useful tool to conduct an appropriate assesment and the farmers informed the delegation of the main challenges they face, which are challenges related to shortage of water for irrigation farms and pest and diseases affecting crops.

❖ After completion of the assessment mission, the department of Plant Protection, led by the head of the department, outlined and action plan in order to address the challenges faced by the farmers. The following activities have been implemented in regard to this:

o Provision of information and guidance in prevention and control of pests and diseases in all the visited regions.

o Conducting training on pest and disease control for selected farmers from all the six regions. The training was implemented in collaboration with partner organizations, in particular with GIZ Somaliland. The training on pest and disease control included dangerous pests such as Tuta absoluta and Spider mites, which are devastating to tomato, citrus and papaya.

❖ The department of plant protection sent a desert locust survey and control team to conduct a desert locust survey in coastal and sub-coastal breading areas. The team conducted five desert locust surveys and undertook two locust controls in identified areas. The survey and control activities were funded by the MoAD in partnership with FAO.

❖ The department did awareness raising regarding an invasive crop pest called the Fall Armyworm (FAW) including training on monitoring, control and long-term management. The training has been provided for the MoAD staff, regional coordinators and the farmers in Awdal, Gebilay, and Daad Madheedh.

❖ The department conducted a post rainy season Fall Army Worm (FAW) impact assessment on crops in Gebilay, Maroodijeex, Daad Madheedh, Togdheer, Sanaag iyo, and Saaxil.

❖ The Plant Protection Department made field trips to farmers based in the three regions Maroodijeex, Awdal and Gabiley in order to register them for FAW mechanical control methods training. The ministry registered 1500 farmers in collaboration with FAO. The department concluded the training of farmers in the districts of Awdal region. The ministry is currently scheduling the FAW training for farmers in the other two regions.

❖ The GIZ office in Hargeisa, in consultation with two experts from the International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology (ICIPE), provided the staff of the Plant Protection Department with capacity building and training on pest and disease management of Root Rot and Spider mites in Papaya, which have been held in Maroodijeex and Saaxil region.

❖ The director of the Plant Protection Department, serving as the MoAD IPM officer, and another staff of MoAD, a Farmer Field School (FSS) trainer in the FAO Spate irrigation project, conducted visits in order to provide trial trainings to the FFS facilitators for farmers in project areas like Arabsiyo, Lafta Boqorka and Xidhin. The two provided training on prevention and control of pest and diseases in trial crops grown for demonstration purposes.

Page 39 of 119

Activity 30 - Enhancement of production and agricultural support services.

The Production Department is a core department within the MoAD and is tasked with the promotion of agricultural production and productivity through appropriate and sustainable agricultural technologies. The department implemented activities related to the above functions in order to meet the NDPII priorities, including the following:

❖ MoAD has been experimenting with a greenhouse built within the ministry in order to demonstrate to and entice farmers to utilize technology to boost local production. The ministry grows fruits and vegetables such as muskmelon, cucumber, tomato, carrots, eggplant, and salad. The greenhouse project has been implemented by the MOAD in partnership with GEEL Project funded by USAID.

❖ The ministry provided training on Good Agricultural Practice for many villages in different regions in Somaliland.

The below tables show statistics related to the 2018 agricultural season:

Table 7: Farmed land and Expected land to harvest in 2018

Farmed land (Ha) Expected land to harvest (Ha) 46,850 31,200 Source: MoAD

Table 8: Expected production harvest of 2018

Region/District/Area Expected Production (MT) Sorghum Maize Borama 2,400 400 Baki 1,200 280 Gabiley 10,500 800 Hargeysa 1,000 150 Oodweyne 1,500 0 Burco 500 0 Sheikh 250 0 TOTAL 17,350 1,630 Source: MoAD

The next table shows the actual production/ harvest of Somaliland in 2018:

Table 9: Actual production/harvest of Somaliland (2018 season)

Sorghum Region Production (MT) Awdal 2,000 Gabiley 6,200 Maroodi-jeex 150 Togdheer, Dadmadheedh and Sahil 2,250 TOTAL Sorghum 10,600 Maize Only Gabiley and Hargeisa 450

TOTAL Sorghum and Maize 11,050 Source: MoAD

Page 40 of 119

4.3.3 Next steps The ministry will continue with its pursue to meet its priorities outlined in NDPII in 2019. The ministry expects to implement the following activities in the first quarter of this year:

❖ Inception of the Agricultural Strategic and Regulatory Framework ❖ Revision of the National Agricultural Policy as a whole ❖ Revision of the Marketing Policy ❖ Formulation of a new Agricultural Extension Policy. ❖ Increase of production and other ministerial services to reach the regions of Sool and Sanaag. ❖ Establish a MoAD demonstration fruit tree nursery in Arabsiyo ❖ Distribution of water pipes and engine for victims of Sagar cyclone. ❖ Production of Wajaale farm will include vegetables and other cash crops.

4.4 Ministry of Livestock and Fishery Development

4.4.1 Roles and responsibilities The Ministry of Livestock and Fishery Development is mandated to livestock and Fishery development. The Ministry implements continuous animal health services, fishery and development of policies, regulations and strategies to guide the sub-sector. In 2018, we achieved implementation of activities from different projects which contribute to NDPII, some were from the continuation of the previous projects which were funded from different sources, including SDF and other NGOs working with the Ministry to support the sector.

The priority interventions that we covered in this progress report include livestock vaccination and treatment campaign conducted across Somaliland, livestock and fishery marketing infrastructure, policy documents that were formulated ,trainings of the stakeholders to scale up their knowhow on livestock and fishery production increase, distribution of fishing boats and the information that reveals the trends of the meat and fish production that is used locally as well as livestock export figures. 4.4.2 Progress LIVESTOCK

Activity 31 - Vaccination of 3 million goats against Contagious Caprine Pleuropneumonia

Contagious Caprine Pleuropneumonia (CCPP) is a highly contagious and severe respiratory disease of goats that is caused by Mycoplasma capricolum subspecies capri-pneumoniae (Mccp); Itis a mycoplasmal disease associated with high production losses and mortalities and impacts livelihoods of the livestock keepers negatively.

Hence, the Ministry of Livestock and Fishery Development considering the negative consequences of the disease and the need to support the resilience of the livestock keepers conducted a mass animal vaccination campaign across Somaliland to support prevention and control measures of the disease. MoL&FD did implement the intervention across the regions of Somaliland (with support from FAO).

❖ 3 million heads of goats were inoculated with vaccines to support antibody development of the susceptible goats. ❖ 47 mobile veterinary teams were deployed across Somaliland to conduct the vaccination program.

Page 41 of 119

❖ MoL&FD conducted Mass livestock disease surveillance to capture comprehensive data on the animal health situation across Somaliland. ❖ Staff numbering 250 persons participated in this intervention. ❖ 50,000 households benefited from this intervention.

Activity 32 - Livestock Treatment Campaign

Hence, the Ministry of Livestock and Fishery Development, considering the negative consequences of the diseases and the need to support the resilience of the livestock keepers, conducted concurrently with the livestock vaccination campaign a mass livestock treatment campaign across Somaliland to support the control measures of the disease. MoL&FD did implement the intervention across the regions of Somaliland.

❖ 50,000 households benefited from the treatment campaign. ❖ 2 million animals were treated against production –limiting diseases across Somaliland.

Activity 33 - Livestock marketing infrastructure

The Ministry of Livestock and Fishery Development (MoLFD), with the financial support of Africa Development Bank (AFDB), laid the foundation stone of:

❖ 10 animal certification points in Awdal, Maroodijeex, Togdheer, Sool (Wajaale, Salaxlay, Cayanabo, Laascaanood, Farawayne, Oodwayne, Balidhiig, iyo Qorilugud). ❖ 3 livestock laboratories in Laascaanood, Gabilay and Borama. ❖ 2 livestock markets in Burco and Borama to be rehabilitated.

The Ministry of Livestock and Fishery Development (MoL&FD), in collaboration with VSF-Germany, established:

❖ 3 meat markets, ❖ 3 milk markets, and ❖ 3 district slaughterhouses in Maroodijeex region (in Dacar budhuq, Salaxlay and Cadaadlay districts).

Activity 34 - Livestock Holding Grounds

The Livestock Holding Ground Project (LHGs) was implemented by the Ministry of Livestock and Fishery Development and funded under the Somaliland Development Fund (SDF). This project had three outputs.

1. MoL&FD and LHG staff capacitated and self-reliant, able to undertake livestock inspection, laboratory testing and LHG management. 2. LHG infrastructure in Aroori and Qool-Caday re-established and infrastructure at border veterinary inspection posts improved. In Qool-Caday component no fencing was done which was formerly in the plan due to community misunderstanding on the fencing. 3. Range rehabilitation plan for LHG developed and implemented.

This project achieved all the proposed outputs and was a successful story.

Activity 35 - Modern export abattoirs

A modern abattoir was established in Burco with the plan to run it through Public Private Partnership (PPP). The partners of the company include a private Malaysian company, Burco Municipality and a

Page 42 of 119 local meat butcher under the supervision and inspection of the Ministry of Livestock and Fishery Development in Somaliland.

The abattoir can process 200 cattle /camel’s per day, 2000 sheep and goats per day and is usable as cooling storage. The plan is to export meat to Malaysia throughout the year that meet the required food safety standards. Such establishment is in line with the increase of livestock marketing infrastructure, livestock access to international markets and ensure that food safety and quality control measures are applied by service providers involved in food handling, distribution and storage that meet the required food safety standards.

Another modern abattoir was established and opened in May 2018 in Berbera. The abattoir was financed and donated to Berbera, Somaliland by UAE. The establishment aim is to facilitate quality meat processing facilities in Berbera and meat destined for export. Such establishment is in line with the increase of livestock marketing infrastructure, livestock have access to international markets and ensure that food safety and quality control measures are applied by service providers involved in food handling, distribution and storage.

Activity 36 - Training of technical staff

Training workshops were delivered in four modules about the use of research data and information in public policy formulation, comprising of 4-day workshops over four months, covering the following content:

❖ Meaning of Public Policy ❖ How to Design Policy Research ❖ Collection of Actionable Data and Process of Data Analysis, ❖ Generation of Policy Reports and Policy Briefs ❖ Monitoring and evaluation.

It is envisaged that public officials who participated in these trainings will take an active role in the implementation of the Somaliland National Development Plan (2017 - 2021) as well as participate actively in the development of livestock related policies.

Fifteen (15) competent staff selected from the MoL&FD was given the trainings in two events.

Activity 37 - Training of Community Animal Health Workers

There is an increasing body of evidence from remote areas of Somaliland that community-based services can provide effective animal health care for pastoral communities. Although used initially by non-governmental organisations in the1970s on a relatively small-scale, community-based animal health systems now cover a substantial area of Somaliland and are found in pastoral areas of Somaliland, which focus on putting in place veterinary services, which are reachable, affordable and equally distributed in the pastoral and agro pastoral areas of the country, to support livestock disease reporting, disease risk reduction, notification of Trans-boundary Animal Diseases (TADs) across the country. Somaliland is a major player in terms of the livestock economy in the Horn of Africa.

Hence, the Ministry of Livestock and Fishery Development, in collaboration with FAO, World Vision, GIZ, ICRC and ADO, trained community animal health workers in the regions of Togdheer, Maroodijeex, Saaxil and Sanaag.

Page 43 of 119

Table 10: Number of Community Animal Health workers (CAHWs) trained per region

Togdheer Awdal Saaxil Sool Sanaag Indicator description Maroodijeex TOTAL No. of CAHW trained 20 10 0 18 0 20 68 Source: MoLFD

Activity 38 - Meat consumption

The table below shows the number of animals slaughtered in the same period for other cities:

Table 11: Number of animals slaughtered in urban centres in the first semester of 2018

City Sheep and goats Camels Cattle Total Hargeisa 181.289 12,673 16,337 210,299 Burco 78,120 6266 0 84,386 Berbera 4,929 677 0 5,606 Borama 49,500 8,100 1,800 54,900 Ceerigaabo No data 0 0 0 Laascaanood No data 0 0 0 Total 313,838 27,716 18,137 179,003 Source: MoLFD

The table below shows the monthly details for Hargeisa over the same period:

Table 12: Number of animals slaughtered in Hargeisa per month (first semester 2018)

Month Sheep and goats Camels Cattle Total January 33,374 2,216 2,543 38,133 February 29,307 1,957 2,232 33,496 March 31,501 2,096 2,624 36,221 April 28,089 1,993 2,360 32,442 May 29,680 2,494 3,722 35,896 June 29,338 1,917 2,856 34,111 Total 181,289 12,673 16,337 210,299 Source: MoLFD

The average weight per animal used to estimate consumption is 25 kg for sheep and goats, 350 kgs for camels and 300 kgs for cattle. Hence, the total quantity of meat consumed in Hargeisa over the period is 13,868,875kgs = 13,9 tons:

❖ Sheep and goats = 4,532,225 kgs of meat ❖ Camels = 4,435,550 kgs of meat ❖ Cattle = 4,901,100 kgs of meat

Activity 39 - Livestock export

Livestock export is a major source of foreign currency earnings, employment creation and income for Somaliland people. The livestock export was disrupted by the livestock export ban by the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA). As shown by this table the export figures of animals went down but then increased considerably in the months of May and June.

Page 44 of 119

Table 13: Number of animals exported in the first semester of 2018 (Heads)

Month Sheep and goats Camels Cattle Total January 15,508 9,816 0 25,324 February 23,160 10,424 0 33,584 March 13,262 7,793 253 21,308 April 8,546 8,659 184 17,389 May 23,488 7,967 0 31,455 June 83,363 13,735 0 97,098 Total 167,327 58,394 437 226,158 Source: MoLFD

Activity 40 - Restocking for impoverished livestock keepers

In 2016 and 2017 a devastating drought took place in Somaliland which hampered the livelihoods of the livestock keepers. Hence, it was the priority of the Ministry of Livestock and Fishery Development to resettle the livestock keepers so as to keep the livestock production go on and prevent formation of IDPs.

In collaboration with GIZ LIP project 360 households in 8 villages were supported through a restocking program. Each household received 15-20 small ruminants. The program provided a total of 6,600 animals to the impoverished households. A total of eight (8) villages benefited from the intervention. Also, a total of four (4) earth dams were rehabilitated and 10 Barkets were rehabilitated and 3 Barkets were newly constructed for livestock and human use. FISHERIES

Activity 41 - Training of fishery technicians

The Ministry of Livestock and Fishery Development adheres high importance to provide continuous professional development to fishery cadres across the country to increase the available workforce with fishing skills and also to employment creation for youth and increase the tonnage of fish harvested (food security) in Somaliland.

Hence, the MoL&FD, in collaboration with Fair-fishing, trains 8 fishery technicians every month. The training is based on the following:

❖ Sea safety ❖ Fishing gear and fishing methods ❖ Catch, quality control, processing and fishery business management ❖ Land-based jobs in fishery for youth not suited for at work at sea ❖ Equipment repair and production ❖ Marketing, preparation and sale of fish.

From January to June2018 a total of 48 fishery technicians have achieved the full training package and are ready for fishing.

Activity 42 - Rehabilitation of Berbera fish jetty

The Ministry of Livestock and Fishery Development, with the support of FAO, rehabilitated the Berbera Fishing jetty. The fish jetty is an important infrastructure supporting all fishing vessels to anchor without hindrance. It minimised the long queue and jam of the vessels, which in the past used to waste hours from fishers, due to the previous congested jetty. The new jetty increased the efficiency of the

Page 45 of 119 fish production, offloading, loading and access to the market. The average quantity of fish unloaded is 116 tons/month.

Activity 43 - Fishing boats given to fishing cooperatives

The Ministry of Livestock and Fishery Development handed over seven (7) fishing vessels to the fishing cooperatives of Saylac, Berbera, Xiis, Maydh, Laas qoray, the Berbera-based maritime Academy and Maydh. MoL&FD intended these fish vessels to increase the number of artisanal fishers in the sea that actively fish from the Somaliland coastal line and Ministry policy is to increase tonnage of fish produced from Somaliland sea water 20% by the year of 2021.

Activity 44 - Onshore facilities established

MoL&FD in collaboration with SDF funded project and Fair Fishing achieved the following onshore facilities:

❖ 3 icemakers and 3 cold storage rooms, management offices, and a new building for the regional office was established in Maydh. ❖ 120 fishers and stakeholders were trained 3 times in Sanaag. ❖ A Boat and Engine Workshop was rehabilitated in the NECFISH of Berbera. The Workshop is planned to repair all fishing boats and their engines to promote fisheries and fish catch increase. ❖ MoL&FD, with the support of Fair-fishing, established onshore facilities consisting of one icemaker, one cold storage, the Bulahar office was renovated, 3 refrigerators were put in place and 3 fish insulators powered by solar systems. The project also funded the fish market in Burco, one icemaker, and one reefer container. One cold station was also established in Laas qoray with one cold storage and two icemakers. In Berbera, one icemaker was established, and a new generator was put in place. ❖ In Zeila, a 3 tons icemaker facility and generator were put in place.

As these outputs were established, the artisanal fishers gained bargaining power, the sea fishing areas /distance of local fishers increased, fish production increased, fish post-harvesting losses reduced and the confidence of the fishers to have access to the market improved. In the past, fishers did not have reliable access to cold chain systems, and this resulted in high post-harvesting losses.

Activity 45 - Regulatory framework and Policies formulated and updated

It includes the government mandates that implementable policies and strategies with the vision of the government are put in place to realise the desired goals and objectives and regulatory framework that protects the rights of all stakeholders as facilitation role of preparing conducive environment for the private and public sectors.

Against this backdrop, the Ministry achieved the following interventions:

❖ The Fish quality control Act (draft) was submitted to the cabinet Ministers and then to the parliaments. ❖ Fishery law, 1995 was updated and is being translated. ❖ Fishery strategic document was drafted, prepared and is complete for wider rollout. ❖ Fishery policy was drafted and is ready to be submitted to the cabinet Ministers. ❖ Animal Production Strategy formulated. ❖ National Livestock Quarantine Act formulated. ❖ National Livestock policy, acts, and National Veterinary Code Reviewed.

Page 46 of 119

❖ Animal Production Strategy. ❖ National Livestock Quarantine Act.

Activity 46 - Fish catch from Berbera, Saylac and Sanaag from January to June, 2018.

The table below shows the registered fish catch from Berbera, Saylac and Sanaag in the first semester of 2018:

Table 14: Registered fish catch from Berbera, Saylac and Sanaag in the 1st semester of 2018 (tons)

City Fish catch (tons)

Berbera 1,640.5

Saylac 321.8

Sanaag 61.9

Total 2,024.2

Source: MoLFD

The average yearly fish catch in Somaliland including licensed foreign fishing vessels used to be about 4,000 tons.

The Fair Fishing Station in Berbera has registered a decreased quantity of fish in the first quarter of 2018. However, the level of registered fish is still high, and the station has registered 142 tons in January, 106 tons in February, and 99 tons in March. This gives an average of 116 tons/month in this quarter – more than double than the average for the same period in 2017. A seasonal fish decrease in catch corresponds with the yearly weather changes and growing monsoon winds that lead to lower fishery activities.

Activity 47 - Establish and protect seawater seasonal reserves

Roughly half of the fisheries production from Somaliland sea water is from artisanal fishermen. Most of the remainder used to derive from licensed foreign trawlers used for exploiting demersal fish in depths from 20 to 70 m, and deep-water lobster and shrimp.

There have been no assessments of the resources available to the artisanal fishermen. Having in mind the relatively small numbers of fishermen and the very low population density along much of the coastline, it was prioritized that the artisanal catch would increase substantially and that fishery policies protect the Somaliland sea water in favour of the local production increase.

Considering the fragile situation of Somaliland marine resources, and the existence of foreign illegal, unreported and unregulated fishing, Hon. Hassan Mohamed Ali, the Minister of Livestock and Fishery Development, issued a Ministerial Decree that prohibited all foreign trawlers used for exploiting demersal fish in depths from 20 to 70 m. The Decree ordered that only local artisanal fishers make use of the sea for fishing, and that resources are reserved for a period to revitalize the already overfished fish stock.

Following the Ministerial Decree, Berbera based fishers reported a fish production increase/improvement and good performance although accurate statistics on daily catch are still not available.

Page 47 of 119

Data gaps:

❖ Catch per Unit Effort ❖ Species Composition ❖ Areas of Fishing Ground ❖ Productivities per Unit Area ❖ Seawater Resource Assessments 4.4.3 Next steps The priority interventions in the next semester include:

❖ Rehabilitation of livestock demonstration and fodder production centres. ❖ improve livelihood of artisanal fisheries alongside the coastal line to increase food security. ❖ Strengthening animal health services in Somaliland. ❖ Improving food security and resilience of the drought affected community through sustainable fishery production.

