Irrigation Development in Marathwada Region JPP 2018; SP1: 2995-2999
Total Page:16
File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb
Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry 2018; SP1: 2995-2999 E-ISSN: 2278-4136 P-ISSN: 2349-8234 Irrigation development in Marathwada region JPP 2018; SP1: 2995-2999 MS Hinge MS Hinge, SS Bansode and SS Kale Prof. (Agril. Economics) Sau. K.S.K COA Beed VNMKV Parbhani, Abstract Maharashtra, India The growth rate of number of wells was highest in Nanded district in all three periods i.e. 4.01, 4.06 and 4.64 per cent per annum, respectively and lowest in Parbhani district i.e. -0.95 per annum. The growth SS Bansode rate of oil engines was highest in Latur district i.e. 13.82 per cent per annum and lowest in Parbhani Prof. (MBA Agriculture) district i.e. -14.69 per cent per annum. The growth rate of electric engines was highest as 14.57 per cent Sau K.S.K COA Beed per annum in Beed district and lowest in Latur district as -0.45 per cent per annum. The growth in the VNMKV Parbhani, area irrigated by surface sources was highest in Beed district i.e. 15.83 per cent per annum and lowest in Maharashtra, India Latur district i.e. -10.86 per cent per annum. The area irrigated by subsurface sources has highest growth rate of 11.69 per cent per annum in Nanded district and lowest in Parbhani district with 1.55 per cent per SS Kale Prof. (MBA Agriculture) annum. The growth rate of area under surface irrigation was highest in Beed district and lowest in growth Shriman COABM Paniv rate in Latur district. The growth rate of area under subsurface irrigation was highest in Nanded district MPKV Rahuri, Maharashtra, and lowest in growth rate in Parbhani district. The growth rate of total irrigated area was highest in India Osmanabad district with 11.32 per cent per annum and lowest in Parbhani district i.e. -1.34 per cent per annum. The growth in percentage gross irrigated to gross cropped area was highest in Latur with 12.17 per cent per annum and lowest in Aurangabad with -0.20 per cent per annum. Wheat irrigated area was highest in Aurangabad district as 429.10 hundred hectares. Growth rate was highest as 18.78 per cent per annum in Osmanabad district. The mean irrigated area under rabi jowar was highest in Beed district with 522.40 hundred hectares and growth rate was highest in Hingoli district as 15.84 per cent per annum in second period. The irrigated area was highest in Aurangabad district with 220.40 hundred hectares. The growth rate was highest in Latur district with 19.65 per cent per annum. The irrigated area under summer groundnut was highest in Parbhani district with 266 hundred hectares. The growth rate was highest in Aurangabad district with 9.38 per cent per annum. The Latur district was having highest irrigated area of 350.30 hundred hectares. The growth rate was highest in Osmanabad district with 13.65 per cent per annum. Keywords: Irrigation, Growth Rate, Surface Irrigation, Sub-surface Irrigation Introduction Water constitutes one of the several inputs for crop production which feeds human being. Though water is renewable, it is finite. Therefore, water needs to be conserved and use efficiency. Availability of water is not regular as it is governed by the occurrence and distribution of rainfall. Hence it is highly essential to control water use and improve water use efficiency. “Irrigation is the artificial application of water to promote growth of crops from different sources such as rivers, springs, lakes, wells etc.”Water is the most important input for enhancing agricultural productivity. India has numerous rivers with an estimated total catchment area of 252.8 m ha. The irrigation potential of India estimated to be 139.5 m ha in 2009-10. The ground water available for irrigation is 360 km3. The annual precipitation including snowfall, the main source of water in India is estimated to 4000 be km3. The amount of rainfall in various regions in the country is variable. Hence irrigation in India has been of primary importance. Though there has been a 161per cent increase in the land under irrigation in India over the past 4 decades, it is supposed to be only 33per cent of the estimated potential. The net irrigated area in the country is about 5.5 m ha. Through tanks 3.1 m ha, Canal 17.1 m ha, through tanks 3.1 m ha, tube wells 17.9 m ha, other wells 11.9 m ha and other sources including drip and sprinkler irrigation 6.5 m ha. The country as a whole receives good rainfall in the both monsoon seasons and there is ample scope for rainwater harvesting, storage and recycling. Through rainwater harvesting more cropped area can be brought under irrigation where total rainfall exceed 700 mm. per