Cannibals and Crusaders
Cannibals and Crusaders Jay Rubenstein The First Crusade began in 1096 with massacres of Jews along the Rhine, and its penultimate act in 1099 was the killing of nearly all of Jeru- salem’s inhabitants—men, women, and children. The events sparked serious discussion among contemporary witnesses and continue to do so among scholars today. Most twelfth-century observers condemned the killing of the Jews and distinguished its perpetrators from the real crusaders. The killings at Jerusalem, on the other hand, they accepted Jay Rubenstein is associate professor of history at the University of Tennessee at Knoxville. He is author of Guibert of Nogent: Portrait of a Medieval Mind (2002) and editor, with Sally N. Vaughn, of Teaching and Learning in Northern Europe, 1000–1200 (2006). He is working on a book about twelfth- century interpretations of the crusade. Numerous people from a variety of disciplines have discussed with the author the twin subjects of cannibalism and crusading. Suggestions and advice from Suzanne Conklin Akbari, Tom Bissell, Heather Blurton, Clémentine Bobin, Virginie Bobin, Philippe Buc, Thomas Burman, Helen Damico, Sharon Farmer, C. Stephen Jaeger, Christopher MacEvitt, Jaclyn Maxwell, Carmen Nocentelli, William North, Gerard Passannante, Hilary Poriss, Charles Radding, Marina Rustow, Thomas Sizgorich, Kevin Uhalde, and Sally N. Vaughn have all been extremely helpful. Thanks are also due to members of the Texas Medieval Association and the members of the Marco Center at the University of Tennessee who listened to and commented on earlier versions of this essay. The article was completed at the American Academy in Rome with the help of an American Coun- cil of Learned Societies Burkhardt Fellowship.
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