The priority projects listed above are focused on increasing income of the livestock keepers, fishers, food security and increase employment opportunities, the resilience of the stakeholders against the recurrent shocks. These projects will consolidate the achievements and impact of the SDF phase one - funded projects on livestock and fishery and will strengthen the capacity of the institutions of the production sector.

Page 48 of 119

5 Infrastructure sector

5.1 Government institutions linked to the sector

The following government institutions are part of the infrastructure sector: o Ministry of Transport and Roads Development o Roads Development Agency o Ministry of Communication and Technology o Ministry of Public Works, Land and Housing o Somaliland Ports Authority o Civil Aviation and Airports Management Authority

5.2 NDP II sector outcome

The table below provides a summary overview of activities that have during the reporting period contributed to the achievement of NDP II outcomes of the sector. More detailed information about each activity is available in the section “Activities” under each contributing government institution.

Table 15: ACTIVITIES CONTRIBUTING TO OUTCOME – INFRASTRUCTURE SECTOR

Outcome NDP II Outcome description Contributing activities during code the reporting period

SDG9: Build resilient infrastructure, promote inclusive and sustainable industrialization and foster innovation

INF_09_01 By 2021, the Government of Somaliland will Activities 48, 49, 50, 51, 52, increase 2% of rural population living within 2km 53, 56, 57 to motorable roads for all seasons (1km Road/ population)

INF_09_02 By 2021, the Government of Somaliland will Activities 56, 72, 73 decrease the traffic volume in the urban areas by 25% through developing urban road networks

INF_09_03 By 2021, Somaliland will expand Ports and increase Activities 62, 63, 64, 65, 66 jetties capacity by 33%

INF_09_04 By 2021, Somaliland will increase the capacity of Activities 58,59, 60, 61 national air flight transportation services by 50%

INF_09_05 By 2021, the Government of Somaliland will have increased funding into scientific research on technological advancement within the Somaliland Roles and responsibilities by 10%

INF_09_06 By 2021, increasing the number of engineers and Activity 56 skilled technical specialists working in the Infrastructure Sector by 20%

Page 49 of 119

INF_09_07 By 2021, the Government of Somaliland will increase the share of national budget and stakeholders funding allocated to the development of infrastructure sector by 10%

INF_09_08 By 2021, the Government of Somaliland will Activities 68, 69, 70, 71 increase universal and affordable access to relevant information and communications technology by 15%

SDG11: Make cities and human settlements inclusive, safe, resilient and sustainable

INF_11_01 By 2021, increase access for all residence to Activities 72, 73, 74 adequate, safe and affordable housing by 20%

INF_11_02 By 2021, the Government of Somaliland will Activities 67, 72, 74 decrease the proportion of the population living in slums by 30%

INF_11_03 By 2021, improve access to safe, affordable, Activities 72, 73 accessible and sustainable terrestrial transport systems by 20%, with special attention to the needs of those in vulnerable situations, women, children, persons with disabilities and older persons

INF_11_04 By 2021, the Government of Somaliland will ensure Activities 72, 73 that at least 30% of the cities that has inclusive and sustainable urban planning and management in 23 main (electoral) districts

INF_11_05 By 2021, 30% of the urban population will have Activities 72, 73 universal access to safe, inclusive and accessible, green and public spaces, in particular for women and children, elderly and persons with disabilities

INF_11_06 By 2021, 20% of construction sites will be Activity 74 monitored using quality control mechanisms

Compiled by: M&E Department, MoPND 5.3 Ministry of Transport and Roads Development

5.3.1 Roles and responsibilities The Ministry of Transport and Road Development was established in 2017, when the current government took office. It is responsible for all affairs related to land, marine, and air transport. This includes the construction and rehabilitation of roads and bridges in Somaliland. It’s also mandated to formulate policies and provide strategic guidance to the institutions under its supervision, namely the Somaliland Road Development Authority and the Somaliland Civil Aviation Authority.

Page 50 of 119

5.3.2 Progress ROADS

Activity 48 - Construction of the Erigavo-Ina Afmadoobe Road

Roads are important and make a crucial contribution to economic growth and bring important social benefits. To achieve that the Ministry and the Roads Development Agency restarted the construction of the road between Burao and Erigavo, which is funded and implemented by the Somaliland Government. Work has been done on 42 km, of which 14 km is fully completed and an additional 28km has been fully paved.

Activity 49 - Rehabilitation of the Haleeya to Macaneya Road.

This road was constructed in 1976 and the lifespan of this road to sustain secure transport is almost finished. The Ministry of Transport, through the Roads Development Agency, is funding the rehabilitation of this road between Haleeya to Macaneya.

Activity 50 - Rehabilitation of Miridho bridge

The Ministry of Transport, together with the Road Development Agency, is mandated to construct and repair new and existing bridge structures according to the transportation needs of the country. This multi component process must lead to the fulfilment of all conditions related to the safe utilization of all existing bridges. Miridho is a bridge between Hargeisa and Berbera, which have been out of service for a long time as it was damaged and deteriorated due to environmental factors like floods leading to traffic accidents. The ministry has implemented its role of assessing the damage, finding funds, and has completed the repair of the bridge.

Activity 51 - Ongoing rehabilitation and maintenance of Sheikh Mount

To sustain the existing main road to Sheikh, the Ministry of Transport has a group of engineers, who are responsible for the continuous monitoring and maintenance of Sheikh Mount. These teams are guiding the clearing, repairing, and drainage of the mount in order to avoid the destruction of this road, which is more serious than other roads.

Activity 52 - Rehabilitation of Roads linking Las-Canod and Tukoraq

This road from Las Canod to Tukoraq was not in the strategic plan of the Ministry because flash floods often destroy part of the road leading to difficult transportation between Tukoraq and Las Canod. The Ministry of Transport, together with the Road Development Agency, has made an action plan to design the rehabilitation of the road, find funding, and repair the road. This contract was not implemented by the Road Development Agency, but it supervised the process to find a local construction company that has successfully won the bid for the rehabilitation of this road.

Activity 53 - Repair the damage caused by Tropical Cyclone Sagar

The largest concentration of fatalities was reported in the coastal areas of Galbeed and Awdal, where the cyclone made landfall. Houses were destroyed, livestock washed away and some roads connecting the Awdal region have been damaged. The Ministry of Transport has sent equipment to put these roads back in good condition.

Page 51 of 119

OTHER INTERVENTIONS

Activity 54 - Redesign of Driving Licenses, Vehicle Circulation Books, and Number Plates

The Ministry of Transport provides driving licenses, vehicle circulation books, and number plates in order to control the overall transport in the country. In order to improve the registration system these were redesigned and modified.

Activity 55 - Registration of Government Vehicles

This activity aims to improve the system for the registration, maintenance, and control of government vehicles. In one month 90% of government vehicles were registered by using modern technology.

Activity 56 - Policies, Strategies and Regulatory framework

The Ministry achieved the following interventions:

❖ The Government Transport Policy was finalized and will be part of the National Transport Policy. ❖ The Road Safety Act Lr 56was updated and amended. ❖ The Maritime Transport Act was drafted and is ready to be submitted to Cabinet. ❖ The Transport Association Regulation was developed. ❖ The 5-year Strategic Plan of the Ministry of transport and Road Development was developed. 5.4 Roads Development Agency

5.4.1 Roles and Responsibilities Road transport is the principal mode of transport used for the movement of goods and people in Somaliland. The Somaliland road network is estimated to consist of around 1,000 km of paved roads/ tarmac roads, 1,225 km of unpaved roads, and approximately 6,800 km of unpaved roads/wheel truck roads. The majority of these roads are considered to be in a state of disrepair owing to lack of maintenance.

The Somaliland Roads Authority was established in 2012. The overall objective of the Somaliland Road Development Authority (RDA) or Agency is the construction of standardized roads, secure the permanent maintenance of the road network, road safety protection, and citizens' awareness to take part in the construction of roads. 5.4.2 Progress Activity 57 - Road construction, rehabilitation and maintenance

Table 16: Road construction, reabilitation and maintenance activities in 2018

No Name of the Project Distance Type of Work Financed by Implemented by (km) Implemented 1 Construction of 50 Km Pavement Somaliland Somaliland Roads Burao-Erigavo Road /Tarmac Road Government Development Agency (RDA)

Page 52 of 119

2 Road assessment of: Somaliland Somaliland Roads • Burco-Lascanood- Government Development Agency Tukoraq 350 Km (RDA) • Hargeisa-Burco 280 Km Assessments • Hargeisa-Wajaale 80 Km • Sager Cyclone Awdal Region 2280 Km 3 Road maintenance 220 Km Modern Somaliland Somaliland Roads between maintenance Government Development Agency Hargeisa-Sheikh. (RDA)

4 Road maintenance 80 Km Modern Somaliland Somaliland Roads between maintenance Government Development Agency Hargeisa-Wajaale. (RDA)

5 Road maintenance 52 Km Full Somaliland Somaliland Roads between Rehabilitation Government Development Agency Lasanod--Tukaraq and (RDA) Is-Xilqaan Company 6 Maintenance and 9 Km Full Somaliland Somaliland Roads Clearance of Sheikh Rehabilitation Government Development Agency Mountain and (RDA) Drainage 7 Maintenance of Full Rehab, Somaliland Somaliland Roads Miridho Culvert in Culvert Government Development Agency Hamaas Area. (RDA)

8 Maintenance of KALA- Full Rehab. Somaliland Somaliland Roads JAB & DUBUR Bridge. Bridge Government Development Agency In a Road Between (RDA) Berbera and Buro 9 Maintenance of Full Rehab, Somaliland Somaliland Roads Cabaad wayne Irish Culvert Government Development Agency cross at Hargeisa – (RDA) Berbera 10 Maintenance of 280 Km Maintenance Somaliland Somaliland Roads Awdal Roads at Sagar Government Development Agency Cyclones (RDA)

11 Assessment/complete 150Km Laboratory Test Somaliland Somaliland Roads laboratory tests in Government Development Agency road Berbera- Al-Asab (RDA) and Al-Asal Hargeisa (soil tests Company Company and surveys in Berbera Corridor and Berbera –Wajaale Corridor) 12 Opened Ceremony by Ceremony GIZ Somaliland Roads the traffic control Development Agency regulatory for (RDA) , GIZ iyo Y-PEER excessive loads 13 Implementation of 1.2Km Asphalt RDA/JPLG/LG Somaliland Roads Roads Pavement Development Agency Decentralization (RDA) and ILO (JPLG) at Berbera

Page 53 of 119

14 Implementation of 1Km Construction RDA/JPLG/LG Somaliland Roads Roads Development Agency Decentralization (RDA) and ILO (JPLG) at Borama 15 Laboratory Tests for 3Km Laboratory Tests RDA/JPLG/LG Somaliland Roads all Roads Development Agency implemented by JPLG (RDA) 16 Trainings of building Trainings GIZ Somaliland Roads road skills and Development Agency university students (RDA) Iyo Care International. 17 Quality Control and 8 Km Training and ILO-JPLG Somaliland Roads monitoring for JPLG supervision Development Agency projects of all districts (RDA) and ILO 18 Laboratory tests for 70 Laboratory AL Asab Somaliland Roads Project Berbera Locations Development Agency corridor to Wajaale (RDA) and AL Asab Road Company 20 Repair and Repair Somaliland Somaliland Roads Maintenance of RDA Government Development Agency Transport Equipment (RDA) 21 Old Baki-Teeb 32 Km Clearance Somaliland Somaliland Roads Government Development Agency (RDA) 22 Road between Cali - 36 Km Clearance Somaliland Somaliland Roads Xaydh - Gabilay Government Development Agency (RDA) 23 Training of capacity Training and Somaliland Somaliland Roads building road skills monitoring Government Development Agency and university & Swedish (RDA) and Swedish students Government Government Source: RDA 5.5 Civil Aviation and Airport Authority

5.5.1 Roles and responsibilities The Civil Aviation and Airports Authority is mandated to create an enabling and sustainable environment to provide safe and secure air services in all airports in Somaliland through improved infrastructural facilities and efficient manpower.

Somaliland has two international airports, that is Egal (Hargeisa) and Berbera International Airports, and five Regional Airports namely Borama, Kala Baydh, Burao, Las Anod and Erigavo.

During the post conflict era, that is 1991 up to now, Somaliland has made important strives to make the two major airports up to international standards. Construction is expected to start in the beginning of 2019 of a new civil airport near Berbera, which is financed by the UAE.

The five mentioned regional airports have been identified as major domestic airports and it is planned to upgrade them with improved runways and terminal facilities. The capacity of these regional airports is underutilized. The planned improvements will enhance access to services for citizens at regional capitals.

Currently, there are four major Somali-owned and operated fleets namely Africa Airways, Daallo Airlines, Walya Airways and JUBBA Airlines. There is another regional airline called Ocean Airlines and

Page 54 of 119 four international commercial airlines, namely Air Djibouti, Ethiopian Airlines, Air Arabia and Fly-Dubai, providing almost daily flights from Djibouti, Addis Ababa, Dubai, Nairobi, and Kampala.

Furthermore, there are a few ad-hoc charter flights and a small fleet of United Nations (UNHAS) and European Commission Humanitarian (ECHO) flights, linking neighbouring countries and within the regions of Somaliland and Somalia/Puntland.

Passengers and commercial flights have been growing steadily at an annual rate of 10 – 20% from 2011 to 2017, while the amount of commercial cargo consignments destined to Somaliland airports have increased due to the improved and enhanced security system installed with the financial and technical assistance of the Foreign Commonwealth Office (FCO) UK, located within the British Embassy in Addis Ababa, through Adam Smith International (ASI) and the incredible growth of travellers in and out of Hargeisa. 5.5.2 Progress Activity 58 - Development of International Airports

The following activities have been implemented at the Hargeisa airport:

❖ Maintenance and re-construction of parts of the Hargeisa Airport runway and its parking areas. ❖ The responsibility and management for the security machines, staff and services of the security and parking facilities in Hargeisa airport has been taken over by the Civil Aviation and Airports Authority. ❖ Upgrading of conditions at the Hargeisa terminal, including seats for travellers and separate VIP-rooms (in and out-bound)

Activity 59 - Development of Regional Airports

The Authority has done a survey with the aim to find a strategic location to establish a new civil airport in the region of Saaxil, financed by the United Arab Emirates (UAE).

Activity 60 - Institutional capacity building

The Authority has won the Air Traffic Control License after employees benefitted from long-term training in Ethiopia and gained sufficient working experience (10 staff in Air Traffic Control, and 3 staff in the relevant Information System).

The meteorology systems at the Authority’s main office and the Hargeisa airport centres have been updated.

Activity 61 - Passenger movements

During the period from January to June 2018, the consolidated flight and passenger (In & Out) and Cargo data captured are identified in the following table:

Table 17: Passenger and cargo movements in the 1st semester of 2018

S/N Month T/Flight Arrival Departure Total In Out Total Passengers Passengers Passengers Cargo Cargo Cargo (Kg) (kg) (Kg) 01. Jan 363 10,275 11,501 21,776 100,798 0 100,798 02. Feb 292 9,222 10,384 19,606 45,517 0 45,517 03. Mar 279 10,115 10,738 20,853 46,866 0 46,866 04. Apr 244 9,606 9,538 19,144 104,273 1,739 106,012

Page 55 of 119

05. May 296 11,158 10,164 21,322 119,030 4,009 123,039 06. Jun 246 13,596 9,458 23,054 62,947 135 63,083 Total 1,720 63,972 61,783 125,755 479,431 5,883 485,314 Source: CAAA

The passengers and commercial flights have been relatively growing when comparing the 2018 data with the 2017 data over the same period. 5.6 Somaliland Port Authority

5.6.1 Roles and responsibilities The Berbera Port Authority was created under presidential decree RSLP/BPT-12.7001/994 dated 27th of September1994.The decree mandates the Somaliland Port Authority with the sole power to regulate and manage all the ports in the Republic of Somaliland.

The port of Berbera was previously administered by the Berbera Port Authority (BPA) which is a public institution directly accountable to the government of Somaliland. However, with the DP World Berbera Port deal in 2016, the management of the Berbera Port was transferred to the DP World Berbera company.

DP World and the Republic of Somaliland agreed in principle on a deal which would give DP a 30-year concession with an automatic 10-year extension for the management and development of the multipurpose port project at Berbera. The investment for Berbera Port was estimated at U$442 Million dollars. Somaliland will provide 30% of the investment in the Berbera Port, whilst Ethiopia 19% and United Arab Emirates (DP World) the remaining 51%.

DP World Berbera fully manages the port, providing import and export services for the containers, cargo, and livestock. They provide also handling and storage.

The Somaliland Ports Authority provides marine services, including i) Vessel traffic management, ii) Support to navigations, iii) Pilotage and towage, iv) Mooring and unmooring, v) Anchorage facilities, vi) Dredging, vii) Berthing, and viii) Harbour master duties. 5.6.2 Progress Activity 62 - Handling of traffic

Between 1st of July 2017 and 30th of June 2018 there has been in-berthing and out-berthing of 100 container vessels (number of containers =104,496 TEUs), 88 general cargo vessels (GC&B/B Tonnage = 876,490) and 545 dhows. The total Livestock head counts in this period was 1,649,285.

Activity 63 - Supply of equipment

Equipment acquired in the period includes 3 new mobile cranes, 6 new reach stackers, 18 new internal transport vehicles, 5 new empty container handlers, 10 ITV with additional 8 new chassis for ITV, 8 light forklifts, and the Tug boat "Egal" handed over to S.P.A. in August 2018.

Activity 64 - DP World Berbera company progress

DP World supplied the necessary equipment to the Port, which made the Port more effective efficient and competitive;

Page 56 of 119

The Survey and Master Plan for Port Expansion has been completed. The tender has been finalized and awarded to an Emirates based construction company. The awarded company signed the contract and a ground-breaking ceremony took place in Berbera Port;

Since September 2017, the port throughput has been increased by 30% for containers and 40% for General Cargo.

Berbera port is the one of the largest employers of thousands of local employees. These employees receive substantial salaries and their rights have been protected. DP world and SPA are working together enhancing the health and safety issues in the Port and implement new safety policies. As a result, incidents in the port leading to injuries or fatalities decreased.

Activity 65 - Somaliland Ports Authority capacity building

The following capacity building activities have been implemented:

❖ 70 marine staff have been provided with uniforms, safety jackets and PPE material; ❖ Technical and skills training has been provided. Operators, tallies, signalmen, lashers and labourers training by DP World Operations Centre experts is in progress; ❖ Implementation of the new Financial System has been completed. ❖ Implementation of the new Terminal Operating System has started, including on-site billing system. ❖ Implementation of the Enterprise Asset Management System, used by workshop and procurement personnel, has started.

Activity 66 - Safety rules and regulations enhancement

❖ Health and safety trainings have been conducted and measures have been adopted and implemented, including wearing PPE material, car/lorry stickers and metal detectors inside the port. ❖ An assessment has been conducted for the prevention and control of fire by the Somaliland Fire Brigade and recommendations were submitted. ❖ Starting to provide training of casual porters that are used in the port of Berbera. ❖ Successfully concluded the “Go-Green” initiative consisting on collecting plastic residues around the port area. ❖ Starting the campaign of making the community and employees aware about the effects of abuse of Khat consumption.

Activity 67 - Support to community development

Berbera port contributes to the local and national community development projects taking place in Somaliland and focuses on health care, education and supplying clean water:

❖ Sponsorship of 12 schools, the maritime academy, and 2 hospitals. Community support of SHL 212,000,000 and 15,000 USD per month. ❖ DP World made a USD 2 Million USD donation to help increase water availability and improve capabilities and facilities in Berbera hospital. ❖ In addition to that, DP World provided 4.5 million litres of water to 15,000 people and livestock in the Saaxil region and supplied 3,000 families with food and distributed 34 tons of dates to the people of Somaliland.

Page 57 of 119

5.6.3 Next steps The investment of up to $101 million will include a first phase of a 400-metre quay and 250,000 square meter of yard extension, and the acquisition of gantry cranes and reach stackers to handle containers and cargo. Construction of the quay extension is expected to start beginning 2019 and the contraction of the terminal will take 24 months to complete.

A free zone will be built in the first phase to create a new regional trading hub. The 12 square kilometre free zone is to be modelled on Dubai’s Jebel Ali Free Zone (Jafza), the region’s biggest free zone, and will aim to attract investments and trade in warehousing, logistics, manufacturing and related businesses.

