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19 - A CASE STUDY A CASE LATUR’S 100 DAYS OF FIGHT AGAINST COVID AGAINST OF FIGHT DAYS 100 LATUR’S G SREEKANTH (IAS) (Mentor) SAGAR SHAH (Author) Latur’s 100 Days of Fight against COVID-19, A Case Study 1 Latur’s 100 Days of Fight against COVID-19, A Case Study 2 Latur’s 100 Days of Fight against COVID-19 A Case Study Latur’s 100 Days of Fight againstG Sreekanth COVID (IAS)- 19 (Mentor) Case Study Sagar Shah (Author) Latur’s 100 Days of Fight against COVID-19 Latur’s 100 Days of Fight against COVID-19, A Case Study 3 A Case Study by Sagar Shah under the guidance of Shri. G. Sreekanth (IAS), Collector & District Magistrate, Latur, (MH) Developed by: Authors Copyright: © Authors, 2020 First Edition: July 2020 Co-ordination & Design: Sagar Shah Content Contributor: Anil Paulkar Printer & Publisher: Idea Solutions, Pune [email protected] All Rights Reserved. No part of this Case Study may be reproduced or transmitted in whole or in part in any form or by any means, including but not limited to, electronics or mechanical, photographing, recording, or by any information storage and retrieval system, without the written permission of the authors. While adequate care has been taken to cite and reference all the sources of matter in an appropriate manner, if there has been any oversight in citing any author or source then that is purely unintentional and we would request the reader to inform us of the same so that appropriate corrections can be made in the future editions. The authors have no intention of plagiarizing any source. This Case Study is for capacity building purposes only. It is not intended for sale. This Case Study is written for the purpose of sharing of ideas and experiences only. It should not be considered as being binding on any entity. SUGGESTED CITATION: Latur’s 100 days of fight against COVID-19: A Case Study. July 2020 by: Sagar Shah. Latur’s 100 Days of Fight against COVID-19, A Case Study 4 Contents Introduction Preface Acknowledgements Abbreviations PART ONE OVERVIEW 01 Chapter ONE, The Story Chapter TWO, Facts about COVID-19 Chapter THREE, Challenges PART TWO TRANSFORMATION 02 Chapter FOUR, Holistic Approach Chapter FIVE, The Building Blocks PART THREE ATTAINING SUSTAINABILITY Chapter SIX, GoI & GoM Initiatives 03 Chapter SEVEN, Latur Initiatives Chapter EIGHT, Statistics PART FOUR MAINTAINING SUSTAINABILITY Chapter NINE, Government Schemes 04 Chapter TEN, Preparedness & Response 05 PART FIVE CONCLUSION Chapter ELEVEN, Media Chapter TWELVE, Comparison Chapter THIRTEEN, Testimonies About the Authors Latur’s 100 Days of Fight against COVID-19, A Case Study 5 Latur’s 100 Days of Fight against COVID-19, A Case Study 6 human population and contribute to approximately one-third of common cold infections in humans. The other two viruses are Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (SARS-CoV) and Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (MERS Coronavirus) causing severe respiratory diseases. Coronaviruses such as SARS and MERS, are zoonotic, and can be transmitted from animals (civet cats and dromedary camels, respectively) to humans. INTRODUCTION (SARS-CoV was first reported in 2002-2003 in Guangdong, China and MERS A cluster of pneumonia of unknown coronavirus was first identified in Saudi etiology was reported in Wuhan City, Arabia in 2012). Hubei Province of China on 31 December 2019. On 7 January, Chinese authority The precise zoonotic (animal) origin of the identified a new type of coronavirus as the 2019-nCoV is still uncertain. The virus has cause of pneumonia outbreak, which is been identified in environmental samples different from any other human from a live animal market in Wuhan, China coronaviruses discovered so far. The new and some human cases have been strain is named as 2019-nCoV. Afterwards epidemiologically linked to this market. on 11 February 2020, this virus is named as severe acute respiratory syndrome Epidemiological evidence shows that coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and disease is 2019-nCoV can be transmitted from one named as COVID-19 by World Health individual to another. In the previous Organisation (WHO). outbreaks of other coronaviruses such as MERS-CoV and SARS, human-to-human To date, other six human coronaviruses transmission occurred most commonly (HCoVs) have been identified. Out of through droplets, personal contact, and these, four are globally circulated in the Latur’s 100 Days of Fight against COVID-19, A Case Study 7 contaminated objects. The modes of advisories, status across States is available transmission of 2019-nCoV are similar. online. The country's infrastructure is aligned to According to WHO, additional support all containment measures while investigations are needed to determine ensuring safety and sustenance of lives how the patients were infected, the extent of all social strata. of human-to-human transmission, the Policy, plans and announcements from clinical spectrum of disease, and the stakeholders in all