annum India has the second largest net irrigated area Correspondence in the world after China. The irrigation efficiency under canal irrigation is not more than 40 MS Hinge Prof. (Agril. Economics) per cent and for ground water schemes, it is 69per cent. The net irrigated area in the country Sau. K.S.K COA Beed 53.5 m ha which is about 38per cent of total sown area. VNMKV Parbhani, In India 70 per cent of agriculture land is dependent on the monsoon. Irrigation can conceived Maharashtra, India as an insurance against monsoon failure. In addition to insurance today’s trend is to consider a ~ 2995 ~ Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry viral input in maximizing the production. The major irrigation Stability analysis sources in India today are wells, canals, tanks which irrigate The stability of the area of the crop was measured in terms of about 30 per cent of net cropped area of this wells account 49 the coefficient of variation (C.V.). per cent, canals 38 per cent and tanks 7 per cent. The C.V. = S.D. / mean X 100 traditional source of irrigation like tanks has a declining trend. Though it was a crude measure it was used to have some The increase in groundwater exploitation is growing at a understanding about the rate of fluctuations which may be due faster rate. to the season technology relative prices etc. and which may Maharashtra state as of today came into existence in 1960. differ from period to period. The increasing population was facing shortage of food grains. This has led to need of increasing agricultural production. By Mean giving priority to agricultural development, attempt has been In-spite of the variations or fluctuating in the figure it was made to achieve irrigation development in a planned manner. also interesting to know about the average for a certain period Adequate, timely and reliable water supply is a paramount and ultimately this has a more meaning from the point of view importance in agriculture and irrigation development plays a of the farming community. key role in alleviating rural poverty. In Maharashtra, the gross and net irrigated area during 2008- Irrigation ratios 09 was 39.70 lakh ha and 32.55 lakh ha respectively. The Irrigation ratios also are important to compare the irrigation percentage of gross irrigated area to gross cropped area was potential which exists in the districts and how this changing 17.7 in 2008-09 out of the net irrigated area, the area irrigated over the periods. The irrigation ratio is as below: under wells was 21.15 lakh ha (65 per cent). The state Gross irrigated area / gross cropped area (in percentage) government has undertaken various major, medium and minor irrigation projects to create maximum irrigation potential. Terms and concepts used: However, there is a wide gap between potential created and Irrigation utilized in major, minor projects. The total irrigation potential Irrigation is the artificial application of water to promote utilized in the state during 2009-10 was 30.5 lakh ha of which growth of crops from different sources such as rivers, springs, 17.71 lakh ha was from major irrigation projects, 3.67 lakh ha lakes, wells etc. was from medium irrigation projects and remaining 9.12 lakh ha was from minor irrigation projects. Surface irrigation At present, farmers predominantly adopt the surface irrigation Intermittent application of water to the field surface under methods i.e. sprinkler and drip irrigation. Farmers are using gravity flow which results in a series of ‘on’ of ‘off’ modes of surface irrigation methods on large scale yet it’s field level constant of variable time spans. application efficiency is often only 40-50 per cent In Maharashtra area under drip and sprinkler irrigation was 5.41 Subsurface irrigation lakh ha and 2.71 lakh ha in March 2010, respectively. In Water is applied through underground perforated pipes, Marathwada region total gross irrigated area was 9459 ha and through deep trenches at 15-30 m intervals water gradually total net irrigated area was 7540 ha in 1999-2000. Area under wets root zone through capillary movement. well irrigation was 5982 ha in 1999-2000. Net irrigated area Materials and Method Net irrigated area is defined as the area which irrigated once Keeping the view of the objective of study all the important during a year. aspects which were compositely deemed to depict the relationship was included in the study. Gross irrigated area The analysis based on time series data has been done by large When net irrigated area is added to the area irrigated more number of the scientists and which was suppose to have than once we obtained the gross irrigated area. reliability in the data though in aggregate manner.