A dry dock will be built in Berbera port for vessels/ships requiring emergency repair and maintenance services. Also, a new passenger jetty will be built for local and international passengers and the current multipurpose terminal is to be renovated and equipped. 5.7 Ministry of Communication and Technology

5.7.1 Roles and responsibilities The mandate of the Ministry of Communication and Technology (MoCT) is to secure the provision of high-quality Communication, Technology and Postal Services for the Somaliland People at an affordable price. The Ministry has been actively advocating for a positive change in society by connecting the Somaliland People to knowledge and resources, which will enable them to improve the quality of their lives.

The Somaliland Government aims to establish a stable and democratic political environment, rule of law, and a favourable regulatory environment for business. To materialize its plans as dictated in the NDP II, the Ministry has first and foremost put in place a suitable organizational structure, which helps the Ministry tackle the communication and technology problems in the country. In its efforts to modernize the Somaliland society the Ministry of Communications and Technology hasthus registered the following milestones: 5.7.2 Progress Activity 68 - Information and Communication Technology (ICT)

The Ministry of Communication and Technology has succeeded in connecting some key institutions of the country using Video conferencing and communication rooms (Presidential palace, Ministry of Interior, Ministry of Trade, Industry and Tourism, and Ministry of Foreign Affairs and International Cooperation. The video conferencing rooms are expected to facilitate better connection between these ministries. In addition, the Ministry has also supplied sophisticated equipment into these rooms and offers free internet serves to such rooms with the support of the World Bank group.

Activity 69 - Postal Service

The Ministry has for the first time successfully launched the postal services mainly to the government institutions. The postal services launched for the government institutions will bridge the document sharing gaps in all the government institutions, which sometimes put on hold important public services due to the inability to efficiently send important documents to their destination. We anticipate this will be a sustainable solution to the above-mentioned problem.

Page 58 of 119

Activity 70 - Telecom

The Ministry of Communication and Technology led a team, including representatives from the National Telecommunications Operators and the Ministry of Health, that visited Kenya to help them understand better how to deal with the radiation emissions from the towers the telecommunications operators use. The team has met their counterpart Ministries and Telecommunications Operators in Kenya and had fruitful discussions with them.

Activity 71 - Capacity Building MoCT

The Ministry has organised activities that contribute to capacity building of all Secretaries of the Ministry to enhance their office management skills, and enable the participants to:

❖ Prioritize and cope with multiple tasks without missing deadlines ❖ Think like a Manager – planning, making decisions and solving problems ❖ Manage their thoughts and feelings to improve self-confidence and self-empowerment ❖ Communicate effectively and assertively at all levels and in all situations ❖ Manage paperwork, diaries, meetings, presentations, and phones more effectively ❖ Using Computer applications effectively 5.7.3 Next steps The priority interventions in the next semester include:

❖ Postal Service Policy ❖ National ICT Policy ❖ Interconnection regulation ❖ Licensing regulation ❖ Competition regulation ❖ Spectrum management regulation ❖ Starting Postal Service Operations ❖ Building Organizational Structure ❖ Establishment of Telecom Revenue Assurance System ❖ Establishment of Radio Spectrum Management System ❖ E-readiness Survey for Governmental Institutions

The priorities listed above are focusing on the following:

❖ Increasing Government revenue from the Telecom Industry Sector ❖ Controlling the national frequency by creating a merit based national frequency allocation table. ❖ Secure document sharing between governmental institutions. ❖ Map ICT Infrastructure and staff capacity for Governmental Institutions 5.8 Ministry of Public Works, Land and Housing

5.8.1 Roles and responsibilities The Ministry is charged with the responsibility of carrying out civil works, major repairs/rehabilitation and maintenance of public buildings, as well as developing land for human settlement and housing. It is also responsible for the formulation of policies and legal frameworks for infrastructure.

Page 59 of 119

This includes quality control of infrastructure, development of urban master plans, registration of fixed assets owned by Government, developing technical building standards and specifications, developing building codes to provide minimum standards for safety, health, and general welfare including structural integrity, mechanical integrity (including sanitation, water supply, light, and ventilation), means of egress, fire prevention and control, and energy conservation. 5.8.2 Progress Activity 72 - Gabiley Master Plan

The Gabiley Master Plan is the statutory land use plan which guides the development and the fast growth of Gabiley over the next 20years. It shows the current and the planned structure of the town and contains a series of thematic maps, diagrams and a background study report on the current development trends, water and road network, electricity lines and telecommunication.

The plan tries to balance the different needs and interests in housing, commerce, livestock, but also takes into account environmental protection, especially along the streams, and preservation of fertile farmland on the southern side of Gabiley. National and regional priorities, the Gabiley District Development Plan and Gabiley’s council objectives are reflected in the plan, guided by the Urban Land Management Law (Law #17). It is also the first one following the Urban Regulatory Framework for Somaliland (URF). Public consultation and stakeholder coordination is an important component of the planning process. Through engaging various communities, for example in town hall meetings and group discussions, their concerns and aspirations are addressed and reflected in the Urban Master Plan.

Once the final plan is adopted by Gabiley Council and approved by the National Urban Planning Committee chaired by the Minister of Public Works, Housing and Transport, implementation can begin. Property owners are the main implementers of the plan, while it is the responsibility of the Municipality to layout the road network and provide basic urban services. Law #17 also prescribes the designation of 30% of all residential land for public use. Not everything can be implemented at once, so the Plan consists of an implementation strategy (see below) and contains priority areas, and various projects, which can have a huge impact, for example a new Bus Terminal and the upgrading of the 18th of May Square. Such projects need support from the Government, but also from donors and diaspora. However, many smaller projects and programs can be implemented by the council through the annual budget, for example street lighting, road demarcation, tree planting etc.

Activity 73 - Wajaale Master Plan

The Wajaale Master Plan has its focus on solving the community problems in the area. A great challenge is the fact that Wajaale has important commercial areas while there are still gaps in the road network, whether in terms of road width or urban road standards. The town has important linkages with regions of Ethiopia.

The Master Plan focuses on the following points:

❖ Analysis of existing roads network and development of a better road network ❖ Improvement of accessibility in the town ❖ Promotion of integrated land use ❖ Better social facilities that shape urban standards in the town

Under the master plan many urban roads were done to increase the functionality in terms of urban robustness of the town.

Page 60 of 119

Activity 74 - Development of building codes

Building code is a set of rules that specify the standards for constructed objects such as buildings and non-building structures. Buildings must conform to the code to obtain planning permission, usually from a Ministry of Public Works.

The main purpose of building codes is to protect public health, safety and general welfare as they relate to the construction and occupancy of buildings and structures. The building code becomes law of a particular jurisdiction when formally enacted by the appropriate governmental or private authority.

Page 61 of 119

6 Governance sector

6.1 Government institutions linked to the sector

The following government institutions are part of the governance sector:

o Ministry of Foreign Affairs and International Cooperation o Ministry of Interior o Ministry of Information, Culture and Guidance o Ministry of Planning and National Development o Ministry of Defence o Ministry of Justice o Ministry of Councils Coordination and Constitutional Affairs o Auditor General o Civil Service Commission o Somaliland Quality Control Commission o Civil Service Institute o National Electoral Commission o Good Governance Commission o National Printing Agency o Supreme Court o Somaliland Police Force o Somaliland Immigration and Border Control o Somaliland Coast Guard o Somaliland Fire Brigade o Association of Local Government Authorities o National Human Rights Commission o National Tender Board o Attorney General Office o Accountant General o Government Gazette o Political Organization and Parties Registration Commission o National Refugees and Displaced Agency 6.2 NDP II sector outcome

The table below provides a summary overview of activities that have during the reporting period contributed to the achievement of NDP II outcomes of the sector. More detailed information about each activity is available in the section “Activities” under each contributing government institution.

Table 18: ACTIVITIES CONTRIBUTING TO OUTCOME – GOVERNANCE SECTOR

Outcome NDP II Outcome description Contributing activities during code the reporting period

SDG1: End poverty in all its forms

GOV_01_01 By 2021, Government of Somaliland will ensure 96 that all men and women in particular, the poor

Page 62 of 119

and the vulnerable, have equal rights to economic resources

SDG5: Achieve gender equality and empower all women and girls

GOV_05_01 By 2021, significantly reduce all forms of Activities 75, 107 discrimination against all women

GOV_05_02 By 2021, increase and promote the number of female workers in leadership positions in the public sector to 20%

SDG10: Reduce inequality within and among countries

GOV_10_01 By 2021, achieve equal rights for all regardless of clan affiliation

GOV_10_02 By 2021, Government of Somaliland will ensure orderly, safe, regular and responsible migration and mobility of people for both inflows and outflows

SDG16: Promote peaceful and inclusive societies for sustainable development, provide access to justice for all and build effective, accountable and inclusive institutions at all levels

GOV_16_01 By 2021, reduce 50% of all forms of violence and related death rates everywhere

GOV_16_02 By 2021, increase effectiveness and efficiency of Activities 75,76, 77, 78 rule of law at the national level and ensure equal access to justice for all by 70%

GOV_16_03 By 2021, reduce the level of homicide and injuries emanating from illegal possession of small arms and light weapons by 50%

GOV_16_04 By 2021, reduce of all forms of organized crime by 50%

GOV_16_05 By 2021, Somaliland will have maritime security Activities 94, 95 policies, laws and institutions in place and can assert control and sovereignty over its maritime domain

GOV_16_06 By 2021, achieve zero tolerance of corruption and bribery

GOV_16_07 By 2021, Develop effective, accountable and Activities 79, 84, 85, 86, 87, 89, transparent public institutions at all levels 92, 112, 113, 114, 115, 116

GOV_16_08 By 2021, the Government of Somaliland will Activities 88, 89 ensure that 100% of public workers are recruited through the formal and merit-based process

GOV_16_09 By 2021, review the structure and the functions Activity 90 of public institutions by 100%

Page 63 of 119

GOV_16_10 By 2021, Somaliland will reform country's budget model and budgeting processes

GOV_16_11 By 2021, enhance public/community participation in decision making process of all national matters

GOV_16_12 By 2021, develop national communication policies and strategies for promoting access to information and community engagement

GOV_16_13 By 2020, amend and develop media sector regulations and develop media quality Standards

GOV_16_14 By 2019, increase the percentage of citizens with national ID (i.e. regions, districts, rural and urban, gender, and ages) to 50%

GOV_16_15 By 2021, Government of Somaliland will reduce Activities 80, 81, 91, 92, 93 human rights violations through devising robust human rights violations monitoring systems and mechanisms

GOV_16_16 By 2021, eliminate all forms of terrorism and piracy crimes to zero

GOV_16_17 By 2021, significantly reduce all forms of discrimination against all women

GOV_16_18 Eliminate national and local election delays to zero

SDG17. Strengthen the means of implementation and revitalize the Global Partnership for Sustainable Development

GOV_17_01 By 2021, develop civil service quality standards Activities 88, 89 and certifications for competence measurement

GOV_17_02 By 2019, attract international support for Activities 108, 109, 110, 111 implementing effective and targeted statistical efforts

GOV_17_03 By 2020, enhance capacity-building support to Activities 79, 104, 105, 106, 107, Somaliland National Statistical system, to 108, 109, 110, 111, 112, 113, increase significantly the availability of high- 114, 115 quality, timely and reliable data disaggregated by income, gender, age, migratory status, disability, geographic location and other characteristics relevant in national Roles and responsibilities

GOV_17_04 By 2021, build on existing initiatives to develop measurements of progress on Somaliland sustainable development that complement gross domestic product, and support statistical capacity building in national and local levels.

Page 64 of 119

GOV_17_05 By 2021, promote and significantly improve Activities 97, 98, 99, 100, 101, national planning processes and institutional 102, 112, 113, 114, 115 capacities

GOV_17_06 By 2021, Develop national quality control Activities 117, 1187 standards, testing and quality assurance in Somaliland

GOV_17_07 By 2021, Somaliland will make strides in promoting its case for international recognition

GOV_17_08 By 2021 Increase the number of countries, in which Somaliland signed with bilateral and multilateral agreements to 4 and 14

GOV_17_09 Increasing bilateral and multilateral 117, 118, 119, 120, 121, 122, development funds by 100% 123

GOV_17_10 By 2021, increase the political inclusion of all citizens through political parties’ reform and devising public hearings

Compiled by: M&E Department, MoPND 6.3 Ministry of Justice

6.3.1 Roles and responsibilities The Ministry of Justice (MOJ) was formed in 1991 by a presidential decree shortly after Somaliland declared its independence from the rest of Somalia. As per the establishing presidential Decree, the mandate and objectives of the MOJ include, among others, to coordinate the executive and the judiciary branches, to administer and improve the capacity of the justice administration bodies, and to regulate and administer the legal profession in Somaliland. Since its formation, MOJ had been undertaking its mandated tasks through leadership and oversight aimed at ensuring that all parts of the legal and judicial sectors are able to effectively and efficiently deliver services to Somaliland citizens.

The MOJ has the following mandates:

❖ To supervise the co-ordination of and oversee the justice sector in a legitimate, effective, coherent, accountable and transparent way without interfering with or overlapping with the legitimate mandates and functions of other role players; ❖ To promote the role of law in Somaliland; ❖ To act as the link between the justice sector and the Government; ❖ To establish an effective an efficient penitentiary system in accordance with the Somaliland constitution, the prison law and regulations, as well as with the international standards and norms; ❖ To regulate and register legal professionals and public notaries; ❖ To supervise, research and promote the efficacy of the justice sector and ensure that it provides a fair and effective justice system; ❖ To provide administrative and other support services to other role players, if so requested, or when required by law; ❖ To develop and facilitate access to justice services to the public.

Page 65 of 119

6.3.2 Progress Activity 75 - Justice and Correction High-Level Conference

On 29/01/2018 the Justice and Correction high-level meeting was officially opened at the Ambassador hotel, Hargeisa and was attended by high-level government officials, international partners and ambassadors. The main agenda of this conference was to establish justice and correction working groups, and at the same time bring together in one platform the national justice sector actors, international donors, implementing agencies, civil society and thus creating a Somaliland think tank to review and analyse justice and correction priorities of the government in line with the NDP II priorities, the UN Sustainable Development Goals(SDGs) and the Somaliland National Vision 2030 agenda.

The conference has several direct and indirect objectives:

❖ Enhancing the understanding of NDP II among national actors and the international community; ❖ Re-engaging with the international community after successful elections and managing expectations on both side; ❖ Alignment of NDP II and justice priorities with those of the new political administration; ❖ Clarification and refining the roles and responsibilities in the justice sector and setting strategic direction for each actor; ❖ Develop and agree on a common vision for the SDGs and the 2030 agenda, and understanding the priorities of donors; ❖ Establishing justice and correction working groups leading to a strategy and an action plan.

The participants formulated the following priorities:

A. Access to judicial services enhanced and decentralized to all Somaliland regions: o Supporting legal aid o Promoting legal awareness o Improving women and juvenile justice o Developing a database system in criminal justice schemes

B. Informal justice framework strengthened and linked to the formal justice system o Conduct research on linkages between Traditional Dispute Resolution (TDR) and the formal justice system; o Develop a mechanism to harmonize the three different legal systems in Somaliland, i.e. modern, traditional (xeer) and sharia systems; o Developing and agreeing on TDR policy; o Aligning and reforming TDR processes and procedures with human rights obligations.

C. Strengthen Policy, Legislative and Regulatory Framework o Develop a roadmap to review and update the Penal Code and criminal procedure legislations; o Review and update civil law and civil procedures; o Finalizing the Legal Aid Bill; o Draft and enact a Legislative Drafting Act to clarify governmental legislative drafting mandates.

D. Enhance human capacity o Provide technical and advisor support to enhance human capacity of the justice sector, especially regarding the planning and coordination units;

Page 66 of 119

o Provide leadership training in strategic planning, project planning and M&E.

E. Correction working group o Alternatives to imprisonment (implementation of parole and probation program) o Refurbish and rehabilitate the juvenile reformatory centre (Mija-Caseeye) o Renovating already existing prisons. o Provision of capacity building for custodian corps.

Activity 76 - Enhancing custodial corps (prisons) infrastructure

To promote basic human rights of the prisoners, MOJ has started to improve the physical infrastructure of the custodial crops. The key infrastructure improvements are the following:

A. Construction of Burco central prison

The construction of the central prison in Burcois underway. It will be the largest prison in the country with a capacity of 1200 prisoners, and include all the different categories, including juvenile wings, women, the appellate and those who are involved in serious crime/cases. The total cost of this prison is $ 1,600,000 and was paid for by the government in the last three years.

B. Construction of Awdal central prison

Earlier this year the Government of Somaliland started the construction of Borama central prison, which will also have all prisoner categories. The Government of Somaliland cover all cost for construction for this prison and the duration will be 2 years.

C. Expansion of Gabilay prison

The government has started to expand and improve the capacity of the prison in Gabilay and increase access to new cell areas.

Activity 77 - Legislation process (Laws and Policy)

Drafted and approved Laws:

❖ Person trafficking and migrant smuggling ❖ Ministry of justice and judiciary working relation bill ❖ Prison act procedure ❖ Legal aid bill ❖ Prison act

Drafted and approved Policies:

❖ National justice policy that will be a guide to all justice sector institutions ❖ Juvenile age determination guideline ❖ Prison education policy

Activity 78 - Provision of Legal Aid Service

It is a fundamental principle of the Citizenship and the Constitution of the Republic of Somaliland Article 28 (3) that anyone who is poor must also have access to a lawyer. Therefore, the ministry has prepared the legal aid service program. This legal aid program allows low-income citizens to access a free advocate. There were 84 beneficiaries that utilized and accessed legal aid service provisions through the Ministry of Justice: Maroodijeex (31), Sahil (5), Awdal (20), Sool (6), Sanaag (22). Among these 43 cases are serious cases of “murder”.

Page 67 of 119

Activity 79 - Human Capacity Building

The following training activities were conducted:

❖ One-year training for all prison commanders and reception officers; ❖ Statics and data analysis training for all justice sector stakeholders. ❖ Training regarding the newly approved prison act for all custodial corps staff. ❖ Juvenile justice law training at Togdheer (Burco) for all juvenile justice stakeholders.

Activity 80 - Juvenile justice program

The juvenile justice Act 36/2007defines the duties of the Ministry of Justice in monitor juveniles in the jails and prisons, in terms of their health and legal status. In addition, the ministry covers the basic needs of children. The ministry supplied juvenile prisoners with blankets (77), sanitation equipment (36 buckets and 36 brooms) and medicine boxes in the prisons of Burao, Berbera and Erigavo.

Activity 81 - Public awareness of their basic rights

Most of the Somaliland people have any idea about their legal rights, constitutional rights and other basic civil rights. To address this, the Ministry of Justice started a new awareness project, which helps citizens to know their rights through using a multi-channel approach in TV and radio broadcasting. The awareness focuses on legal aid service, basics constitutional rights and human rights. In addition to that there are regional awareness seminars targeting civilian leaders, elders and community figures.

Activity 82 - Monitoring of Prisons

The Minister of Justice HE Abdiqani Mohamoud Ateeye, together with MOJ officials, has monitored and overseen all prisons. The main agenda was to check on the circumstances of the prisoners, especially their health and legal status, and access to basic rights. Parallel to this, the ministry distributed basic food and equipment for the prisoners: A total of 104 cartons of rice, 167 cartons of dates, 1400 blankets and 17 stoves were delivered covering all national prisons.

Activity 83 - War crime investigation of genocide in Somaliland

The Minister of Justice, Eng. Abdikani Mohamoud Ateye, visited a mass grave in Siinay in Ahmed- dhagah district that was established by the former government of Somalia. He was accompanied by attorney general Hassan Ahmed Farah, Opposition Party Leader UCID Eng. Faysal Ali Hussein, and the Director General of MOJ, Mr. Jama Ahmed Abdirahman.

A total of 243 mass graves have been recorded and GPS-mapped by the Ministry. MOJ has held a big conference on the impact of the massacres in Somaliland. The Minister of Justice, addressing the massacres in Somaliland and the role of the Ministry of Justice, will be taking part in the International Criminal Court (ICC).

