DOCSLIB.ORG

Aquatic Ecosystem Notes Pdf

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Aquatic Ecosystem Notes Pdf Aquatic ecosystem notes pdf Continue Habitat is part of the ecosystem. Climate, plants and animals are the identity of the habitat. Ecosystems mainly have two areas: the terrestrial or land ecosystem of the aquatic or aquatic ecosystem. Water supports many lives. Organisms that survive in water are called aquatic organisms. They depend on water for their nutrition, shelter, reproduction and all other activities of life. The aquatic ecosystem includes a group of interacting organisms that depend on each other and their aquatic environment for nutrients and shelter. Examples of the aquatic ecosystem are oceans, lakes and rivers. The aquatic ecosystem includes freshwater habitats such as lakes, ponds, rivers, oceans and streams, wetlands, marshes, etc., and marine habitats include oceans, inter-tinge zones, reefs, seabeds and so on. The aquatic ecosystem is a habitat for water-dependent living species, including animals, plants and microbes. READ ALSO: Pelagic zones of aquatic ecosystem types Different types of aquatic ecosystems are: freshwater aquatic ecosystems cover only a small part of the land by almost 0.8 percent. Fresh water includes lakes, ponds, rivers and streams, wetlands, swamps, swamps and temporary pools. Freshwater habitats are classified into lotto and sloth habitats. Water bodies such as lakes, ponds, pools, swamps and other reservoirs are standing water and are known as sloth habitats. While many habitats are leaking bodies of water, such as rivers and streams. They are mainly fast-flowing waters that move in a one-way manner, including rivers and streams. These conditions are home to many insect species such as beetles, maifley, stone birds and several species of fish, including trout, eel, flesh, etc. They include all standing water habitats. Lakes and ponds are the main examples of a lean ecosystem. The word lenty mainly refers to stationary or relatively stationary water. These ecosystems are home to algae, crabs, shrimp, amphibians such as frogs and salamanders, both for root vegetables and floating storm plants and reptiles including alligators and other water snakes are also found here. Wetlands are marshy areas and are sometimes covered with water, which has a wide variety of plants and animals. Swamps, swamps, marshes, black spruces and water lilies are some examples in plant species found in wetlands. The animal life of this ecosystem consists of dragonflies and damselflies, birds such as the Green Heron and fish such as the Northern Pike. Marine aquatic ecosystem marine ecosystem covers surface area of the Earth. Two thirds of the land is covered with water and consists of oceans, seas, bathydal zone, reefs, seabed, estuaries, hydrothermal vents and rock basins. Each life form is unique and native to This is because they have adapted according to their habitat. In the case of aquatic animals, they cannot survive outside the water. Exceptional cases still there show another example of devices (e.g. mudskippers). The marine ecosystem is more concentrated with salts, which make it difficult for freshwater organisms to live in. Their body is adapted for living in salt water; If they are placed in less salty water, their body will swell (osmosis). Our planet Earth is endowed with five main oceans, namely the Pacific, Indian, Arctic and Atlantic oceans. Among all these five oceans, the Pacific and Atlantic Oceans are the largest and deepest ocean. These oceans are home to more than five lakh aquatic species. Few creatures of these ecosystems include molluscs, sharks, tubular worms, crab small and large ocean fish, turtles, crustaceans, blue whales, reptiles, marine mammals, seabirds, plankton, corals and other ocean plants. These are open land and water systems that combine to form coastal ecosystems. Coastal ecosystems have different structure and diversity. At the bottom of the coastal ecosystem is home to a wide range of species of aquatic plants and algae. The fauna is diverse and consists mainly of crabs, fish, insects, lobster snails, shrimp, etc. Plants and animals in the aquatic ecosystem show a wide range of adaptations that can include life cycle, physiological, structural and behavioral adaptation. Most aquatic animals are ordered, which helps them reduce friction and thus save energy. The fins and gills are locomotives and respiratory organs respectively. Features in freshwater organisms help them to drain excess water from the body. Water plants have different types of roots that help them survive in the water. Some of them may have underwater roots; some have