ANNUAL OF MEDIEVAL STUDIES AT CEU VOL. 22 2016 Central European University Budapest ANNUAL OF MEDIEVAL STUDIES AT CEU VOL. 22 2016 Edited by Judith A. Rasson and Zsuzsanna Reed Central European University Budapest Department of Medieval Studies All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means without the permission of the publisher. Editorial Board Gerhard Jaritz, György Geréby, Gábor Klaniczay, József Laszlovszky, Judith A. Rasson, Marianne Sághy, Katalin Szende, Daniel Ziemann Editors Judith A. Rasson and Zsuzsanna Reed Technical Assistant Kyra Lyublyanovics Cover Illustration Copper coin of Béla III (1172–1196), CNH 101, Hungary. Pannonia Terra Numizmatika © (reproduced with permission) Department of Medieval Studies Central European University H-1051 Budapest, Nádor u. 9., Hungary Postal address: H-1245 Budapest 5, P.O. Box 1082 E-mail: [email protected] Net: http://medievalstudies.ceu.edu Copies can be ordered at the Department, and from the CEU Press http://www.ceupress.com/order.html Volumes of the Annual are available online at: http://www.library.ceu.hu/ams/ ISSN 1219-0616 Non-discrimination policy: CEU does not discriminate on the basis of—including, but not limited to—race, color, national or ethnic origin, religion, gender or sexual orientation in administering its educational policies, admissions policies, scholarship and loan programs, and athletic and other school-administered programs. © Central European University Produced by Archaeolingua Foundation & Publishing House TABLE OF CONTENTS Editors’ preface ............................................................................................................ 5 I. ARTICLES AND STUDIES ........................................................... 7 Johanna Rákos-Zichy To Bury and to Praise: The Late Antique Bishop at His Parents’ Grave ............................................... 9 Lucas McMahon De Velitatione Bellica and Byzantine Guerrilla Warfare ........................... 22 Vedran Sulovsky At the Crossroads between Personal Piety and Imperial Ideology: The Cappenberg Head and Frederick Barbarossa ........................................... 34 Péter T. Nagy “Islamic” Artefacts in Hungary from the Reign of Béla III (1172–1196): Two Case Studies ........................................................................................... 49 Zhexin Xu Perceptions of Horses in Thirteenth- and Fourteenth-Century China ............... 62 Mišo Petrović The Role of the Church in the Two Succession Crises in Hungary in the Fourteenth Century ............................................................ 77 Krisztina Ilkó Angels and Demons: Visualising the Battle for the Soul between Angels and Demons in Late Medieval Art ..................................................... 89 Aamir Shahzada Khan Multaqā al-Abḥur of Ibrāhīm al-Ḥalabī (d. 1549): Authority and Pragmatism in an Ottoman Legal Compendium .................... 106 Communicating Sainthood: Special Papers ................................. 117 Gábor Klaniczay Research Continues on the Cult of the Saints .............................................. 119 Eszter Konrád Holy Friars in Hungary and Beyond in Franciscan Literature ...................... 121 Emőke Nagy Urban Patronage of Saint Anne Altars in Late Medieval Hungary ............ 145 Ottó Gecser Holy Helpers and the Transformation of Saintly Patronage at the End of the Middle Ages ......................................... 174 3 Empire and Nation: The Best Papers Presented at the 2015 Undergraduate Conference .................................................... 203 Harrison King Preface .......................................................................................................... 205 Shweta Raghu Hybrid Identity/Pure Performance: Limpieza de Sangre and the Creation of a Global Spanish Empire ........ 207 Jack F. Stein Wallerstein and the Eighteenth Century: Exploring the Transition Between the Dutch and British Hegemonies ................................................................ 219 Stefan Gužvica The Fight for Yugoslavia: Left-Wing Nationalism among Yugoslav Student Émigrés in Prague ............................................................. 228 Jessica Salley Where Do We Put the Past? Archaeology and Preservation in Early Republican Planning and Practice in Turkey ................................... 238 Frederik Ørskov Filmmaking and Nation Building: Discourses of ‘Danishness’ in the State- Initiated Production of Short Films in the Immediate Post-War Era ............ 249 II. REPORT ON THE YEAR ........................................................ 261 Daniel Ziemann Report of the Head of Department for the Academic Year 2014–2015 ....... 