Activity 84 - Data base for the justice system

The ministry is in the process of preparing a database that aims to integrate all sorts of data collection mechanisms for the police, courts and lawyers. The first part of the operating system and software has been developed. 6.3.3 Next steps MOJ has the following priorities for the upcoming year:

❖ Improving access to justice for all

Page 68 of 119

❖ Modernizing the legal and regulatory framework ❖ Harmonizing TDR practices and linking them with the formal justice system ❖ Improving prison conditions ❖ Establishing rehabilitation and parole services ❖ Improving human and institutional capacity building and essential infrastructure ❖ Developing robust statistics, data collection and research 6.4 Ministry of Information, Culture and Guidance

6.4.1 Roles and responsibilities The Ministry of Information has a long history that has its roots in the colonial era and has gone through several manifestations throughout Somaliland’s post-colonial experience. The Ministry manages four main media outlets that include the famous Radio Hargeisa, the National News Agency (SOLNA), Dawan newspaper and the National Television Station (SLNTV).

In order for the national development-oriented “Vision 2030”to succeed, information should be made available to all levels of society, from the national, regional and district levels all the way down to the grass roots, through open communication channels that allow for information exchange in all directions. Therefore, the Ministry of Information is the lead body responsible for the formulation and administration of the laws, policies and regulations governing information dissemination in the areas of radio broadcasting, print journalism and TV. Also, this Ministry is responsible for international cooperation in the fields of mass media, films and broadcasting, and interacts with its foreign counterparts on behalf of Government of Somaliland. 6.4.2 Progress The major achievements during the reporting period were the following:

Activity 85 - Institutional development

The new Department of Production and Filming was established at the ministry. Also, new websites were created covering all departments of the ministry and SOLNA, SLNTV, Dawan and Radio Hargeisa.

Activity 86 - Infrastructure and equipment

A solar system was set up for the ministry and a security camera was mounted.

Activity 87 - Dissemination of information

The Ministry had activities related to its core function of effectively disseminating information related to:

❖ Policies, programmes and achievements of government, while ensuring free flow of information to the public and safeguarding the freedom of the press and the media in general;

❖ Raising National Awareness Programs to enhance citizen awareness.

❖ Information about Government’s flagship programmes that was directly communicated to the people through appropriate multimedia and public campaigns extending down to the grassroots level.

❖ Coordinating government communication and public information activities;

Page 69 of 119

6.5 Civil Service Commission

6.5.1 Roles and responsibilities The Civil Service Commission (CSC) was established in 1993 and derives its mandate from the constitution, which includes the following prime responsibilities:

❖ Create an enabling environment for the delivery of effective good quality public services to the entire population of Somaliland.

❖ Ensure the establishment of a vibrant national workforce by improving the knowledge, skills and attitudes of civil servants to deliver efficient, more competitive and cost-effective service to the public.

❖ Build the capacity of public sectors institutions for increased responsiveness, cost effectiveness and efficiency in service delivery operations.

❖ Develop the civil service law and its regulations.

❖ Advising the President on any matter affecting the Civil Service

❖ Recruiting of personnel into the civil service, conducting examinations, interviews and investigations that lead to the selection and promotion of civil service personnel, and

❖ Preparation of personnel remuneration and benefits and its submission to Cabinet for approval and adoption.

❖ Carry out local advertisement in respect of vacancies falling within the scope of the commission.

❖ Prepare and supervise the implementation of the rules and regulations of the civil service and any other disciplinary procedures. 6.5.2 Progress The Civil Service Commission has been striving to make 2018 a year of important achievements and has managed to reach all the regions of Somaliland for the first time since it was established in 1993.

Here are the main highlights of the CSC’s achievements in 2018:

Activity 88 - Upgrading of Civil Service registration

CSC teams have been deployed to all the regions of Somaliland to biometrically register all civil service employees and participate in a country-wide HR audit service. The teams collected full information of more than 14,000 civil servants in Somaliland.

After completing the civil service headcount, the CSC, in collaboration with the Ministry of Finance, have carried out a payroll cleaning activity where ghost workers are removed and the payroll lists at each of the government institutions were cleaned and finalized.

After payroll cleaning, the Civil Service Commission started issuing employee ID cards with a unique ID number for each civil servant in Somaliland. The ID Cards are carrying the full information of every staff member, which was captured during the biometric registration process. The Commission distributed the cards to all the civil servants in all regions of the country.

Page 70 of 119

Activity 89 - Development of Civil Service Administrative Policies

During the year, CSC managed to develop 17 civil service administrative policies, rules and procedures, including:

• Recruitment, Selection and Appointment Policy • Code of Conduct • Policies and Procedures on Staff Promotion, Transfers, Secondment and Retrenchment • Establishment Control Policies and Procedures • Civil Service Sanctions (Disciplinary) Management Policy and Procedures • Staff Leave Policy • Record Management Policy • Complaint and Grievance Management • Staff Retention Schemes • Policy and Procedure for Creation and Abolition of Offices • Staff performance Appraisal • Competency Framework • Coaching and Mentoring • Framework Training and Development • Framework for Career Development • Framework Succession Planning • Pension policy and bill

Activity 90 - Government Ordinance Structures

As part of the Civil Service Commission’s mandate, the commission has engaged consultants to review the current structures of government institutions and finalized the structure of 16 institutions. 6.6 Somaliland National Human Rights Commission

6.6.1 Roles and responsibilities The SLNHRC draws its legal mandate, framework and functions from the Somaliland National Human Rights Commission Act (Act of Parliament No. 39/2010).

The Act provides for the functions of the Commission under Article 26, which include i) investigating human rights violations, ii) visiting places of detention to inspect and assess the conditions of the inmates, iii) creating awareness, conducting research and educating the communities on human rights, iv) giving advice and making recommendations to cabinet ministers and members of parliament (MPs) on the protection of human rights and basic freedoms, and v) monitoring the human rights situation in the country.

The Act further gives powers to the Commission to perform its functions to mediate, investigate and make decisions on human rights and related matters. The Commission may also summon or require the attendance of any person before it, as well as the production of any document or record relevant to its investigation.

The key priorities from the NDPII that the SLNHRC endeavours to implement are enhancing access to justice and monitor appropriate enforcement of statutory laws in conformity with the Constitution and International Human Rights treaties. In addition, the SLNHRC strives to raise awareness of human rights education and build strong relationships with Public Agencies &Non-Governmental Organizations in order to promote and protect human rights in Somaliland.

Page 71 of 119

6.6.2 Progress

Activity 91 - Promotion and Protection of Human Rights

As per its mandate, the Commission receives the complaints on the incidents of human rights violations on the part of individuals, groups or communities. In general, the Commission can receive complaints from the victims, victim’s family and anybody under its jurisdiction. The Commission itself can also receive complaints in detention centres, through information from media reports or from anyone. Once received, the Commission monitors the complaints, carries out inquiries and forwards recommendations for legal action.

Most complaints registered at the Commission pertain to political and civil rights, economic, social and cultural rights. While looking at the nature of complaints, most of them are related to the administration of justice, abduction, arrest/detention, health, education and employment. Similarly, the complaints are registered in connection with women’s rights, children’s rights, and rights of persons with disabilities.

The Commission received 144 complaints and more than half of these were effectively investigated and disposed of. Most complaints in 2018 were violations against the right to liberty and those who had been detained beyond 48 hours. There were 63 cases of inmates who had long served their sentences and were still incarcerated. They were later released after the Commission intervened.

The commission received 20 cases of rape, which were transferred to the concerned bodies like the attorney general’s office and Bahikoob Center. The commission registered 57 cases of domestic violence and 4 cases related to civic rights violence.

Some complainants decided to settle their complaints with the traditional elders while others were referred to the appropriate institutions.

Table 19: Nature and number of complaints received and registered by the SLNHRC

Nature of Complaints No of Complaints Domestic Violence 57

Illegal arrest/detention beyond 48 hours 63

Rape 20

Civil rights violence 4

Source: SLNHRC

Activity 92 - Human Rights Concerns in Places of Detention

The Commission has been advancing its monitoring activities on the incidents of human rights violations provisioned through the national laws and by keeping in mind the implementation status of the human rights related to international conventions and treaties.

The Commission is mandated under Article 26 of the SLNHRC Act to inspect places of detention in order to assess the conditions of these places. In 2018, the Commission inspected 44 places of detention, these comprised of 30 police stations, 11 prisons, 1 street children centre and 1 orphanage.

Page 72 of 119

Table 20: Places of detention visited by the Human Rights Commission

Region Prisons Police stations Street children Orphanages Total Maroodi-Jeex 2 10 1 1 14 Awdal 1 2 - - 3 Togdheer 1 4 - - 5 Sanaag 3 4 - - 7 Sahil 2 3 - - 5 Sool 2 4 - - 6 Source: SLNHRC

The Commission’s observations include poor sanitation and hygiene in most of the detention facilities, old dilapidated buildings, and detention of juveniles and adult offenders in the same cells. The Commission observed that most of the detention centres lacked medicines and drugs or even first aid kits with easy access to the detainees.

In this context, the Commission noted the following concerns: ❖ The prison population increased considerably in 2017, with various categories of detainees in the different places of detention, among these children incarcerated with mothers, children detained with adults, inmates with mental impairments as well as refugees from Ethiopia. The suspects found in the police cells were a combination of both adults and juveniles on various charges. Mandhera prison was the only prison noted to have special cells for juveniles, especially boys. ❖ Cases of long and arbitrary detention due to effecting arrest before the conclusion of investigations, prolonged adjournment of court cases, irregular court staffing, delay in the court process, Inaccessibility to information and feedback from the court, and lack of logistics to work efficiently. ❖ The buildings in most of the detention centers and rehabilitation centers were constructed decades ago in the colonial days and cannot contain the population in these centers. The cells are very small and inadequate to accommodate the population; ❖ The toilets were found to be intolerable with a large number of inmates sharing few toilets that have no water. ❖ Lighting in most of the inmates’ cells was found to be insufficient with poor ventilation. The Commission also noted that the staff in both prison and police facilities live in deplorable conditions. ❖ Health Care facilities were not easily accessible as the detention facilities lacked any means of transport to facilitate the movement of any sick inmates. The Commission was informed that if an inmate or detainee falls sick then their families will be notified, and these may bring them medicines, but they are not allowed to transport them. ❖ There was inadequate provision of basic supplies in the detention centers such as beddings and clothing for the prisoners. ❖ The water and food supply in the detention centers was insufficient. ❖ Police and Prison officers do not possess adequate/ sufficient knowledge on human rights standards as stipulated in international human rights treaties and national legislation.

Page 73 of 119

Activity 93 - Human Rights Education and Its Promotion

The Commission has been conducting promotional activities in accordance with its mandate. The activities as such have always extended support to the development of human rights and human rights culture. In this regard, various activities including interaction, discussions, meetings, seminars, workshops and training on a number of themes and issues have been conducted for human rights promotion.

Human rights Education was enhanced through the publication of IEC materials with emphasis on the mandate, functions and powers of the human rights commission. The Commission actively participated in selected international and national human rights days to raise awareness of human rights among stakeholders. These included International Human Rights Day, the 16 Days of Activism against Violence against Women, Universal Child’s Day, International Disability Day and the World Freedom Day.

The Commission organized a training entitled “Human rights promotion in judicial processes for various law enforcement agencies, particularly for police officers and prosecutors. The Commission organized various workshops and seminars that focused on vulnerable groups and general human rights monitoring training. The objective of these workshops and seminars was to open space for dialogue with government officials and civil society organizations on how to protect and promote the rights of Somaliland people.

The Commission conducted quarterly coordination meetings with government institutions, Civil Society Organisations, LNGOs, INGOs, and UN agencies to discuss the general situation of human rights and seeking to address the current challenges of the Somaliland human rights system in order to ensure effective promotion and protection of human rights in the country. These challenges include:

❖ Inadequate coordination and collaboration among human rights stakeholders and the Commission; ❖ Limited capacity of the Human Rights Commission; ❖ Limited implementation of human rights instruments and decisions; ❖ Limited awareness and access to existing human rights mechanisms among Somaliland citizens. In 2018, the Commission carried out two researches, which are “Leading causes and problems faced by street children in Somaliland” and “The challenges facing mentally ill people in Somaliland” respectively. These researches were carried out in six regions of Somaliland (Maroodijeex, Togdher, Sanag, Sool, Sahil and Awdal).

The challenges encountered by the Commission in the provision of human rights outreach activities included inadequate funding and the lack of appreciation for the importance of protecting and promoting human rights because the constitution is largely unknown due to the fact that it has not been widely disseminated to the general public. 6.6.3 Next steps Aside from its daily functions as mandated in Article 26 which include improving, protection and promotion of human rights in the country, the commission plans to implement certain programmes in line with its strategic priorities as laid out in the National Development Plan II.

The Priorities include:

❖ Improving human rights monitoring in all the country special police stations and Prisons

Page 74 of 119

❖ To conduct capacity building trainings to the law enforcement institutions such as: police, prosecutors , judiciary ❖ To enhance human rights education and awareness to community ❖ To conduct capacity building trainings to SLNHRC staff and commissioners special; report writing and advocacy training ❖ To set up National human rights policy ❖ To prepare and conduct baseline human rights survey. 6.7 Coastguard

6.7.1 Roles and responsibilities Somaliland has a long coastline of 850 km, stretching between Lawyaddo in the west, bordering on the Republic of Djibouti and Elayo in the east. The Somaliland Coastguard was established in 1995 as part of the Somaliland National Army. In 2005 it was separated from the Army by Presidential Decree and placed under the Ministry of Interior;

The Somaliland Coastguard has locations in many places of the coast line. The main head quarter is Hargeisa, the long coast is divided into 4 sectors which consist of Berbera, Mait, Zeila and Lasqoray and each of them has a number of look out posts (observation posts) which is 12 in number. Each sector has a number of very small boats that can make a close patrol in good weather conditions.

These coastal regions have two seasons: hot and windy season, which is from May to September, with strong south westerly winds in which the small boats cannot sail. The other season is cool and moderate with mostly light north easterly winds, which is sometimes disrupted by very strong north westerly winds that blow on the whole coast. 6.7.2 Progress Activity 94 - Infrastructure and equipment

The Mag Company built a Main Armoury store at the Coastguard Headquarters for the storage of weapons and ammunition.

The Axiom and Aktis companies have also been repairing old offices in the Berbera Sector, which will improve working conditions. They also built an antenna tower in Hargeisa and an electric generator room in the Berbera sector.

The Axiom International company provided radio equipment, which is very important for communication between the 4 sectors and Headquarters.

Subventi International Co. provided installation for IAS in Zeila, Lughaya, Ruguda, Berbera and Mait to assist in the monitoring of trafficking.

Activity 95 - Staff training

In 2017-2018 Coastguard Officers received basic training for navigation, seamanship, search and rescue operations, environmental protection, and operation & maintenance of the new boat and vehicle.

Axiom and Aktis held training workshops for staff from the Logistical Department regarding asset management, procurement and the reception, deployment and distribution of assets.

Page 75 of 119

Progress was made in the development of a maritime training curriculum for both high-ranking and low-ranking officers.

The Somaliland Coastguard officers had training courses to develop operational SOPs, to establish Headquarter staff rhythm, and to establish reporting routines between Coastguard crafts and the Ministry of Interior. 6.8 Ministry of Planning and National Development

6.8.1 Roles and responsibilities The Ministry of Planning and National Development has the following mandates (translated from the Government Gazette, 06/01/2018):

• To produce appropriate plans and strategies for development capable of ensuring that the long-term goals of the country are achieved. • To establish long-term, medium-term and short-term plans encompassing all economic and social aspects of the Somaliland people’s life, through fostering community engagement. • To prepare yearly targets to track progress in the provision of social services against measured baselines. • To coordinate all development projects funded by donors. • To produce statistics on all national resources, including livestock, agriculture, industrial production and infrastructure in the country. • To prepare statistical reports on the social, economic and environmental situation in the country. • To study and describe the socio-economic conditions of the community. • To strengthen Somaliland's economic development co-operation with donors and international organizations. • To monitor all development projects to ensure that plans are implemented effectively and responsibly. • To evaluate development projects upon completion, compiling findings of the evaluation in an end report. • To identify barriers that hinder development plans’ implementation. • To monitor the implementation of the National Development Plan II on an annual basis, reporting on performance, impediments or obstacles as well as challenges. To advise on the appropriate steps necessary to overcome the identified obstacles and ensure that the intended objectives of the plan are reached. • To register international and local organisations operating in the country and involved in the implementation of projects. 6.8.2 Progress Activity 96 - Management of the Somaliland Development Fund (SDF)

The Joint Steering Committee of the SDF is chaired by the Minister of Planning and co-chaired by DFID (United Kingdom). SDF1 (2013 – 2018) was terminated in 2018 and SDF2 (2019 – 2023) was seamlessly started up. Despite strong efforts to finalize all projects in 2018, due to different reasons a few could not be concluded and were identified as transitional projects for SDF2.

At the end of December 2018, the total approved allocations under SDF1 amounted to USD 59,021,477. Funds were committed to 14 projects, of which 12 development projects and 2 internal

Page 76 of 119 projects (JSC Management, Project Preparation Facility). Total expenditures were USD 58,700,602 by the end of SDF1 (99% fund absorption). Funds remaining were USD 320,875. The balance was returned to the respective donors.

The total number of signed contracts was 497 of which 389 (78%) have been awarded to Somaliland entities.

Source: SDF Secretariat

Proposed project locations and budgetary allocations under SDF2, based on new Concept Notes and approved Transitional Projects, are the following:

Project Holder Project Key activities Budget (USD) Region New Concept Notes Hargeisa Water Increasing water • Drilling of boreholes from Las 2,994,958 Maroodijeh Agency production from Las Dhure aquifer and connecting (Hargeisa) Dhure aquifer & the water to the existing connecting to existing Geedeble pumping station system at Geed-Deeble Ministry of Berbera – Sheikh Road • Rehabilitation of 82km of 8,847,300 Toghdeer Transport – and Bridges Berbera-Burao Road and Sahil Roads rehabilitation • Rehabilitation of 5 bridges Development along the road Agency • Capacity building of RDA for roads maintaince. Ministry of Scaling Up Soil & Water • Scaling up soil and water 4,330,960 Awdal and Agriculture Conservation Project in conservation activities in Maroodijeh Development DurDur Ad of Awdal and Maroodijeh (Aburin area) Aburin Research of • Soil and water conservation Maroodijeh region activities in Durdur. • Support to increased agricultural production in Maroodijeh and Durdur through improved agricultural practices.

Page 77 of 119

• Completion and operationalisation Aburin Research Centre • Capacity building of the MoAD staff Ministry of Strengthening livestock • Expansion of Aroori 3,133,300 Sanaag and Livestock and production and health (Toghdeer) fodder production Toghdeer Fisheries services and veterinary services. Development – • Establishment of Illan Livestock (Sanaag) fodder production and veterinary services. • Support to livestock diseases surveillance and control • Capacity building of MoLFD staff Ministry of Fisheries production • Improvement of cold chain 1,335,100 Sanaag Livestock and value chain improvement facilities in the Sanaag Fisheries – in Sanaag region • Establishment and support to Fisheries operations of sustainable fisheries cooperatives. • Support to establishment of fish inspection, quality control and certification system. Transitional Projects Ministry of Fisheries production • Construction of Maydh Jetty 4,172,600 Sanaag Livestock and value chain improvement • Fisheries t – in Sanaag region Fisheries Ministry of Water Supply System • Civil works for Borama water 6,957,934 Awdal and Water supply Sool Development • Validation of design and civil and electromechanical works for Las Anod water supply. Hargeisa Water Hora Hadley – Geedeble • Civil works for Construction 1,760,371 Maroodijeh Agency Water supply Hora Hadley – Geedeble wellfield collector Ministry of Recurrent costs • Recurrent costs for Las Anod 1,077,600 Sool and Education and Dayaha secondary Sanaag schools Ministry of Recurrent costs • Recurrent costs for Las Anod 2,094,400 Sool and Health and Erigavo Hospitals Sanaag • Procurement of medical goods and equipment Source: SDF Secretariat

Following guidance from DFID, the JSC agreed to the following modes for management and transfer of SDF1 assets:

• Infrastructure has been handed over to Government upon completion of SDF1 activities. • Office equipment of the Project Management teams (furniture, computers, etc.) was donated to the implementing Ministry/Agency. • Project vehicles will remain DFID asset and will be recycled for SDF Phase 2 to ensure that all newly established Project Management Teams have access to transport from the start of their projects,

Page 78 of 119

while avoiding additional costs for hiring motor vehicles (with exception of the two ambulances for MoH that will be handed over to the hospitals).