appeared roots or maybe floating plants like water hyacinths. READ ALSO: Bentic zone Learn more about the ecosystem, its habitat types or any other related topics - BYJU biology. ecosystem in the Ust-Liman reservoir and coastal waters, part of the aquatic ecosystem Water Ecosystem is an ecosystem in the reservoir. Communities of organisms dependent on each other and on the environment live in aquatic ecosystems. The two main types of aquatic ecosystems are marine ecosystems and freshwater ecosystems. Types of Marine Main Article: Marine Ecosystem Marine Ecosystem, the largest of all ecosystems, covers about 71% of the Earth's surface and contains about 97% of the planet's water. They generate 32% of the world's net primary production. They differ from freshwater ecosystems by the presence of dissolved compounds, especially salts, in water. Approximately 85% Sodium and chlorine are found in seawater. Sea water has an average salinity of 35 parts per thousand water. Actual salinity varies depending on different marine ecosystems. Classification of marine habitats. Marine ecosystems can be divided into many zones depending on the depth of the water and the features of the coastline. The oceanic zone is a vast open part of the ocean where animals such as whales, sharks and tuna are inhabited. The bent zone consists of substrates under water, where many invertebrates live. The tidal zone is the area between the tides; in this image it is called coastal zones. Other coastal (non-synthetic) zones may include estuaries, salt marshes, coral reefs, lagoons and mangrove swamps. In deep water, hydrothermal vents may occur, where chigiosintetic sulfur bacteria form the basis of the food web. Classes of organisms inhabited in marine ecosystems include brown algae, dinoflagellates, corals, cephalopods, echinoderms and sharks. Fish caught in marine ecosystems are the largest source of commercial products derived from wild populations. Environmental problems related to marine ecosystems include unsustainable exploitation of marine resources (e.g. overfishing of some species), marine pollution, climate change and coastal construction. The main article on fresh water: freshwater ecosystem freshwater ecosystem. Freshwater ecosystems cover 0.78% of the Earth's surface and inhabit 0.009% of its total water. They produce almost 3% of their net primary production. Freshwater ecosystems contain 41% of the world's known fish species. There are three main types of freshwater ecosystems: lenty: slow-moving water, including pools, ponds and lakes. Lotik: faster moving water, such as streams and rivers. Wetlands: Areas where soil is saturated or flooded, at least part of the time. Lentic See also: Lake Three ecosystem is the main lake area. Lake ecosystems can be divided into zones. One common system divides lakes into three zones (see picture). First, the coastal zone is a shallow zone near the coast. This is where the roots of wetland plants occur. The sea shelf is divided into two zones, an open water zone and a deep-sea zone. In an open water zone (or photic zone), sunlight supports photosynthetic algae and the species that feed on them. In the deep-sea zone, sunlight is not available, and the food web is based on detritus coming from coastal and photic zones. Some systems use other names. Offshore areas can be called a pelagic zone, the photo zone can be called a lymphatic zone, and the apostic zone can be called a pro-und. Inland from coastal areas can also often identify the Riparian zone, which plants still From the presence of the lake- this may include the effects of unforeseen circumstances, spring flooding, and damage to winter ice. Manufacturing The lake as a whole is the result of the production of plants growing in coastal areas, combined with the production of plankton growing in open water. Wetlands can be part of the sloth system because they naturally form along most of the lake's shores, the width of wetlands and coastal areas depends on the slope of the shoreline and the number of natural changes in water levels over and between years. Often dead trees accumulate in this area, either from unforeseen circumstances on the shore or logs, transported to the site during floods. This tree litter provides an important habitat for fish and nesting birds, as well as protecting coastlines from erosion. The two important subclasses of lakes are ponds, which are usually small lakes that are intertwined with wetlands and reservoirs. Over long periods of time, lakes or bays in them can gradually be enriched with nutrients and slowly filled with organic sediments, a process called continuity. When people use the watershed, the amount of