263 Alice Choyke, Alexandra Kowalski, József Laszlovszky, Judith Rasson Cultural Heritage Studies at CEU: A New Degree Program and its Concept ...................................................... 276 Abstracts of MA Theses Defended in 2015 .............................................. 286 PhD Defenses during the Academic Year 2014–2015 ............................. 303 4 EDITORS’ PREFACE Lectori Salutem! Volume 22 of the Annual of the CEU Medieval Studies Department offers a report of the year’s activities for the academic year 2014–2015. A central focus for students in both MA programs (one- and two-year) is to research and write an MA thesis. The articles in the fi rst section of this volume are based on successful theses completed in the two programs. As usual, the chronological spread is wide – the articles are arranged from oldest to youngest – from the Late Classical (some call it Late Antique) period to the sixteenth century. The geographical reach is equally broad, from Western, Central, and Eastern Europe to Asia Minor and Asia itself (the Byzantine, Ottoman, and Chinese empires). The analytical approaches and primary sources are equally diverse, from archival documents in historical contexts through art historical approaches to medieval art and material culture. The second group of articles features a long-term interest of the Medieval Studies Department and present solid research results on medieval cults of the saints arrived at in the context of a research consortium that was originally funded from 2010 to 2014. The expiration of the research grant did not mean the end of research! Three articles about cults of saints continue and extend the work of the original research group, with an introduction by Gábor Klaniczay, who spearheaded the original Saints’ project. The third block of articles is something of a departure for the Annual, which is usually devoted to medieval-period topics that sometimes verge into the Early Modern Period. The papers in this group were presented at an undergraduate conference called “Empire and Nation” that was organized by the Department of History and the Department of Medieval Studies and held at CEU from August 4 to 7, 2016, sponsored by CEU. The novelty here is not the student authors, but rather the large geographical space and time range covered. The topics addressed mark a broad geographical sweep from Western and Eastern Europe and Turkey to European colonies in the Americas from the sixteenth to the twentieth century. Besides the broad time span, the research orientations range from political history through archival investigation to art history. The Annual, as usual, offers information about departmental activities through various types of summary data. Abstracts of all the MA theses and PhD dissertations that were defended this year appear in the fi nal block. The departmental head’s report, contributed by the head, Daniel Ziemann, describes the events and developments of the year in the department. This year we also 5 include a report on the new Cultural Heritage Studies Program, a two-year MA program that will soon graduate its fi rst group of MAs. In conclusion, we would like to thank all the contributors, who answered our questions about their manuscripts and worked with us to arrive at the most effective presentation of their work, and Kyra Lyublyanovics, research assistant, who resolved many background production problems. Archaeolingua has once again turned the straw of our manuscripts into published gold. 6 PART 1 Articles and Studies TO BURY AND TO PRAISE: THE LATE ANTIQUE BISHOP AT HIS PARENTS’ GRAVE1 Johanna Rákos-Zichy How often does one hear modern bishops offering homilies and panegyrics for their deceased family members? While such events must undoubtedly happen in today’s Christian Churches, these commemorations remain strictly relegated to the realm of private grief, far from the public limelight. In contrast, late antique bishops were eager to praise their deceased family members in public. A set of texts pronounced by bishops at the burials of their parents attests the rise of the commemoration of relatives in the fourth-century Church. These “family commemorations” by bishops form a unique and intriguing corpus in the textual sources of the early Church. Why did these bishops bring their private loss onto the public scene by communal commemoration in the Church? This paper examines episcopal burials and the commemoration of family members in the Latin West in the context of the reform of Christian funerary cults undertaken by Damasus of Rome, Ambrose of Milan, and Augustine of Hippo. I argue that the form of commemoration these infl uential bishops chose to advertise by their epigrams, treatises, and homilies refl ects their ideas