Activity 97 - Project Mapping Exercise

The Department of Planning started a project mapping exercise with the MDAs and development agencies. This exercise has two main objectives:

1. To make sure all development projects are in line with the NDPII; 2. To identify the financing gap in each sector.

The Department of Planning developed a common template for the project mapping exercise that MDAs must fill out. The department organized a meeting for the sector technical teams and presented the template to them. The department also organized meetings with the UN Agencies to get their interventions mapped. Although disturbed by other important activities, this process is still underway.

Activity 98 - Sector Strategic Plans Development and Annual Work Plans

As per the country’s planning architecture outlined in NDPII, the Department of Planning has started to formulate a standard methodology for the formulation of sector strategic plans. The process has the following objectives:

1. To make the NDPII actionable and translate it into implementation; 2. To streamline all efforts in the respective sectors aligned with the NDPII.

A standard methodology (templates, tools and guidelines) for the sector strategic plans and annual work plans template was developed and sector technical teams in general, and directors of planning of the MDAs in particular, were trained. Some sectors and MDAs started to adopt this methodology in developing strategic plans.

Activity 99 - NPDII Resource Mobilization

NDPII is an ambitious document with a cost estimate of over $2 billion. Somaliland cannot afford to resource its own NDPII as limited domestic resources are available. This necessitates developing a resource mobilization strategy to address all potential sources of funding. A resource mobilization strategy concept note has been drafted and the write up of project concept notes is currently underway to tap the potential of domestic and external resources.

Activity 100 - NDPII-Government Budget Alignment

NDPII clearly aspires to harmonize the country’s planning and budgeting process, which is currently disconnected and, as a result, jeopardises the implementation of the national development plan. To materialize this, the Planning Department with the help of top management, has started a dialogue with the Ministry of Finance. The two Ministries agreed on a new budget submission template, which aligns the capital investment part of the budget to NDPII priorities. MDAs were trained with the new budget submission template and the department of planning explained how MDAs could best align their interventions to NDPII.

Activity 101 - District Development Plans Formulation

The district planning process is led by the Ministry of Interior as laid out by the National Decentralization policy. Previously, the district planning process was completely separate from the national planning process, which hindered the implementation of the national development plan at

Page 79 of 119 district level. To solve this, the Department of Planning started a dialogue with the Ministry of Interior, the JPLG champion office and UN Agencies. As a result, although a standard methodology is still missing, the current draft district plans are aligned with the NDPII. It is also agreed to develop a common methodology for the district planning process, which should be in harmony with the national planning process.

Activity 102 - NDPII Somali Translation

As per the findings of the NDPI review, one of the key challenges was that the document was not accessible to much of the Somaliland people since it was written in English. To solve this challenge, MoPND has taken the initiative of translating the NDPII into Somali. The Somali version is now ready for printing.

Activity 103 - Participation of Producing Cyclone Impact Assessment Report

A severe cyclone hit the coastal areas in general and the western part in particular, which impacted the lives of many people and caused wide ranging damage and loss of livestock, agricultural produce, productive assets, etc. This has a negative effect on implementing the NDPII as the focus will be turned to humanitarian response and recovery interventions. The Department of Planning was part of a task team assigned to produce the Cyclone Impact Assessment Report. The task team produced the final report.

Activity 104 - Production of Consumer price Index (CPI)

The Central Statistics Department (CSD) produces a Consumer Price Index (CPI). The prices of 520 items are collected and reported monthly. The price reference period (base) for the Somaliland CPI is the 2012 calendar year. i.e. from January to December 2012. This implies that the monthly index calculations started from January 2013. Monthly publications are on the Ministry’s website.

With help of the African Development Bank, technical training on the identification of common products between the national Consumer Price Index (CPI) and the 2017 International Comparison Program (ICP) product list, as well as training on specific topics concerning the national CPI, was given to department staff in the period of 20th May - 16th June 2018. Monthly based publications of the International Comparison Program were produced and published on the website (see http://www.somalilandcsd.org/consumer-price-index/).

Activity 105 - GDP Production

Gross Domestic Product (GDP) of 2012 to 2017 has been produced in June 2018. It is estimated by the expenditure approach in current and constant 2015 prices, i.e. 2015 is the base year for estimates of real GDP (see http://www.somalilandcsd.org/ somaliland-gdp-report-2012-2017/).

Activity 106 - Somaliland in figures

The Somaliland in Figures booklet for 2016 is produced and published on the website in May, 2018. This booklet is normally published annually and contains data from administrative records from ministries and state agencies. The booklet for 2017 is in data collection phase and is planned to be produced at the end of 2018 (see http://www.somalilandcsd.org/somaliland-in-figures/).

Activity 107 - Gender Statistics Booklet

The first Somaliland gender statistics booklet has been produced and was launched in the 2nd semester of 2018 with assistance from Swedish Statistics (see http://www.somalilandcsd.org/gender-booklet/).

Page 80 of 119

Activity 108 - The Cooperation Capacity project between CSD and Statistics Sweden (SCB)

The Cooperation Project between CSD and Statistics Sweden (SCB) was planned to last for four years, from 2015 to 2018. The project is funded by the Swedish International Cooperation and Development Agency (SIDA). The project intends to transfer of knowledge in general management, economic statistics, social statistics, and statistical methodology. A total of 20 department staff were trained for GPD, CPI and Statistical Methodology in Uganda, Djibouti and Ethiopia.

Activity 109 - Somaliland Health Demographic Survey (SHDS)

The Ministry of Planning and National Development (MoPND) and the Ministry of Health (MOH) are jointly undertaking the Somaliland Health and Demographic Survey (SHDS). The United Nations Population Fund (UNFPA) is the lead of the other UN Agencies in providing technical support to the implementation of SHDS. The survey will generate indicators on infant and child mortality, adult mortality, including maternal mortality, fertility, birth spacing, non-communicable disease, out of pocket expenditure on health and gender-based violence which are important for monitoring NDPII. The survey is in data collection phase.

Activity 110 - Nomadic component of Somaliland Household Frequency Survey - wave II

The Ministry of National Planning and Development of Somaliland in partnership with the World Bank has conducted the Somaliland High Frequency Survey Wave II (SHFSII) project to conduct field research and household interviews in all regions and districts of Somaliland. The survey was to provide socio- economic data representative of the Somaliland population, which is needed to measure, monitor and analyse living standards and poverty, and generate poverty estimates, understand household expenditure and consumption, and to provide valuable data to inform development policies of local and international organizations to try and improve the livelihoods of people. Non-nomadic components (urban and rural) were completed in December 2017; the nomadic component was implemented during January and February 2018.

Activity 111 - Civil Registration and Vital statistics (CRV)

Following the outcome of the 22-23 March 2018 Somaliland CRVS workshop, a technical working group was to be established, composed of the relevant line Ministries and invite other CSO stakeholders. The Ministry of Interior, which is the lead agency, conveyed a consultation meeting with other line- ministries including the Ministry of Health, the Ministry of Planning, the Ministry of Justice, the Ministry of Social affairs and the Ministry of Education. The participants discussed the need for establishing the technical working group as part of the outcome of the last UNICEF Somaliland CRV workshop and strengthening the coordination of the various stakeholders of both government institutions and the civil society organizations. Based on these several other meetings were held by the technical committee.

Activity 112 - NDP II Progress Report

In June 2018 the M&E department informed all government institutions that they need to report the implementation status of the NDP II and submit these reports to MoPND, which will compile a National Progress Report. The M&E department has been busy with the institutional follow-up, quality control of received information and compiling it. The response has been poor, both in terms of the number of institutions that returned their report and the quality of the information submitted. This in part because there are no formal procedures in place for line ministries to submit their reports to MoPND.

Page 81 of 119

Activity 113 - Development of the National Monitoring and Evaluation System (NMES)

The M&E department has initiated the process of developing a national monitoring and evaluation system (NMES) for the NDP. The system will allow for the timely collection, validation and dissemination of relevant data and reports regarding the implementation of National Development Plans across all MDAs and administrative levels.

It will include the development of a user-friendly IT platform and tools that serve the needs of the NMES and can be accessed by all public institutions with responsibilities in data collection and dissemination of NDP results at all relevant administrative levels. The system includes the development of a national M&E policy and its regulatory framework (norms, procedures and legal instruments) that will form the basis for the implementation of the NMES and guide public institutions in the creation of minimum requirements for its successful implementation, including staff training.

The following two activities, reported below, are important preparatory steps for the design of the NMES:

• The review of the National M&E Policy • Quality control of the NDP II outcome indicators

Activity 114 - Review of the National Monitoring and Evaluation Policy

Since the Presidential Decree in 2008, the Ministry of Planning and National Development (MoPND) has been responsible for the development and review of the national M&E policy. With assistance from UNDP, the Ministry of Planning developed a first draft of the Somaliland Monitoring and Evaluation Policy. The policy provided an outline of current government M&E capacity, a framework with principles and scope, an institutional structure and implementation guidelines.

The policy was broadly embraced by the Ministry of Planning, especially through the establishment of a Monitoring and Evaluation Section in the Department of Coordination, which was upgraded to become the Monitoring and Evaluation Department after the launch of the NDP II. However, policy implementation has not progressed past a rudimentary stage.

A workshop held in 2013, again with UNDP support, led to the following recommendations:

• The government’s existing M&E Policy, guidelines and tools should be updated and rendered as 'implementable' as possible. • Government and development partner M&E tools, whenever useful and possible, should be harmonized so that they can be used by all stakeholders, facilitate data exchange and facilitate joint monitoring and evaluation exercises. • Further focus should be placed on identifying and formalizing the steps required in designing aid and development M&E systems and to ensure that government M&E policy and procedures are sufficiently integrated into project implementation.

The national M&E policy has therefore been reviewed internally by MoPND with technical support of senior M&E experts and advisors. The draft review policy will be focused on monitoring the NDP II Result Based Management framework with sector outcome indicators and targets.

This allows for an important shift of focus in MoPND from direct project monitoring to the monitoring of sector targets through government institutions, which in turn are then directly responsible for data collection from projects operating under their institutional mandates.

Page 82 of 119

In other words, the new approach recognizes that projects are important implementation tools of the NDP II, but M&E is implemented in the Roles and responsibilities of a harmonized national system that puts line ministries in the forefront of data collection in their respective domain of expertise, and according to their institutional mandates. In addition, joint monitoring and evaluation exercises at field level remain an important additional tool in this Roles and responsibilities for both sector institutions and MoPND.

It must be noted that in this new M&E approach MoPND’s Coordination Department remains responsible for supervising compliance of registered NGOs with the NGO act, including the collection of annual plans and annual monitoring reports of projects implemented by them. However, the Coordination Department is not responsible for the regular collection of monitoring data in the Roles and responsibilities of a national NDP II monitoring system, which is the task of the MoPND’s M&E Department.

This new M&E approach will be an enormous challenge in terms of building M&E capacity in key government institutions in each sector, but also e.g. in terms of a new organizational discipline between, on the one hand, projects and government institutions and, on the other hand, between those institutions and MoPND.

It ideally requires a national on-line multi-user data collection platform that will allow staff from government institutions, programs and projects to enter data from where they are located, based on different user profiles for data registration, verification and validation. It will be built around functional indicators in each sector that have been tried and tested (see next activity).

Activity 115 - Quality control of the NDP II outcome indicators

The NDP II has 321 outcome indicators but not all of these can be operationalized. Therefore, there is a need to assess all dimensions of functionality of these indicators. Although the M&E department has started on this, it will need technical support. A categorization tool has been developed to ensure a systematic approach. The work will be done in collaboration with government institutions and involving development partners.

The completion of the assignment will allow the M&E Department and its partners in government to focus on only those NDP II Outcome indicators that are functional, while also guiding all relevant government staff on the concrete way to collect data for these indicators.

The appropriate indicators will ultimately be disseminated through tailored progress reports adapted to different audiences and purposes including but not necessarily limited to:

• Internal reporting inside Government institutions • National NDP II progress reports • UN Sustainable Development Goals progress reports • District NDP II progress reports

Activity 116 - Improving Human Resource Management and Administration

The Human Resource Department took several initiatives to improve the management of staff and improve related administration:

• The Human Resource Department has participated in the civil servants’ head-counting program and has worked closely with the Commission for the implementation of the project.

Page 83 of 119

• Collection and on-line storage of staff profile data from the ministry’s departments and sections. • Introduction of computerized staff work attendance by using a fingerprint machine. • Improved registration, security and protocol for visitors entering the Ministry.

Activity 117: Government-NGO Consultation Conference:

The Department of Coordination (DoC) fulfilling the MoPND’s mandate to coordinate the international development partners including the Non-governmental Organizations (NGOs) organized a high level events that bring together the INGOs. 10th of December 2018 the DoC in collaboration with the Somaliland NGO consortium organized a well-participated consultation conference between the government of Somaliland and the International Non-governmental Organizations (INGOs) with a theme of “Working Together”. More than fourteen Ministers participated the conference accompanied by Heads of independent agencies and other senior government officials including Director Generals, Departmental Directors and Advisors.

The Conference was aimed to facilitate a space where the government of Somaliland and its development/humanitarian actors share learning, experience and information. In addition to that, but also DoC was facilitating to create a conductive environment to constructively discuss outstanding issues and collectively identify durable solutions. The conference was the largest platform of consultation. At the end of the conference it was noted to jointly nominate a technical team to draft the action points and the way forward.

Activity 118: Islamic/Arab NGOs and Government Consultation Conference

The government of Somaliland recognized that the Islamic and Arab charity organizations uses different implementation and operational modalities. DoC in collaboration with these charity organizations identified the major challenges that face these organization when dealing with government institutions. And at the same time collected information from the government institutions regarding the government concerns over these organizations. One of the key challenges DoC identified was, that there is no proper communication channels that connect the government institutions within these organizations. Not only that, but also that there is no a platform that connects them selves since they share a lot in common in terms of nature.

DoC in collaboration with the key actors of these charity organizations prepared a platform that connects these organizations one to another and makes easier for the government organizations to communicate. On 26th December 2018 the DoC organized a high level conference between the government institutions and these charity organizations. It presented the key activities that these organizations contributed. The key issues discussed within that meeting include the coordination, alignment with government priorities and to avoid duplicate efforts. At the end of the conference it was announced an umbrella that will represent these organizations.

Activity 119: Aid Flow Report

DoC managed to present and publish an aid flow report – the first of its kind after more than seven years. The report is aimed to provide useful data about the aid volume and it is distribution in sectors and regions. In addition to that, the report captures ODA trends globally and in Somaliland. Moreover, the report elaborates background of Somaliland’s aid architecture and summarizes the history of High- Level Aid Coordination Forums (HLACFs). The report was aimed to present transparency between government institutions and international development partners. Not only that, but also and for the

Page 84 of 119 most important to present the volume of aid coming to Somaliland from reported organizations and how aid is disbursed.

This effort has led to the ministry to develop its capacity for the sustainability of capturing such data and presenting similar reports.

Activity 120: Tax Exemption Process

One of the main Activities that DoC performs is processing the tax exemptions for licensed INGOs operating in Somaliland and other development partners including UN Agencies. This activity is huge service that the department and the ministry at large give the organizations/agencies to be able to operate and access the required equipment . On November 2018 the Doc reviewed all the existing documentations that was stored at the documentation center of the department. This effort bring into the agenda to develop a new mechanism to capture the data in the tax exemption documents to process and analyze into useful information that can help on decision making. The DoC introduced a new data capturing system and produced the first insightful report on tax exemptions. The database is now in use and effectively records the tax exemption activities.

Activity 121: Service Delivery Improvement

The DoC is the department in MoPND that hosts the largest number of the public to deliver service. To accelerate and expand that services the last quarter of 2018, the department has introduced a number of assisting techniques including:

❖ Flowcharts to guide the clients at the very moment they arrive. ❖ Electronic registration system using Gmail account to easily communicate with department remotely. ❖ Modified registration forms that can be easily accessed ❖ Open seminars to engage with clients and get feedbacks ❖ Proto-type documents that can easily guide the clients for each of the steps in the registration process.

Activity 122: Aid Information Management System

In order to facilitate the easy of registering organizations and managing the aid flow data; the department implemented to put in place an aid information management system with the support received from DANIDA. The Aid Information Management System will enable for organization to easily register and report. Additionally, it will allow the public at large to generate their own reports regarding the aid flow data. This activity was started on December 2018 and it has been made a good progress so far.

Activity 123: Review of registered organizations

The registration of NGOs was an effort that the Ministry was undertaking more than two decades. An extensive review of the registered NGOs did not happen up to that time. On December 2018 the DoC has successfully reviewed all the registered organizations. It was a huge effort that led to the MoPND in particular the DoC to systematically go through all the hard files that was stored in the documentation center. Above 2000 NGOs was reviewed. A proper filing and storing system was undertaken during that exercise.

Page 85 of 119

6.9 Somaliland Quality Control Commission

6.9.1 Roles and responsibilities The Somaliland Quality Control Commission was established in 2010 by the Somaliland Quality Control Act 68/2014, which has given the SQCC a mandate to exercise, which includes i) the development national standards, ii) the reconciliation of national, regional and international standards, iii) establishment of a national testing facility, iv) the certification of locally produced commodities, and v) the accreditation of testing laboratories in Somaliland. 6.9.2 Progress

Activity 124 - Development of standards

The SQCC adopted eight National Standards to safeguard the Somaliland Public from substandard, defected and counterfeit goods. The eight Standards adopted are the following:

❖ Automotive Specification of Gasoline (Petrol): This Standard is mandating how to collect, analyse and report Gasoline products in Ship tanks, Shore tanks, Road tankers and Petro- stations.

❖ Automotive Specification of Gasoil (Diesel): This Standard is mandating how to collect, analyse and report Gasoline products in Ship tanks, Shore tanks, Road tankers and Petro-stations.

❖ Millet Rice Standard: This Standard is mandating how to collect, analyse and report rice categories, which enter the country or are domestically harvested.

❖ Pasta Product Specification: This Standard is mandating how to collect, analyse and report pasta types, which enter the country or are domestically processed or produced.

❖ Packed Drinking Water Specification: This Standard is mandating how to collect, analyse and report packed drinking water, which enters the country or is domestically packed or produced.

❖ Creams, Lotions and Gels Specification: This Standard is mandating how to collect, analyse and report Creams, Lotion and Gels, which enter the country or are domestically packed or produced.

❖ Milk Powder Specification: This Standard is mandating how to collect, analyse and report Powdered Milk, which enters the country or is domestically packed or produced.

❖ Carbonated Soft Drinks Specification: This Standard is mandating how to collect, analyse and report Powdered Carbonated Soft Drink Products, which enter the country or are domestically packed or produced.

Activity 125 - Capacity building SQCC

The Somaliland Quality Control Commission trained members of Industrial Standards Approval Committees (ISAC) to participate in Technical Committee meeting and the process of Standards Development.

In July 2017 the SQCC trained Inspectors on consignment verification, inspection methods, tools and sampling techniques. In September 2017 inspectors were trained in enforcement of standards, and the management of samples and test results.

Page 86 of 119

6.9.3 Next steps Beginning 2019 the SQCC will publish Somaliland’s the first Medicines Baseline Survey, which includes reports on i) Drugs and Medicines most used and imported into Somaliland, ii) companies and countries that manufacture Drugs and Medicines most used in Somaliland, and iii) companies, INGO’s and UN Agencies that import Drugs and Medicines most used into Somaliland.

Page 87 of 119

7 Education sector

7.1 Government institutions linked to the sector

The following government institutions are part of the education sector:

o Ministry of Education and Science o Higher Education Commission 7.2 NDP II sector outcome

The table below provides a summary overview of activities that have during the reporting period contributed to the achievement of NDP II outcomes of the sector. More detailed information about each activity is available in the section “Activities” under each contributing government institution.