precipitation entering the lake can speed up the process. Adding sediments and nutrients to the lake is known as eutrophication. Ponds are small reservoirs with shallow and shallow water, swamps and aquatic plants. They can be divided into four zones: vegetation area, open water, upable mud and surface film. The size and depth of ponds often vary greatly depending on the time of year; many ponds are produced as a result of spring flooding of rivers. Food networks are based on both free-floating algae and aquatic plants. There is usually a wide range of aquatic life, with several examples including algae, snails, fish, beetles, water beetles, frogs, turtles, otters and muskrats. The best predators can include large fish, herons or alligators.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Freshwater Ecosystems and Biodiversity
    Network of Conservation Educators & Practitioners Freshwater Ecosystems and Biodiversity Author(s): Nathaniel P. Hitt, Lisa K. Bonneau, Kunjuraman V. Jayachandran, and Michael P. Marchetti Source: Lessons in Conservation, Vol. 5, pp. 5-16 Published by: Network of Conservation Educators and Practitioners, Center for Biodiversity and Conservation, American Museum of Natural History Stable URL: ncep.amnh.org/linc/ This article is featured in Lessons in Conservation, the official journal of the Network of Conservation Educators and Practitioners (NCEP). NCEP is a collaborative project of the American Museum of Natural History’s Center for Biodiversity and Conservation (CBC) and a number of institutions and individuals around the world. Lessons in Conservation is designed to introduce NCEP teaching and learning resources (or “modules”) to a broad audience. NCEP modules are designed for undergraduate and professional level education. These modules—and many more on a variety of conservation topics—are available for free download at our website, ncep.amnh.org. To learn more about NCEP, visit our website: ncep.amnh.org. All reproduction or distribution must provide full citation of the original work and provide a copyright notice as follows: “Copyright 2015, by the authors of the material and the Center for Biodiversity and Conservation of the American Museum of Natural History. All rights reserved.” Illustrations obtained from the American Museum of Natural History’s library: images.library.amnh.org/digital/ SYNTHESIS 5 Freshwater Ecosystems and Biodiversity Nathaniel P. Hitt1, Lisa K. Bonneau2, Kunjuraman V. Jayachandran3, and Michael P. Marchetti4 1U.S. Geological Survey, Leetown Science Center, USA, 2Metropolitan Community College-Blue River, USA, 3Kerala Agricultural University, India, 4School of Science, St.
    [Show full text]
  • Ecosystem Services Generated by Fish Populations
    AR-211 Ecological Economics 29 (1999) 253 –268 ANALYSIS Ecosystem services generated by fish populations Cecilia M. Holmlund *, Monica Hammer Natural Resources Management, Department of Systems Ecology, Stockholm University, S-106 91, Stockholm, Sweden Abstract In this paper, we review the role of fish populations in generating ecosystem services based on documented ecological functions and human demands of fish. The ongoing overexploitation of global fish resources concerns our societies, not only in terms of decreasing fish populations important for consumption and recreational activities. Rather, a number of ecosystem services generated by fish populations are also at risk, with consequences for biodiversity, ecosystem functioning, and ultimately human welfare. Examples are provided from marine and freshwater ecosystems, in various parts of the world, and include all life-stages of fish. Ecosystem services are here defined as fundamental services for maintaining ecosystem functioning and resilience, or demand-derived services based on human values. To secure the generation of ecosystem services from fish populations, management approaches need to address the fact that fish are embedded in ecosystems and that substitutions for declining populations and habitat losses, such as fish stocking and nature reserves, rarely replace losses of all services. © 1999 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. Keywords: Ecosystem services; Fish populations; Fisheries management; Biodiversity 1. Introduction 15 000 are marine and nearly 10 000 are freshwa­ ter (Nelson, 1994). Global capture fisheries har­ Fish constitute one of the major protein sources vested 101 million tonnes of fish including 27 for humans around the world. There are to date million tonnes of bycatch in 1995, and 11 million some 25 000 different known fish species of which tonnes were produced in aquaculture the same year (FAO, 1997).