critical sectors such as geographic range of infection. Railways, Civil Aviation, Transport and Finance indicate the preparedness to On 30 January 2020, the Director-General collaboratively combat the pandemic. of WHO declared the 2019-nCoV outbreak a public health emergency of international Latur Administration is taking all necessary concern under the International Health steps to ensure that we are prepared well Regulations (IHR) (2005). to face the challenge and threat posed by the growing pandemic of COVID-19. With COVID-19 outbreak was declared as active support of the people of the district, pandemic by WHO on 11 March 2020. Latur District Administration was able to According to WHO it is a controllable contain the spread of the Coronavirus in pandemic and urged all countries to take a our district. The most important factor in comprehensive approach considering preventing the spread of this virus locally their circumstances and with containment is to empower the citizens with the right measures as the central pillar. information and taking precautions as per the advisories being issued by the Ministry Our nation has geared up to combat the of Health & Family Welfare. pandemic with proactive measures in line with global approaches and guidelines Sagar Shah from the Ministry of Health and Family Consultant Latur District Administration, Welfare, and the Ministry of Home Affairs. Latur, (MH) In the unifying spirit of participation, the *https://www.who.int/emergencies/diseases/n Government is engaging with all citizens to ovel-coronavirus-2019 combat the virus. A dashboard of *https://ncdc.gov.in/index4.php?lang=1&level= 0&linkid=127&lid=432 Latur’s 100 Days of Fight against COVID-19, A Case Study 8 reality in many countries. People all over the world will have to adapt and invent new lifestyles and it has become the most disruptive event since World War II. We believe that the current situation needs a new type of outlook and treatment. Humanity is confronting an unknown and threatening disease which is often severe and fatal. Health care systems are overwhelmed. There is no proven treatment and vaccines and will not be available soon. Such a situation has PREFACE not existed since the flu pandemic in 1918. In this case study we aimed to describe a For quite some time, prevention will variety of techniques that reflect the wide continue to be the primary pillar of range of initiatives and actions currently pandemic control. In future waves of the being taken to tackle COVID-19 pandemic. SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, we will focus on However, most of the initiatives described the conditions under which SARS-CoV-2 is can also be applicable to other challenges best transmitted: crowded, closed (and similar to this in the future, so we hope noisy) places and spaces. Although that this case study will have wider appeal. hospitals are not noisy, they are crowded As such, we have started this case study and closed, and the battle against the new with an introduction chapter of current coronavirus will be decided at the very situation & understanding of coronavirus. centre of our healthcare system. Over the next months and maybe years, one of all While SARS-CoV-2 seems under control in of our top priorities will be to give all China, the epidemic is moving on a faster healthcare workers and patients all the pace in the west. What only weeks ago support required to fight the pandemic. seemed an impossible feat – imposing and enforcing strict quarantine measures and We believe a clear head is crucial in times isolating millions of people – is now a of over-information, with dozens of Latur’s 100 Days of Fight against COVID-19, A Case Study 9 scientific papers published every day, news about hundreds of studies being planned or already on the way and social media blending hard data with rumours and fake news. The tedious work of screening the scientific literature and the scientific data has to be done – regularly & constantly, like a Swiss watch. Highlights • Due to the very recent outbreak of COVID-19, our knowledge is expanding as new data is presented. • Pandemic's outbreak behavior and the effectiveness of the initiatives. • A new procedure based on regression approach to calculate the case fatality rate during pandemics. We would like to thank all those who have contributed to this case study and for the time they have taken to provide required information as well as provide practical hints and tips that are often essential to get a new working protocol. Latur’s 100 Days of Fight against COVID-19, A Case Study 10 Commissioner, CEO Zilla Parishad, CO of all Nagar Parishad, District Civil Surgeon, All different Departmental Heads, District Health Officers, Doctors, Para Medical Staff, Sanitation Staff, Print, Electronic media, Anti Corona Force, NGO’s, respected citizens of the district, and there are many more for whom we are thankful for their insights and overall direction and guidance, without which this case study would not have been initiated.