Table 21: ACTIVITIES CONTRIBUTING TO OUTCOME – EDUCATION SECTOR

Outcome NDP II Outcome description Contributing activities during code the reporting period

SDG3: Ensure healthy lives and promote well-being for all at all ages

EDU_03_01 By 2021, 70% of secondary school students are aware of reproductive and communicable health issues

EDU_03_02 By 2021, 70% of all primary and secondary school students are aware of the negative health impacts of female genital mutilation

EDU_03_03 By 2021, 5% of students in higher education courses will be enrolled in medicine, health and medical science courses

SDG4: Ensure inclusive and equitable quality education and promote lifelong learning opportunities for all

EDU_04_01 By 2021, female gross enrolment rate in primary Activities 126, 127, 128, 129, education will increase to 52% 130, 131, 133, 135

EDU_04_02 By 2021, female gross enrolment rate in secondary Activities 126, 127, 128, 129, education will increase to 28% 130, 131, 134, 135

EDU_04_03 By 2021, male gross enrolment rate in primary Activities 126, 127, 128, 129, education will increase to 56% 130, 131, 133, 135

EDU_04_04 By 2021, male gross enrolment rate in secondary Activities 126, 127, 128, 129, education will increase to 34% 130, 131, 134, 135

EDU_04_05 By 2021, 70% of primary school Grade 3 and Grade Activities 126, 127, 128, 129, 6 students will pass minimum early grade literacy 130, 131, 133, 135 and numeracy standards

EDU_04_06 By 2021, 50% of first grade primary school Activities 126, 132 enrolments will have participated in at least 1 year of Kindergarten/Qur’anic early childhood schooling

Page 88 of 119

EDU_04_07 By 2021, 70% of students, after 1 year of attending Activities 126, 132 a government approved early childhood centre, will meet minimum age appropriate developmental milestones

EDU_04_08 By 2021, male and female enrolment in all TVET Activity 136 course programs will increase to 10,000 students

EDU_04_09 By 2021, the number of University course first year student enrolments will have increased by 20%

EDU_04_10 By 2021, 100% of University and TVET providers Activity 136 will be accredited and meet minimum standards on curriculum, resources and teaching capacity

EDU_04_11 By 2021, 70% of University graduates have minimum IT literacy skill sets

EDU_04_12 By 2021, 70% of TVET graduates have minimum IT Activity 136 literacy skill sets

EDU_04_13 By 2021, 60% of University graduates have gained employment in their respective speciality 12 months after graduation and national service

EDU_04_14 By 2021, 60% TVET graduates have gained Activity 136 employment in their respective specialty 12 months after graduation and national service

EDU_04_15 By 2021, gender parity in relation to early Activity 132 childhood education access will be 1.0

EDU_04_16 By 2021, gender parity in relation to primary Activity 133 school education access will be 0.92

EDU_04_17 By 2021, gender parity in relation to secondary Activity 134 school education access will be 0.85

EDU_04_18 By 2021, gender parity in relation to TVET access Activity 136 will be 0.6

EDU_04_19 By 2021, gender parity in relation to University access will be 0.9

EDU_04_20 By 2021, urban and rural parity in relation to Activities 133, 134 primary and secondary school education access will be 0.6

EDU_04_21 By 2021, gender parity in primary school head teacher posts will increase to 0.2

EDU_04_22 By 2021, the children with special needs primary and secondary school enrolment will increase by 50%

EDU_04_23 By 2021, increase functional literacy rates for women to 47%

Page 89 of 119

EDU_04_24 By 2021, increase functional literacy rates for men to 55%

EDU_04_25 By 2021, 50% of students in Grade 5 and 9 will have obtained key learning outcomes related to gender equality, human rights and civics

EDU_04_26 By 2021, 100% of undergraduate students will have completed a prerequisite course requirement on civics, human rights and gender rights before starting their degrees

EDU_04_27 By 2021, 10% of current primary and secondary Activities 133, 134 schools and 100% of new buildings must meet minimum infrastructure requirements including safe water supply; disable access; green space; male/female latrines and secure walls

EDU_04_28 By 2021, USD 3 million will be secured and distributed into science, technology, engineering and mathematics international scholarships for postgraduate students

EDU_04_29 By 2021, 70% of primary school teachers will meet minimum teacher competency standards and qualification requirements

EDU_04_30 By 2021, 80% of secondary school teachers will meet minimum teacher competency standards and qualification requirements

EDU_04_31 By 2021, 100% of teachers will be registered and certified formally through the Ministry of Education

SDG9: Build resilient infrastructure, promote inclusive and sustainable industrialization and foster innovation

EDU_09_01 By 2021, 5% of university budgets will be allocated towards research activities

EDU_09_02 By 2021, establish a USD 2 million research grant fund focusing on research in sustainable natural resource management and exploitation

SDG13: Take urgent action to combat climate change and its impacts

EDU_13_01 By 2021, 3% of the national education development budget and externally funded education program budgets will be allocated towards school drought resilience and preparedness programs

Compiled by: M&E Department, MoPND

Page 90 of 119

7.3 Ministry of Education

7.3.1 Roles and responsibilities The Somaliland Ministry of Education and Science is mandated to improve access and quality of education at all levels, improve educational conditions in schools, and to equip pupils/students with knowledge and skills to achieve their ambitions and aspirations and become successful citizens in life and actively contribute to their families, community and the country at large. In summary, the key functions of MOES are enhancing access and equity, quality of education and good governance. 7.3.2 Progress Activity 126 - Policies, Strategies and Regulatory framework

The Education Sector Strategic Plan (ESSP 2017-21) was completed and endorsed. This was the third strategic plan undertaken by the Ministry of Education and Science. A ceremony was held to launch the implementation process of the ESSP to be adopted as a guide and roadmap for MOE&S and other education partners.

Activity 127 - Resource mobilization

Completion and endorsement of the Global Partnership for Education EU Grant (GPE) with an amount of US $8.5 m. An official ceremony was held for the adoption and implementation of the EU Grant.

The Ministry of Education and Science prepared the quarterly plans and budgets for education decentralization services delivery for the target district councils of the JPLG Project (Gabiley, Borama, Berbera, and Burao). MOES also developed the 2-year education decentralization plan of the JPLG Project.

Activity 128 - Institutional capacity development

New software called StatEduc2 was installed by UNESCO to replace the more complex and incompatible pineapple software system, so as to improve the systematic collection of data for the annual school census. The EMIS team was provided with training on how to manage StatEduc2 including customization and adaptive maintenance and 20 EMIS staff members have acquired the skills necessary for using StatEduc2 for school data collection processes and management. The new Software was financed by NRC.

In January 2018, a statistical survey and grade level assessment was conducted for both Grade 8 and Form 4 Annual National Examination candidates for the 2017-2018 scholastic year. Actual candidates’ quantitative data were collected from target schools in all regions so as to plan and make relevant preparations for the upcoming National examinations. A simple booklet identifying previous error analysis, nature/format of the next exams as well as the pertinent rules and regulations was produced.

Activity 129 - Curriculum Development and Teaching Materials

A review of Form 4 secondary school and Grade 8 Primary school textbooks has taken place. Special panels of different specialties reviewed these two textbooks by going through them and correcting all errors, updating obsolete sections of all 10 subjects of Form 4 (secondary school), and all 7 subjects of Grade 8 (primary school) textbooks. The objective of this activity was thoroughly achieved.

Page 91 of 119

Activity 130 - Human Resource Development MOES

The Ministry mobilized all permanent staff at central, regional and school levels to make sure they are registered according to the requirements and conditions of the Somaliland Civil Service Commission. All teaching and non-teaching staff were instructed to fully cooperate with the CSC.

Activity 131 - Inspection

About 250 Students of Grade 8 and Form 4 from different schools, who promoted themselves to illegal upper classes, were repeated to their lower legal places after a thorough investigation. This activity was undertaken by the Quality Assurance Department staff.

Activity 132 - Access and Equity to Early Childhood Education

An Early Childhood Education (ECE) awareness campaign was conducted through media (TV and Radio). Two meetings for parents were also held to raise community awareness so as to enhance access to early childhood education. In terms of ECE capacity development 28 female teachers were trained in ECE teaching methods and ECE teaching-learning materials were developed, and 7,500 kits produced and distributed to all 7 ECE centres, which benefited 400 students (50 % female).

Activity 133 - Primary Education

In terms of education infrastructure, the following was implemented to facilitate access of more children to school:

❖ 4 new primary schools were constructed; ❖ 48 new classrooms were extended and furnished; ❖ 59 existing classes were rehabilitated, and ❖ 208 classrooms were furnished.

Also, the following interventions are noteworthy:

❖ The Ministry of Education and Science conducted awareness campaigns in 50 targeted primary schools throughout the country to enhance access to primary education. Furthermore, 259 flexible learning classes were established for Out of School Children (OOSC) from pastoralist communities.

❖ The Ministry of Education and Science distributed 109,974 textbooks for 419 primary schools across the country which benefited 31,421 pupils (40% female).

❖ 7,000 primary school pupils (40% female) were supported through the provision of learning materials.

❖ 167 primary schools developed and operationalized their school improvement plans as their key priorities have been supported.

❖ Provision of take-home ration to girls: 1200 girls received take-home rations to facilitate female access to school. In addition, 72 marginalized students got local scholarships. An additional 186 primary schools were provided with feeding programs during the drought emergency.

❖ MOES, in collaboration with the Civil Service Institute, developed the primary education management manual.

Page 92 of 119

❖ MOES, in collaboration with the Teachers Training Unit, has provided training to 70 primary school teachers.

Activity 134 - Secondary Education

Similarly, the Ministry of Education and Science did not spare any effort to improve access, equity, and quality of secondary education in Somaliland, even though challenges were/are many. To this end, the Ministry conducted the following activities.

❖ The construction of two boarding secondary schools and one-day secondary schools were completed as one girl friendly space was constructed.

❖ Furthermore, 30 existing secondary school classrooms were furnished.

❖ To enhance access, 671 girls in secondary schools received bursaries.

❖ 13 secondary school teachers received a hardship allowance

❖ 63 Secondary Schools introduced and operationalized their School Improvement Plans (SIP).

Activity 135 - Examinations for Primary and Secondary Schools

In the Roles and responsibilities of examinations for the 2017-18 academic year the following was achieved:

❖ During February and March 2018, Form 4 Repeaters’ examinations were undertaken after they took required remedial courses. This activity consisted of setting, moderating, conducting and publishing of the Final results of Form 4repeaters’ examination. This was done for the first time by MOES to mitigate the sensitive political propaganda from the opposition political parties during presidential campaigns

❖ In April 2018, an orientation workshop for examination setters was done to train them on how to produce updated and standardized 2017-18 exam papers for Grade 8 and Form 4 students.

❖ In the last week of June and the first week of July 2018, National Examinations for 2017-18 were administered.

❖ End of July to August 2018, examination papers were prepared for coding and cutting, actual coding of candidates’ examination papers, marking and moderation took place, as specialist supervisors were nominated.

❖ Examinations were decoded and processed for both levels, examination results were produced and finally a release ceremony was undertaken.

❖ MOES, through the department of primary education, collected all primary schools’ examination results of the 2017-2018 academic-year across the regions.

Activity 136 - Technical and Vocational Education and Training

In the Roles and responsibilities of Technical and Vocational Education and Training (TVET) the following was implemented:

❖ The TVET Department was established at the Ministry and is functioning.

❖ The Burao Technical Institute was supported through the provision of light equipment, learning materials for IBTVET trainees and formal students as well.

Page 93 of 119

❖ Another 90 trainees got access to skill training at the Burao Technical Institute, 89 of them completed the training and sat for the final exam.

❖ Highly marketable female-friendly courses were introduced, and a female-friendly learning environment was also provided. Of the total trainees of 535, 30% were female.

❖ 4 employment promotion units have been established; 4 IBTVET centres were established and operationalized while workplace linkages were fully established.

❖ The Ministry of Education in collaboration with MeSAF and Save the Children International established the National Employment Forum.

❖ Business start-up capital was provided to 36 TVET graduates. Tracer studies were conducted and completed as planned. It was found that 91% of the trainees found employment.

❖ The Heads of TVET centres were trained in Pedagogy at the HTI and HAVOYOCO Centres. The ministry also provided pedagogical training for 30 TVET instructors from all Somaliland TVET centres.

❖ Examination of 250 trainees took place in different TVET centres like HAVOYOCO, HTI, BTI, GAVO, YOVENCO, and HAVOYOCO of Borama, in different subjects and levels.

❖ Certification of 250 trainees and distribution of start-up hand tool kits

❖ The ministry developed and printed two VQF curriculums on Road construction and Renewable energy. A total of 140 trainees were enrolled for THE BRIDGE Project at HAVOYOCO training centre in Hargeisa to be trained in level 1- 4 courses in two skill sectors (Road Construction and Renewable Energy/Solar).

❖ The ministry, in collaboration with World Vision enrolled 30 trainees in BTI. They were trained in Electricity and Electronics.

❖ Finalization and implementation of the TVET Policy, the TVET Strategy, the TVET Quality Assurance framework, and TVET feasibility studies. In addition, Heads of TVET centres, REO’s, instructors and some of the MOE/S heads of departments were trained in TVET policy.

❖ Rehabilitation of one workshop of the BTI Centre in Burao.

Activity 137 - Assist Cyclone Sagar affected communities

In June 2018, the Ministry conducted an assessment on the scope of the damage of Sagar-affected schools. As a result, most of the schools were rehabilitated, even though more than 10 of them are not yet taken care of.

Page 94 of 119

8 Health sector

8.1 Government institutions linked to the sector

The following government institutions are part of the health sector:

o Ministry of Health Development o National HIV/Aids Prevention Commission 8.2 NDP II sector outcome

The table below provides a summary overview of activities that have during the reporting period contributed to the achievement of NDP II outcomes of the sector. More detailed information about each activity is available in the section “Activities” under each contributing government institution.

Table 22: ACTIVITIES CONTRIBUTING TO OUTCOME – HEALTH SECTOR

Outcome NDP II Outcome description Contributing activities during code the reporting period

SDG2: End hunger, achieve food security and improved nutrition and promote sustainable agriculture

HEA_02_01 By 2021, reduce the number of children who are Activities 1392, 143, 144, 146, stunted by 15% and reduce child wasting to less 153 than 10%

SDG3: Ensure healthy lives and promote well-being for all at all ages

HEA_03_01 By 2021, reduce the maternal mortality rate to less Activities 139, 140, 141, 147 than 400 per 100,000 live births

HEA_03_02 By 2021, end preventable deaths of new-borns and Activities 139, 140, 141, 142, children under 5 years of age aiming to reduce 143, 144, 147, 153 under-5 mortality to at least as low as 100 per 1,000 live births, infant mortality to at least 70/1000 and neonatal mortality to at least as low as 35 per 1,000 live births

HEA_03_03 By 2021 reduce the epidemics of AIDS to 5/1000, Activities 139, 147 tuberculosis to 250/100,000, malaria to less than 0.9/1000 and hepatitis B to130/100,000

HEA_03_04 By 2021 develop competent human resources and Activities 144, 145, 146 increase health worker density to 50%

HEA_03_05 By 2021 achieve universal health coverage, access Activities 138,139, 140, 141, to quality essential health-care services to 60% by 142, 143, 144, 147, 148, 149, extending EPHS to all districts 150, 151, 153

HEA_03_06 By 2021, ensure universal access to sexual and Activities 138, 139, 140, 141, reproductive health-care services, including family 142, 144 planning, information and education to increase CPR to 20%

Page 95 of 119

HEA_03_07 By 2021, reduce by 12% mortality from non- Activity 139 communicable diseases through prevention and treatment and promote mental health and well- being

HEA_03_08 By 2021 develop an early warning and response Activity 152 systems, risk reduction and management of health risk

SDG5: Achieve gender equality and empower all women and girls

HEA_05_01 Reduce the harmful practices of female genital Activities 139, 144, 153 mutilation by 10 % (Addressing issues of GBV)

Compiled by: M&E Department, MoPND 8.3 Ministry of Health Development

8.3.1 Roles and responsibilities The MoHD has a mandatory role of ensuring the development and decentralization of health services and the construction of health facilities and hospitals across the country as well their proper functioning and supervision.

The Ministry’s mission is to create an enabling environment for the provision of socially acceptable, affordable, accessible, and equitably distributed quality health care that responds to the need of the community, with special attention to the most vulnerable in the population and delivered in a sustainable way through a decentralized health system within Somaliland.

The ultimate goal of MOHD is to improve the health and nutrition status of the population through health system strengthening interventions that facilitate moving towards universal health coverage (UHC) and accelerate progress towards achieving the health-related SDGs.

The following key values and principles provide the basis for the second Health Sector Strategic Plan (HSSP II):

❖ Effective, transparent and accountable governance and leadership in managing the different components of the health system with decentralized management of health care service delivery; ❖ Building effective collaborative partnerships and coordination mechanisms engaging local community, national and international stakeholders, pursuing aid effectiveness approaches; ❖ Good quality services - well managed, sensibly integrated, available, accessible, accountable, affordable and sustainable (with a corresponding reduction in vertically driven, standalone programmes and projects); ❖ Priority emphasis on reproductive, maternal, neonatal, child and adolescent health; ❖ Promotion of healthy lifestyles and health-seeking behaviour among the population; ❖ Emphasis on prevention and control of priority communicable and non-communicable diseases, as well as on trauma and related injury; ❖ Addressing the special needs of vulnerable groups, rural and pastoral communities; ❖ Evidence-based interventions based on considered use of reliable health information; ❖ Meaningful engagement and participation of citizens in the review, management and financing of health services; ❖ Increased and more diverse public-private partnerships;

Page 96 of 119

❖ Implementation of health financing systems that promotes equitable access to priority health services. 8.3.2 Progress The Ministry of Health Development has set up nine strategic priority areas outlined in its Health Policy. It includes specific objectives and priorities (sub-objectives) designed to ensure objectives and goals are achieved.

The major output of Health system (HS) is health services delivery shaped by essential package of health services (EPHS) framework. The EPHS comprises four health service provisions and ten health programmes (six core programmes and four additional programmes) with standard interventions,

Table 23: Levels of Health service provisions and Health programmes

Health Programmes

Service Provision levels Six health programs Four additional programs

• Hospitals 1. Maternal, Reproductive and ➢ Chronic diseases, elderly and • Referral Health Centres Neonatal health palliative care • Health Centres 2. Child Health ➢ Mental health and disability • Primary Health Units 3. Communicable disease surveillance ➢ Dental health and control ➢ Eye health 4. First aid and critically ill and injured 5. Treatment of common illness 6. HIV,STI and TB Source: MoHD

Activity 138 - Changes in Health Facilities

Table 24: Changes in Health Facilities Type of Falicities 2017 2018 Changes Hospitals MCHs 130 175 45 PHUs 165 156 -9 Mobile Teams 115 Ambulances Source: MoHD

Activity 139 - Visits at Outpatient Department Services (OPD)

Figure 1: Outpatient Patient Department (ODP) - Service Utilization Trends 2017-2018

1200000 0.30 1057720 1000000 0.27 0.25 800839 800000 0.20 0.20 606649 600000 0.15 463120 451071 400000 337719 0.10

200000 0.05

0 0.00 2017 2018 OPD uder five yrs, Male & Female OPDover five yrs, Male and Female OPDover all ages

Source: MoHD

Page 97 of 119

Analysis: OPD visits indicate a significant increase from 800,839 in 2017 to 1,057,720 in 2018, while OPD visits per capita increased from 0.20 in 2017 to 0.27 in 2018. Although this per capita is quite low according to WHO standards, both increases signify an increase in access & services utilization.

Table 25: Regional Variation in OPD service utilization in 2018

Source: MoHD

Key comments:

❖ The total of OPD visits at public health facilities were 1,057,720. The Sool and M.jeeh regions reached the highest OPD visits, 245,904 and 238,011 in that order, while Sahil and Sanaag were the lowest. ❖ According to OPD per capita, Sool and Sahil performed the highest visits per capita and all other regions almost show the same number of visits.

Activity 140 - Antenatal care services

Table 26: Antenatal care services by region -2018

Awdal M.Jeh Sahil Sanag Sool Togdher Total ANC 1st visit 29,727 43,088 9,557 12,944 23,934 35,706 154,956 ANC 3rd Visit 16,110 20,251 10,156 8,162 13,856 25,738 94,273 ANC 1stVisit Coverage (%) 98.1 90.9 96.1 29.4 163.9 114.9 87% ANC 3rdVisit Coverage (%) 53.1 42.7 102.1 18.5 94.9 82.8 53% Source: MoHD

Figure 2: Trend analysis in antenatal care (ANC) 2017-2018

180000 100.0% 154956 160000 145766 87.4% 90.0% 140000 80.0% 70.0% 120000 64.3% 94273 97071 60.0% 100000 53.2% 50.0% 80000 42.8% 40.0% 60000 30.0% 40000 20.0% 20000 10.0% 0 0.0% 2017 2018

ANC 1st visit ANC 3rd Visit ANC 3 Visit Coverage ANC 1st Visit Coverage

Source: MoHD

Key comments:

❖ ANC1 and ANC3+ coverage increased by 23.1% and 10.4% respectively.

Page 98 of 119

❖ This signifies a valuable increase in safe motherhood services utilization and improvement in early detection of any abnormalities for mother and child.