    [Show full text]
  • Aquatic Ecosystems
    February 19, 2014 Nantahala and Pisgah NFs Assessment Aquatic Ecosystems The overall richness of North Carolina’s aquatic fauna is directly related to the geomorphology of the state, which defines the major drainage divisions and the diversity of habitats found within. There are seventeen major river basins in North Carolina. Five western basins are part of the Interior Basin (IB) and drain to the Mississippi River and the Gulf of Mexico (Hiwassee, Little Tennessee, French Broad, Watauga, and New). Parts of these five river basins are within the Nantahala and Pisgah National Forests (NFs). Twelve central and eastern basins are part of the Atlantic Slope (AS) and flow to the Atlantic Ocean. Of these twelve central and eastern basins, parts of the Savannah, Broad, Catawba, and Yadkin-Pee Dee basins are within the Nantahala and Pisgah NFs. As described later in this report, the Nantahala and Pisgah NFs, for the most part, support higher elevation coldwater streams, and relatively little cool- and warmwater resources. To gain perspective on the importance of aquatic ecosystems on the Nantahala and Pisgah NFs, it is first necessary to understand their value at regional and national scales. The southeastern United States has the highest aquatic species diversity in the entire United States (Burr and Mayden 1992; Williams et al. 1993; Taylor et al. 1996; Warren et al. 2000,), with southeastern fishes comprising 62% of the United States fauna, and nearly 50% of the North American fish fauna (Burr and Mayden 1992). Freshwater mollusk diversity in the southeast is ‘globally unparalleled’, representing 91% of all United States mussel species (Neves et al.
    [Show full text]
  • Aquatic Ecology ______INTRODUCTION
    Aquatic Ecology ________________________________________________________________ INTRODUCTION Aquatic Ecology Field Station Aquatics or aquatic ecology is the study of animals and plants in freshwater environments. In addition to the many common aquatic species in this Western New York region, a student of aquatics learns about watersheds, wetlands and the hydrologic cycle. Essential to understanding and appreciating the field of aquatics is a basic knowledge of the physical and chemical properties of water. Water is arguably the most valuable substance on the planet, and is the common name applied to the liquid state of the hydrogen oxygen compound H2O. It covers 70% of the surface of the Earth forming swamps, lakes, rivers, and oceans. Pure water has a blue tint, which may be detected only in layers of considerable depth. It has no taste or odor. Water molecules are strongly attracted to one another through their two hydrogen atoms. At the surface, this attraction produces a tight film over the water (surface tension). A number of organisms live both on the upper and lower sides of this film. 1 Density of water is greatest at 39.2° Fahrenheit (4° Celsius). It becomes less as water warms and, more important, as it cools to freezing at 32° Fahrenheit (0° Celsius), and becomes ice. Ice is a poor heat conductor. Therefore, ice sheets on ponds, lakes and rivers trap heat in the water below. For this reason, only very shallow water bodies never freeze solid. Water is the only substance that occurs at ordinary temperatures in all three states of matter: solid, liquid, and gas. In its solid state, water is ice, and can be found as glaciers, snow, hail, and frost and ice crystals in clouds.