Activity 141 - Delivery trend analysis at Public Health Facilities

The following table shows the delivery of key health services at public health facilities between 2017 and 2018:

Table 27: Trend analysis for health services delivered at Public Health Facilities (2017 to 2018)

2017 2018 Caesarean deliveries 1,224 2,078 Complicated Deliveries 1,413 2,023 Normal Deliveries 55,963 77,456 Instrumental deliveries 142 107 Total Public Health Facilities Deliveries 58,742 81,664 Source: MoHD

Key comments:

❖ The number of pregnant women that delivered at public health facilities increased from 58,742 to 81,664 (+39%), which is a significant increment.

Table 28: Health services delivered at Public Health Facilities by region

Awdal M.Jeh Sahil Sanag Sool Togdher Caesarean deliveries 204 1,196 163 75 2 438 Complicated Deliveries 507 386 169 160 316 485 Normal Deliveries 18,880 19,883 5,465 7,194 7,893 18,141 Instrumental deliveries 27 50 7 11 5 7 Total Public Health Facilities Deliveries 19,618 21,515 5,804 7,440 8,216 19,071 Source: MoHD

Activity 142 - Child Immunization

Figure 3: Trend analysis for EPI- under 5 Child Immunization (2017 - 2018)

160000 148278 70 135090 64.3 140000 60 121040 55.1 120000 103674 50 100000 42.7 40 80000 36 30 60000 20 40000

20000 10

0 0 2017 2018 Penta 3 Doses given Measles Doses given Measles Coverage Penta 3 Coverage under 1 yr

Source: MoHD

Page 99 of 119

Key comments:

❖ The number of under five children immunized against Penta3 and Measles considerably increased from 2017 to 2018. The coverage of Penta3 and Measles shows a significant upward trend, which increased from 43.7% and 36% in 2017 to 64.3% and 55.1% respectively. ❖ This is an indication that MOHD is moving towards its strategic direction in reducing the effect of vaccine preventable diseases and achieving maximum child survival.

Figure 4: Regional Variation in under five Child Immunization (2018)

160000 120 107 140000 105.6 93.4 100 120000 79.3 73.2 79.4 80 100000 64.3 69.8 62.2 80000 60 55.5 52.7 55.1 60000 40 26.6 40000 23.8 20 20000

0 0 Awdal M. jeh Sahil Sanag Sool Togdher Total

Penta 3 Doses given Measles Doses given Penta 3 Coverage under 1 yr Measles Coverage

Source: MoHD

Key comments:

❖ The annual Penta3 & Measles coverage was 64.3% and 55.1% in that order. Sahil and Sool regions performed the highest Penta3 coverage, 107% and 93.4% respectively. ❖ Regarding Measles, Sool region achieved more than expected (105.5%) while other regions had almost similar performances (between 52,7% and 79,4%), with the exception of Sanaag, which reached a significantly lower coverage in both Penta3 (26,6%) and Measles (23,8%).

Activity 143 - Child Nutrition

Table 29: Trend analysis for Child Nutrition Screening (2017-2018)

2017 2018 Children Screened for Nutritional Status 544,360 633,476 Children referred to Outpatient Treatment Program (OTP) 17,576 14,577 Children referred to Supplementary Food Program (SFP) 120,398 117,865 Children referred to TFC/ SC 1,152 935 VIT A doses to children between 6-59 months 115,153 126,241 Source: MoHD

Key comments:

❖ The number of children screened for nutritional status increased from 544,360 in 2017 to 633,476 in 2018 (+16.4%).

Page 100 of 119

❖ The number of screened children that were referred to SFP, OTP and SC show an opposite downward trend. ❖ This shows a comparatively better trend in nutritional status. ❖ The Vitamin A supplement given to children aged between 6-59 months increased due to the increase of the number of children that MoHD staff have reached. The Vitamin A intake increased from 115,153 doses to 126,214 (+10%).

Figure 5: Trend analysis of overall child malnutrition (2017 – 2018)

Overal Child malnutrition 30 25 24.7 20 20.2 15 10 5 0 2017 2018

Child malnutrition

Source: MoHD

Key Comments:

❖ The above figure shows that overall child malnutrition dropped down from 2017 to 2018 by 2.5% which supports the data and comments from the above table.

Activity 144 - Other core achievements in health service delivery

The following was also achieved in the Health Sector:

❖ RH, essential and life-saving medicines, and medical nutrition supplies were procured and regularly distributed; ❖ Four community-based teams have been established in Hudun, Hingalool, Hariirad and Gargaara to deliver outreach reproductive health services in remote areas; ❖ Comprehensive emergency obstetrics care has been expanded to Laas caanood and Ceerigaabo Hospitals; ❖ A Neonatal Ward has been established in the Borama General Hospital; ❖ Distribution of life saving emergency medicines; ❖ Six new Stabilization Centers for Malnourished Children have been constructed; ❖ 13 gene expert machines were distributed to 9 TB centres (Hargeisa, Burco, Berbera, Odweyne, Ceerigaabo, Lascanood, Ceel-afwayn, Gabilay, and Boorama); ❖ 22 Lab technicians have been trained for Gene expert Machines; ❖ Selection/ nomination of District EPI Management Team; ❖ Selection of Health Facilities which will be Supported by GAVI/HHS 2 (EPI Outreach activities); ❖ Nomination of Immunization Coordination Committee (ICC), including the line ministries; ❖ Conduction of 2 Rounds of Health Facility based outreach for 36 HSS2 target facilities; ❖ 11 X-Ray machines with Generators have been distributed to 9 TB centres (Hargeisa, Burco, Berbera, Odweyne, Ceerigaabo, Lascanood, Ceel-afwayn, Gabilay, and Boorama).

Page 101 of 119

Activity 145 - Human Resource Administration and Development

The Ministry aims at developing a health workforce that addresses the priority health needs of the Somaliland population, which is adequate in number, well trained, equitably distributed and motivated to provide essential health services.

❖ All the MoHD’s staff in six regions have been counted by doing “head counting”. The aim was to identify staff who actually work, as compared to staff on the payroll; ❖ Working hours have been set up for the Ministry’s staff (8 hours per day); ❖ A strong system for staff attendance has been established including the recruitment of 2 staff specifically for controlling attendance; ❖ 12 Doctors have been given 1-year training for BeMOC (Basic Emergency Management Obstetric Care) services (2 Doctors per region); ❖ 180 Nurses & Midwives have been trained for BeMOC and CeMOC (Comprehensive Emergency Management Obstetric Care) services; ❖ 6 Ministry staff were sent to Ethiopia for Scholarship education.

Activity 146 - Leadership and effective governance core activities

This component concerns improving MoHD’s capability of having strong leadership and governance to fulfil the Ministry’s functions to provide effective, better coordinated, community centred health services.

Policy and Planning

❖ The alignment of the Health Sector Strategic Plan II (2017-2022) with the NDP2 has been finalized; ❖ The policy for the “Expanded Program for Immunization” is under development (EPI Policy); ❖ The “Reproductive Maternal Neonatal Child Adolescent Health strategy has been developed (RMNCAH strategy); ❖ The Midwifery Strategy has been developed; ❖ The assessment of the “Every New-born Action Plan” has been conducted (ENAP assessment); ❖ The “Antenatal Care Guidelines” have been reviewed (ANC guidelines); ❖ The “Health In All Policy” roadmap has been developed (HiAP); ❖ The “Measles 5 Yr. Strategic Plan” has been developed; ❖ The “Commodity Security Strategic Plan” has been developed; ❖ The “Logistic Management Information System” has been rolled out at regional level (LMIS) ❖ Public Health Legislation has been drafted ❖ International Health Regulation (IHR) inter-ministerial coordination is under development; ❖ The regulatory framework for “Communicable Disease Surveillance and Control” has been initiated; ❖ A strategy for the Data Quality Improvement Plan has been developed (DQIP Strategy).

Management and Decentralization

❖ The Minister has enacted legislation allowing the Directors of the Ministry’s directorates and Regional Medical officers to nominate the health staff needed for their offices. This is part of decentralization management.

Page 102 of 119

Health & nutrition sector coordination

❖ The central level Health & Nutrition Sector coordination meeting has been conducted in 2018. All international agencies and UN agencies that work with MoHD have attended the meeting. During the meeting the MoHD and partners have shared and discussed on sector priorities, strategies, and operational plans, review of program achievements, gaps and solutions. ❖ The regional Health & Nutrition Sector coordination meetings have been conducted in 2018 as well.

Structure of the Ministry

❖ The Minister has changed the name of the Ministry, changing it from Ministry of Health to Ministry of Health Development. The Minister has changed the internal structure (organogram) of the Ministry as well.

Activity 147 - Availability of essential medicines, vaccines and commodities

This involves the improvement of drugs, vaccines and commodities in terms of their availability, safety, rational use, proper stock management and disposal. The Ministry received medical equipment and drugs from the Amoud Foundation and Turkish Embassy among others.

Activity 148 - Health Information system, Research and M & E

Accurate, up-to-date information is essential for planning, policy formulation, transparent evidence- based decision making, and performance monitoring.

Health Information System

The following was implemented:

❖ Training in all health facilities on the revised HMIS tools; ❖ Roll out of the District Health Information System 2 (DHIS2) to all Somaliland regions; ❖ DHIS2 training to mid-level managers and health partners; ❖ Strengthening of the Information Technology Unit (IT) within the Ministry of Health.

Monitoring and Evaluation and Research

❖ The ToR of the M&E section have been updated; ❖ The M&E framework has been developed; ❖ Cyclone SAGAR affected areas have been monitored by the Ministry’s officials; ❖ The Joint Annual Review has been conducted; ❖ Joint Supervision has been conducted in all six regions; ❖ Supervision for WASH has been conducted in areas affected by SAGAR cyclone; ❖ The Demographic and Health Survey has been conducted; ❖ The Non-Communicable Disease Survey has been conducted; ❖ The MMN survey has been conducted.

Ministry’s website

❖ The Ministry of Health Development has developed a website, where the general public can follow the country’s health status and updates.

Page 103 of 119

Activity 149 - Health Finance and Administration

This management component about comprehensive health finance system development in which based on solely national financing and domestic resources, that allocates funds to health priorities, enhances accounting spending in accurate and transparent way, utilizes national budget and internal financial resources in a most productive way on the bases of sector wide approach.

❖ A double-entry software accounting system in Excel has been established for all payment transactions. This will help the finance system to track financial transactions; ❖ A strong financial documentation system has been established; ❖ An automated Governmental Payment Financial System (PFS) has been adopted; ❖ Electronic forms for payment cheques and deposits have been made; ❖ There has been an increase of MoHD’s National Budget from 62,249,529,774 SHILLING (2017) to 71,845,023,024 SHILLING (2018), equivalent to +15.4%.

Activity 150 - Ambulances and other vehicles

There has been a slight increase in the number of available ambulances and other vehicles:

Table 30: Available ambulances and other vehicles in MoHD in 2017 and 2018

Year Ambulances Other Vehicles Total 2017 75 63 138 2018 77 65 142 Source: MoHD

Activity 151 - Health Physical Infrastructure

The physical infrastructure of public health facilities refers to the state of the buildings, water, electricity and communication technology available, the quality of access roads, and the availability of equipment (both medical and non-medical) in working condition.

In 2018 the following was achieved:

❖ Construction of Neonatal ward in Las-canod General Hospital ❖ Expansion of Togdheer regional warehouse ❖ Expansion of Neonatal wards and Maternal Wards in Buroa General Hospital ❖ Rehabilitation of Awdal Regional Warehouse ❖ Rehabilitation of 2 central warehouses in Hargeisa ❖ On-going construction of Sahil regional warehouse

Activity 152 - Public Health Emergency

Public Health Emergency preparedness and response is responsible for the planning and coordination of humanitarian aid and public health emergencies, urgent interventions in a timely fashion when controlling outbreaks plus other national disasters that impact on society (health and nutrition aspects).

Health Emergency Responses

❖ A rapid assessment of cyclone SAGAR affected regions was conducted. Mobile clinics were deployed to the affected areas in Awdal, Salal & Sahil. Health emergency supplies were

Page 104 of 119

distributed to the affected communities and the Ministry also coordinated the reconstruction of destroyed Health Facilities; ❖ The Emergency teams have responded to the outbreak of Acute Watery Diarrhea that occurred in Lawyacaddo district in September 2018; ❖ The Ministry has sent response teams to the outbreaks of Pneumonia in some areas of the M/jeex & Sanaag regions.

Emergency preparedness and coordination

❖ Community awareness campaign were conducted; ❖ Six Emergency Preparedness & Response officers have been established and were trained at the six regions; ❖ Monthly coordination meetings of Health & Nutrition emergency preparedness & response have been conducted with the partners and priorities have been identified.

Activity 153 - Social determinants of health

The aim of this activity is to develop collaborative approaches to inter-sectoral working to ensure that the determinants of health are tackled in all relevant sectors:

❖ FGM Awareness Campaigns have been conducted in Hargeisa and Burao; ❖ 18 villages have been awarded a certificate of “Open Defecation Free” for their successfulness of making their villages free from open defecation with help of MoHD and international NGOs; ❖ 150 health staff have been trained in basic hygiene and sanitation practices (WASH); ❖ Acute Watery Diarrhoea prevention materials have been distributed such as water chlorine; ❖ ICE materials have been distributed to all Health Facilities in the six regions. 8.3.3 Next steps ❖ Prepare rapid response interventions to cope with emergency obstetrics by implementing Minimum Service Package for Pregnancy, newborn and lactating infants (MISAP); ❖ FGM research to be conducted in all six regions; ❖ Integrate the FGM strategy in the Midwifery Curriculum for both Degree and Diploma courses; ❖ Training of Midwives and Nurses for Clinical Management of Rape (CMR); ❖ Fistula repairs campaign, providing support to ALLAALE Hospital, the only Fistula Hospital in Somaliland. ❖ Baseline assessment for waste management methods will be conducted in all six regions; ❖ WASH coordination meeting will be conducted in Hargeisa; ❖ Monitoring and Supervision for sources of drinking water, particularly the sources that tankers use to fetch the water; ❖ Awareness raising campaign for SHINE program in Togdher and Awdal regions; ❖ EPI awareness raising campaign for all six regions; ❖ Online financial accounting system to be established; ❖ Online banking system with Dahabshill bank to be established; ❖ Web based payment for ZAAD system to be established; ❖ Governmental Payment financial management system to be used continuously; ❖ Procurement procedures to be finalized and disseminated; ❖ The World TB commemoration day will be held in Hargeisa.

Page 105 of 119

9 Water, Sanitation and Hygiene sector

9.1 Government institutions linked to the sector

The following government institutions are part of the WASH sector:

o Ministry of Water Development o Hargeisa Water Agency 9.2 NDP II sector outcome

The table below provides a summary overview of activities that have during the reporting period contributed to the achievement of NDP II outcomes of the sector. More detailed information about each activity is available in the section “Activities” under each contributing government institution.

Table 31: ACTIVITIES CONTRIBUTING TO OUTCOME – WASH SECTOR

Outcome NDP II Outcome description Contributing activities during code the reporting period

SDG3: Ensure healthy lives and promote well-being for all at all ages

WSH_03_01 By 2021, reduce water-borne, water washed, and Activities 154, 155, 156 water related diseases by 10%

SDG6: Ensure availability and sustainable management of water and sanitation for all

WSH_06_01 By 2021, increase access to safe and affordable Activities 154, 155, 156, 157 drinking water for domestic use by 20%

WSH_06_02 By 2021, increase access to adequate and Activities 154, 155, 156 equitable sanitation and hygiene by 10% and reduce open defecation by 4%, paying special attention to the needs of women and girls and those in vulnerable situations

WSH_06_03 By 2021, improve water quality by reducing by 30% Activities 154, 155, 156 of consumption of water contaminated with hazardous dissolved chemicals and salinity

WSH_06_04 By 2021, increase management of household liquid and solid waste in major towns by 5%

WSH_06_05 By 2021, substantially increase water-use Activities 154, 1455, 156, 157 efficiency across all sectors and ensure sustainable withdrawals (IWRM)

WSH_06_06 By 2021, reduce the number of vulnerable people Activities 154, 1455, 156, 157 suffering from water scarcity in drought prone areas by 20%

WSH_06_07 By 2018, develop and endorse integrated water Activities 154, 1455, 156, 157 resources management policies at all levels, including protect and restore water-related ecosystems, with defined roles and responsibilities

Page 106 of 119

WSH_06_08 By 2021, increase number of sustainable water Activities 154, 1455, 156, 157 supply and sanitation management entities in urban and rural areas

WSH_06_09 By 2021, increase the capacity of development Activity 158 public institutions engaging in the wash sector by 30%

Compiled by: M&E Department, MoPND 9.3 Ministry of Water Development

9.3.1 Roles and responsibilities The Ministry of Water Development is the national lead agency for the Water, Sanitation and Hygiene (WASH) sector and is mandated to ensure that Somaliland citizens have easy access to clean, adequate and affordable WASH facilities in a sustainable and environmentally friendly manner.

Pursuant to the Somaliland Water Act 2010 (Law No. 49), the Ministry of Water Development is solely responsible for the development and management of national water resources and it is mandated to act on behalf of the Government of Somaliland in all matters relating to Water Resources.

The Ministry’s strategic goals include:

❖ Development of underground and surface water resources in Somaliland ❖ Improvement of the WASH regulatory framework and oversight of the water sector and its sustainable management, ❖ Strengthening the institutional capacity of MoWD and its constituent bodies, ❖ Coordination and information management of the WASH sector in Somaliland, and ❖ Mitigation of impacts of climatic and environmental changes to national water resources. 9.3.2 Progress Activity 154 - Planning and design of water supply systems

❖ The Water Master Plan for El-afwayn District has been completed, after massive surveys and assessments were done to supply water from a water source 35Km away. ❖ The Water Master Plan of Berbera city was completed in the middle of 2018. ❖ The Somaliland Integrated Water Resource and Investment Plan has been completed. ❖ 25 - year Master Plans and 8 - year Industrial Plans were developed for Burao, Erigavo, Borama and Wajaale. ❖ Various studies and assessments were completed for appropriate places of water catchments.

Activity 155 - Development of underground water resources

❖ Drilling of 27 boreholes across Somaliland for the development of under-ground water and to enhance the access to drinking water. ❖ Rehabilitation of 17 boreholes in order to re-establish use of abandoned boreholes in drought- stricken areas. ❖ Rehabilitation of 22 shallow wells for the community with shallow aquifer. ❖ Urban water supply systems were constructed for 7 major cities and towns in Somaliland, where some towns have been supplied with water from sources 30Km away. This is still on- going in some towns whereas completed in other towns.

Page 107 of 119

❖ A total of 51 mini-water systems have been constructed covering all districts in Somaliland. These systems provide water during the whole year for both the community and livestock.

Activity 156 - Development of surface water resources

❖ 3 modern Haffir dams were constructed lined with Geo membrane Plastic. Solar panels were installed to generate electricity to pump water from the dams to reservoirs. ❖ 8 Haffir dams were rehabilitated by adding modern supply systems in order to generate adequate access to water to the rural communities. ❖ Also, 7 Haffir dam designs have been approved and 4 construction contracts for Haffir dams have been awarded. ❖ 25 Berkads were rehabilitated across the country on the basis of needs assessments carried out by the Ministry.

Activity 157 - Solar powered water and desalinisation systems

❖ Having considered the high costs of energy, the Ministry installed solar systems in 17 towns to generate electricity for the supply of water to communities. This includes Solar powered systems for boreholes, Haffir dams, shallow wells, and also the desalination systems at Ceel midgaan and Ceel-dhaam, Sool and Sanaag regions. All of these have been completed. ❖ The Ministry has launched the water desalination project at Somaliland. Operation and maintenance teams have been created and trained in each of the 4 targeted areas. The system includes water chlorination and solar empowered desalination systems.

Activity 158 - Institutional capacity building

❖ The Ministry has provincial coordinators in all regions. Three provincial offices have been rehabilitated and currently all offices are operating. ❖ MoWD has worked on facilitating the enrolment and participation of water service providers from Buroa, Erigavo, Togwajale and Borama in the Global water Operations partnership. ❖ In line with its mandate, the Ministry ensured the co-ordination at a political level between the projects and other ongoing developments in the sector and provided technical inputs to various projects in water resource development and management.

Page 108 of 119

10 Environment sector

10.1 Government institutions linked to the sector

The following government institutions are part of the environment sector:

o Ministry of Environment and Rural Development o National Disaster Preparedness and Food Reserve Agency 10.2 NDP II sector outcome

The table below provides a summary overview of activities that have during the reporting period contributed to the achievement of NDP II outcomes of the sector. More detailed information about each activity is available in the section “Activities” under each contributing government institution.

Table 32: ACTIVITIES CONTRIBUTING TO OUTCOME – ENVIRONMENT SECTOR

Outcome NDP II Outcome description Contributing activities during code the reporting period

SDG12: Ensure sustainable consumption and production patterns

ENV_12_01 By 2021, develop and apply legal framework to achieve environmentally sound management of chemicals and all wastes

ENV_12_02 By 2021 decrease the release of point-source pollution particularly to air and ground water by 20%

ENV_12_03 By 2021, ensure that 50% of communities have the Activities 159, 161 relevant environmental information and awareness for lifestyles adaptation in harmony with nature

ENV_12_04 By 2021, reduce charcoal consumption from Activity 160 indigenous species by 35% in urban areas through use of alternative energy sources

SDG13: Take urgent action to combat climate change and its impacts

ENV_13_01 Integrate international climate change measures Activities 159, 161 into national policies, strategies and planning and strengthen resilience and adaptive capacity to climate-related hazards and natural disaster

ENV_13_02 Improve education, awareness-raising and human Activities 159, 161 and institutional capacity on climate change adaptation, mitigation and early warning

ENV_13_03 By 2021, Improve and adapt existing National strategy for disaster reduction and risk management particularly drought resilience

Page 109 of 119

SDG15: Protect, restore and promote sustainable use of terrestrial ecosystems, sustainably manage forests, combat desertification, and halt and reverse land degradation and halt biodiversity loss

ENV_15_01 By 2021, allocate 10% of the country's land as Activity 162 protected areas (watershed area and biodiversity hotspots)

ENV_15_02 By 2019, assess 45 potential major community- grazing reserves and by 2021 restore and conserve 15 of them

ENV_15_03 By 2021, increase the number of conserved and Activity 162 protected endangered flora and fauna species by 50%

ENV_15_04 By 2021, improve existing environment legal framework to address the conservation of marine ecosystem and implement sustainable use of marine ecosystem specifically mangroves and other associated species and habitats

Compiled by: M&E Department, MoPND

10.3 Ministry of Environment and Rural Development

10.3.1 Roles and responsibilities The Ministry of Environment and Rural Development is the primary institution for environmental management. The Ministry is mandated to be at the forefront of championing environmental conservation and sustainable natural management practices in Somaliland. It is also expected to lead the other government institutions in adopting environmentally friendly technologies and means for development.

The Government’s goal has been to ensure environmental sustainability by reversing environmental damage and ensuring the sustainable use of natural resources and to achieve these goals the Ministry has implemented several projects to tackle environmental challenges. 10.3.2 Progress Activity 159 - Tree planting and distribution

The Ministry of Environment and Rural Development have produced 9,000 trees in Hargeisa and Burao nurseries, 6000 and 3000 respectively. A total of 5,500 trees were distributed in Hargeisa (2,500), Burao (1,500) and Berber (1,500). The Ministry expects to produce 200,000 trees in 2019.

Activity 160 - Alternative Energy sources

Charcoal production in Somaliland is perceived to have a devastating effect on the environment resulting in thousands of trees to be cut every day.

To reduce these negative effects the Ministry of Environment and Rural Development has promoted tax-exemption to encourage private companies to import LPG Gas. This has resulted in a reduction of the price of LPG Gas by 50%. The use of LPG Gas has increased over the last 3 years from 814 metric tons (2016) to 2,755 metric tons (2017) to 5,151 metric tons (2018). The Ministry, with assistance from

Page 110 of 119 the UNDP, also distributed 14,200 improved energy saving cooking stoves, of which some were made in Somaliland and others have been imported. Due to these two measures, the use of charcoal has decreased with about 30% in the big cities.

Activity 161 - Water for Agro-pastoral Livelihood Project

The Water for Agro-Pastoral Livelihoods Pilot Project (WALP) is to be implemented over a period of 18 months by the Ministry of Environment and Rural development working with the Ministries of Water Development, Agriculture, and Livestock. It is a pilot and learning project with four water infrastructure facilities in Awbarkhadle, Diinqal, Debis and Arabsiyo. In these locations, the WALP focuses on designing and using multi-sectoral (landscape) approaches in water supply infrastructures for improving the livelihoods of the beneficiary communities.

Activity 162 - Preventing poaching and the illegal export of Wildlife

The Ministry has established a Wildlife care sanctuary in Debis for the protection and conservation of Wildlife. The orphanage centre is functioning, and some antelopes are being looked after. 10.3.3 Next steps For the next period the Ministry of Environment and Rural Development intends to do the following:

❖ The development and implementation of educational and public awareness programmes on climate change ❖ Empower the existing institutional framework ❖ Develop National Drought Management Strategy and long-term programmes to mitigate climate change effects ❖ Community awareness raising in sustainable natural recourse management ❖ Conservation and protection of wildlife ❖ Village Reforestation program ❖ Improve the use of alternative energy to reduce charcoal consumptions. ❖ Restoration of grazing reserves

Page 111 of 119

11 Cross-cutting themes

11.1 Government institutions linked to the CCTs

The following government institutions are responsible for the cross-cutting themes of the NDP II (Employment & Labour, Social Protection and Youth):

o Ministry of Employment, Social and Family Affairs o Ministry of Youth and Sports o Ministry of Endowment and Religious Affairs o National Disaster Preparedness and Food Reserve Agency o National Refugees and Displaced Agency o National Zakaat and Charity Agency 11.2 NDP II Outcome – Employment and Labour

The table below provides a summary overview of activities that have during the reporting period contributed to the achievement of NDP II outcomes of the Employment & Labour cross-cutting theme. More detailed information about each activity is available in the section “Activities” under each contributing government institution.

Table 33: ACTIVITIES CONTRIBUTING TO OUTCOME – EMPLOYMENT & LABOUR CCT

Outcome NDP II Outcome description Contributing activities during code the reporting period

SDG4: Ensure inclusive and equitable quality education and promote lifelong learning opportunities for all

EMP_04_01 By 2021, increase the number of individuals who Activity 167 have relevant education and skills, including technical and vocational skills for employment by 20%

SDG8: Promote sustained, inclusive and sustainable economic growth, full and productive employment and decent work for all

EMP_08_01 By 2021, increase the proportion of men, women Activity 164, 167 and youth including persons with disabilities in employment by 20%, 20% and 20%, respectively

EMP_08_02 By 2021, reduce the proportion of youth not in Activity 163, 164 employment, education or training to 25% for males and 17% for females

EMP_08_03 By 2021, strengthen and enforce the policy, legal Activities 163, 164 and institutional framework for protecting labour rights, promoting entrepreneurship, safe and secure working environment for all workers, and eliminating child labour

Page 112 of 119

11.3 NDP II Outcome – Social Protection

The table below provides a summary overview of activities that have during the reporting period contributed to the achievement of NDP II outcomes of the Social Protection cross-cutting theme. More detailed information about each activity is available in the section “Activities” under each contributing government institution.

Table 34: ACTIVITIES CONTRIBUTING TO OUTCOME – SOCIAL PROTECTION CCT

Outcome NDP II Outcome description Contributing activities during code the reporting period

SDG1: End poverty in all its forms

SOC_01_01 By 2021, reduce the proportion of men, women Activities 163, 170, 171, 172, and children of all ages living in extreme poverty in 173 all its dimensions according to national definitions by 20%

SOC_01_02 By 2021, 30% of vulnerable population will have Activities 168, 170, 171, 172, access to social protection systems 173

SOC_01_03 By 2021, proportion of vulnerable people have Activity 170. See also Health, access to basic services will increase by 5% Education and WASH sectors

SDG5: Achieve gender equality and empower all women, girls and other marginalized groups

SOC_05_01 By 2021 Implement legal framework that will Activity 164 reduce all forms of discrimination against all marginalized groups (women, children, minority, people with disability and youth) everywhere

SOC_05_02 By 2021, reduce the incidence of domestic violence Activity 166 against women by 16%

SOC_05_03 By 2021 reduce the incidences of rape and other Activity 166 forms of sexual violence by 50%

SOC_05_04 By 2021, reduce the new incidences of FGM Activity 164 amongst young girls to 8%

SOC_05_05 By 2021, reduce the new incidence of early and Activity 165 forced marriage by 5%

SOC_05_06 By 2021, the Government of Somaliland will allocate 2% annual budget for the promotion of gender equality and the empowerment of all women and girls at all levels

SDG10: Reduce inequality within and among countries

SOC_10_01 By 2021, the Government of Somaliland will enact and adapt non-discriminatory policies and legislations

Compiled by: M&E Department, MoPND

Page 113 of 119

11.4 NDP II Outcome – Youth

The table below provides a summary overview of activities that have during the reporting period contributed to the achievement of NDP II outcomes of the Youth cross-cutting theme. More detailed information about each activity is available in the section “Activities” under each contributing government institution.

Table 35: ACTIVITIES CONTRIBUTING TO OUTCOME – YOUTH CCT

Outcome NDP II Outcome description Contributing activities during code the reporting period

SDG1: End poverty in all its forms

YOU_01_01 By 2021, will reduce the number of youths aged Activity 171 15-35 living in poverty based on Somaliland definitions by 15%

YOU_01_02 By 2021, 2% of youth aged 15-35 will be able to access financial services and microfinance

YOU_01_03 By 2021, the Government of Somaliland with international partners will establish a cross- ministry Youth and Sports Development Fund

YOU_01_04 By 2018, The Government of Somaliland will have a pro-poor and gender sensitive Youth Policy

SDG3: Ensure healthy lives and promote well-being for all at all ages

YOU_03_01 By 2021, 50% of Somaliland Youth aged 15-35 will be aware of preventative measures to avoid contracting AIDS, tuberculosis, malaria and neglected tropical diseases and combat hepatitis, water-borne diseases and other communicable diseases

YOU_03_02 By 2021, 50% of Somaliland Youth aged 15-35 will be aware of the negative effects of Khat and other narcotic drugs including opportunities for treatment

YOU_03_03 By 2021, The Government of Somaliland will seek to reduce the number of traffic related deaths amongst Youth aged 15-35 by 25%

YOU_03_04 By 2021, 60% of Somaliland youth will engage in Activities 174, 175 sport, physical exercise and productive leisure activities

SDG4: Ensure inclusive and equitable quality education and promote lifelong learning opportunities for all

YOU_04_01 By 2021, 30% of Somaliland Youth aged 15-35 will Activity 172 have access to an accredited vocational or higher education training course

Page 114 of 119

YOU_04_02 By 2021, 30% of Somaliland Youth aged 15-35 will Activity 172 have basic ICT skills and literacy YOU_04_03 By 2021, reduce proportion of youth in the Activity 172 vocational training and tertiary education access disparities between male and female Youth by 20% YOU_04_04 By 2021, reduce proportion of youth in the Activity 172 vocational training and tertiary education access disparities between rural and urban Youth by 15% YOU_04_05 By 2021, reduce proportion of youth in the Activity 172 vocational training and tertiary education access disparities between those Youth with and without disability by 10% YOU_04_06 By 2021, 62% male Youth aged between 15-35 will be literate YOU_04_07 By 2021, 57% female Youth aged between 15-35 will be literate SDG8: Promote sustained, inclusive and sustainable economic growth, full and productive employment and decent work for all

YOU_08_01 By 2019, Somaliland will have a functioning Youth Activity 171 Job Creation and Entrepreneurship Policy YOU_08_02 By 2021, 40% of female and 70% of male Activity 171 Somaliland youth aged 15-35 will be in some form of employment, education or training YOU_08_03 By 2021, the Government of Somaliland will have an effective and practical policy prohibiting human trafficking SDG16: Promote peaceful and inclusive societies for sustainable development, provide access to justice for all and build effective, accountable and inclusive institutions at all levels

YOU_16_01 By 2021, the Government of Somaliland will have reduced individual participation in youth violence by 25%. YOU_16_02 By 2021, reduce female youth exploitation and rape by 50%. YOU_16_03 By 2021, will seek to have 30% of Somaliland Activity 165 political decision-making positions (Local Government/Parliament/MDAs) being youth aged 15-35. SDG17: Strengthen the means of implementation and revitalize the Global Partnership for Sustainable Development

YOU_17_01 By 2021, the Government of Somaliland will hold 5 National Youth Development Coordination and Monitoring Conferences Compiled by: M&E Department, MoPND

Page 115 of 119

11.5 Ministry of Employment, Social Affairs and Family

11.5.1 Roles and responsibilities The Ministry is the leading agency of mainly cross cutting themes regarding Employment and Social Protection sector. The Ministry has made important achievements in terms of service delivery as well as employment and social protection legal frameworks, including the development of the National Internship policy, Pension policy, Employment creation policy, Family income generation, and stronger coordination among partners. 11.5.2 Progress Activity 163 - Promotion of employment

The Ministry successfully conducted the annual national employment conference, which resulted in the following:

❖ The adoption of the National Employment Policy for Somaliland by all key stakeholders of the conference. ❖ There is need for a multi-sectorial approach and the involvement of all relevant ministries working on youth, labour and employment issues to create synergies in attacking unemployment. ❖ More work is needed with the private sector to expand the employment/internships of young people, with targeted youth support and incentives schemes. ❖ Business organizations have endorsed the youth employment strategy as a practical and concrete way in which partnerships can be developed. They will undertake discussions within their structures to identify specific actions that can be taken to improve youth employment. ❖ Public initiatives, such as the recently established Somaliland Youth Fund will be encouraged to develop and strengthen dedicated programmes of support for youth enterprises and youth co-ops. Consideration will be given to enable and strengthen private and public sector commitment to improve youth employment.

Activity 164 - Development of policies, strategies and regulatory framework

The Ministry worked on the following regulatory instruments:

❖ The National Internship Policy has been developed and finalized; ❖ The Somaliland Labour Law act has been reviewed; ❖ The National Employment Policy has been developed; ❖ The Ministry’s five-year strategic plan has been developed and finalized; ❖ The bill regarding Female Genital Mutilation was developed (FGM/C bill); ❖ The National Disability Policy has been reviewed and its Action Plan developed; ❖ The Child Protection Policy, the Child Alternative Care Policy and the Children’s Rights Act have been reviewed / developed and a national conference conducted. The Ministry also organised capacity building workshops for child protection stakeholders. ❖ The Pension Policy and the Pension Bill were formulated and finalized through consultative meetings;

Activity 165 - Promoting gender equality

The Ministry developed the Quota bill for women to enhance their political participation and 150 female political aspirants were trained in public speaking, leadership and campaigning.

Page 116 of 119

Activity 166 - Reducing Gender Based Violence

A total of 23 community committees were trained on GBV prevention and response. The directory of GBV service providers has been updated.

Activity 167 - Promote income generation in vulnerable families

The Ministry provided support to 20 families to start their own income generating businesses.

Activity 168 - Assist Cyclone Sagar affected communities

The Ministry contributed to the distribution of Dignity Kits in communities in Sagar cyclone affected areas. 11.6 National Refugees and Displaced Agency

11.6.1 Roles and responsibilities During this reporting period the agency carried out food distribution, non-food items, water trucking, providing shelter, promoting livelihood and other activities to its target group, which are internally displaced people (IDPs), refugees/asylum seekers, irregular immigrants and returnees. The agency also conducted awareness raising campaigns and meetings. 11.6.2 Progress Activity 169 - Institutional Development

The structure of the agency was revised during the reporting period.

Activity 170 - Distribution of food items, water and non-food items

The agency reached the following number of beneficiaries during the reporting period:

❖ Distributed food items to 13,590 IDPs families in Maroodijeex, Toogdher, Awdal, Sanag and Sool regions. ❖ Distributed 30 water tanks to Bali Matan and Mohamed Mogeh IDPs ❖ Distributed 550 non-food items (NFIs), mainly plastic sheets, sleeping matrasses and blankets to 550IDP households at Nasa hablood and Bali Mataan of Maroodjieex region. NFIs were also provided to 218 migrants.

Activity 171 - Provision of shelter

The agency reached the following number of beneficiaries during the reporting period:

❖ Constructed 274 houses in Ainabo and Adhi Adeye districts of Sool region and handed over to the selected IDPs. ❖ Constructed 35 latrines for Sarar IDPs ❖ Land deeds of 145 houses were completed and ready to distribute

Activity 172 - Livelihood support

The agency reached the following number of beneficiaries during the reporting period:

❖ Supported livelihood of 3,075 households in Sool region through unconditional cash transfers for a period of two months (March and April 2018) ❖ Created income generation activities for 240 households.

Page 117 of 119

Activity 173 - Registration and support to migrants, refugees and returnees

The agency reached the following number of beneficiaries during the reporting period:

❖ 312 migrants have been registered ❖ 83 migrants were provided with counselling ❖ 1,025 migrants were provided with health care support ❖ 119 migrants have contacted the MRC office (hotline communication) ❖ 728 returnees were registered, mainly from Yemen (due to the civil war in Yemen). These returnees were Somalis and Somalilanders (618 and 110 respectively) ❖ 91 returnees from Libya were registered ❖ 642 refugees were registered from different countries (Yemen, Ethiopia, Iraq, Syria and Palestine) 11.7 Ministry of Youth and Sports

11.7.1 Roles and responsibilities The Ministry of Youth and Sport was established on the 20th of February 2000 to represent and address youth and sport concerns in Somaliland. This was found necessary against the backdrop that despite the numerical strength of young people, they are not well represented in the national, political, socio- economic and development processes. As such, the Ministry was to coordinate and mainstream youth issues in the National Development Plan.

The Ministry is responsible for the overall development of youth in Somaliland. Its aim is to empower them, build their confidence, develop their physical and artistic talents, provide sports facilities in a safe environment, promote youth employment and development by designing policies and programmes that build young people’s capacity to resist risk factors and enhance protective factors. 11.7.2 Progress Activity 174 - Development of sports playgrounds

The Ministry of Youth and Sport has, using national budget allocations, constructed and improved various football stadiums to improve the standard of football tournaments:

❖ Establishment of artificial grass in the football stadiums of Lasanod, Burao, and Berbera. ❖ Construction of a new football stadium in Erigavo and Sheekh.

Activity 175 - Promotion of and participation in sports tournaments

The Ministry of Youth and Sport conducted since July 2017 different tournaments for sports such as football, basketball and athletics:

❖ The Somaliland Football Federation organized a tournament, which was conducted in August —September 2018. A total of 29 clubs attended for the different divisions, such as division A (10 teams), division B (10 teams) and division C 9 teams); ❖ The Hargeisa District Athletics tournament, running a 5 km distance, at which attended 200 youth athletics from the different districts in Hargeisa; ❖ Two Somalilander athletes attended the Djibouti Athletics Tournament, held in March 2018, and participated in the 800m and 1500m races.

Page 118 of 119

Activity 176 - Promotion of Youth Employment

Various programs and projects, supported by different development partners, INGOs and LNGOs, have contributed to youth job creation through training and coaching of existing and new entrepreneurs and starting small businesses, thus contributing to sustainable youth employment in growth sectors, with special attention to young women.

In order to recruit ambitious entrepreneurial-minded youth for the LEAD programmes, our LEAD partners organised business plan development training courses and competitions. On average, the trainings took place over 5 - 10 days and covered topics such as i) How to write a business plan, ii) Market analysis / business feasibility, iii) Pitching your business idea, iv) Branding, v) Licensing and Registration of a Business, vi) Basic bookkeeping, vii) Paying taxes, and viii) Access to finance. The participants' willingness to start a business overwhelmingly increased 82.15%.

In total 426 male and 371 female existing and new entrepreneurs were recruited to participate in entrepreneurial initiatives. A total of 3,223 male and 2,444 female existing and new entrepreneurs participated in coaching and training activities.

Activity 177 - Introducing or improving Training Programmes in Higher (Vocational) Education

After extensive preparations for the apprenticeship programme in 2016, Shaqodoon successfully secured internships and apprenticeships for a total of 2,220 students throughout Somaliland. The 1079 young men and 1141 young women participated in the ten separate university programmes at institutions. The internships ranged from 1 month to 6 months in public or private sector institutions and/or companies. In the fourth quarter, Shaqodoon evaluated 59 students who participated in the internship programme, with 100% of the respondents stating that they thought the internship had improved their work skills, and with 66% citing having learnt new skills and gained new experience.

Due to the success of the internship programme, the Somaliland Ministry of Higher Education is seeking to establish national internship guidelines with SPARK. The internship policy will require every university graduate to complete an internship in order to qualify for graduation.

Activity 178 - Building new youth centres

The Ministry of Youth and Sport, in collaboration with UNFPA and Gabilay local government, constructed a new youth centre in 2018 in Gabilay district and a Hargeisa Hub was built in collaboration with SPARK through the LEAD project.

Page 119 of 119