    [Show full text]
  • Lake Superior Phototrophic Picoplankton: Nitrate Assimilation
    LAKE SUPERIOR PHOTOTROPHIC PICOPLANKTON: NITRATE ASSIMILATION MEASURED WITH A CYANOBACTERIAL NITRATE-RESPONSIVE BIOREPORTER AND GENETIC DIVERSITY OF THE NATURAL COMMUNITY Natalia Valeryevna Ivanikova A Dissertation Submitted to the Graduate College of Bowling Green State University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY May 2006 Committee: George S. Bullerjahn, Advisor Robert M. McKay Scott O. Rogers Paul F. Morris Robert K. Vincent Graduate College representative ii ABSTRACT George S. Bullerjahn, Advisor Cyanobacteria of the picoplankton size range (picocyanobacteria) Synechococcus and Prochlorococcus contribute significantly to total phytoplankton biomass and primary production in marine and freshwater oligotrophic environments. Despite their importance, little is known about the biodiversity and physiology of freshwater picocyanobacteria. Lake Superior is an ultra- oligotrophic system with light and temperature conditions unfavorable for photosynthesis. Synechococcus-like picocyanobacteria are an important component of phytoplankton in Lake Superior. The concentration of nitrate, the major form of combined nitrogen in the lake, has been increasing continuously in these waters over the last 100 years, while other nutrients remained largely unchanged. Decreased biological demand for nitrate caused by low availabilities of phosphorus and iron, as well as low light and temperature was hypothesized to be one of the reasons for the nitrate build-up. One way to get insight into the microbiological processes that contribute to the accumulation of nitrate in this ecosystem is to employ a cyanobacterial bioreporter capable of assessing the nitrate assimilation capacity of phytoplankton. In this study, a nitrate-responsive biorepoter AND100 was constructed by fusing the promoter of the Synechocystis PCC 6803 nitrate responsive gene nirA, encoding nitrite reductase to the Vibrio fischeri luxAB genes, which encode the bacterial luciferase, and genetically transforming the resulting construct into Synechocystis.
    [Show full text]
  • Assessment of the Trophic Status at Al-Sabil River Using the Trophic Indices in Al-Shinafiya District, Southern Iraq
    EurAsian Journal of BioSciences Eurasia J Biosci 14, 5661-5667 (2020) Assessment of the trophic status at Al-Sabil River using the trophic indices in Al-Shinafiya district, Southern Iraq Khitam Abbas Marhoon 1, Eman Mohammed Hussain 2, Salwan Ali Abed 3, Salam Hussein Ewaid 4, Mudhafar A. Salim 5, Nadhir Al-Ansari 6 1,3 Environment Department, College of Science, University of Al-Qadisiyah, IRAQ 2 Biology Department, College of Science, University of Al-Qadisiyah, IRAQ 4 Technical Institute of Shatra, Southern Technical University, IRAQ 5 Arab Regional Center for World Heritage, Manama, BAHRAIN. 6 Luleå University of Technology, Luleå, SWEDEN *Corresponding author: [email protected] ; [email protected] Abstract The current study was conducted to determine the quality of the water of Al- Sabil River in Al-Shinafiya district, Province of Al- Diwaniyah, for the period from September 2018 to August 2019. Three sites were selected along the river, a quantitative and qualitative study of the diatoms as well as its indices to assess the quality of water in the river, such as trophic diatom Index (TDI), Trophic State Index (TSI), Diatomic Index (DI), and General Diatoms Index (GDI). The current study was diagnosed about 136 species of diatoms at three sites, where the central diatoms was 12 species while the pannals diatoms reached 124 species, and recorded total numbers of diatoms (35453.8, 29447.2 and 36504.76) cell*310/L, and rates (2954.48, 2453.93 and 3042.06) cells*310/L for the three locations respectively, as shown by the results of the trophic diatom Index(TDI) values ranged from (23.33 to 55.54) and the values of Trophic State Index (TSI) ranged from (0.07 to 0.81) and the Diatomic Index (DI) values ranged from (9.08 to 16.20) and the values of the General Diatoms Index (GDI) ranged from (2.23 to 3.17).
    [Show full text]
  • Aquatic Ecosystem Delineation and Description Guidelines AQUATIC ECOSYSTEMS TOOLKIT • MODULE 4 •Aquatic Ecosystem Delineation and Description Guidelines
    Aquatic ecosystems toolkit MODULE 4: Aquatic ecosystem delineation and description guidelines AQUATIC ECOSYSTEMS TOOLKIT • MODULE 4 •Aquatic ecosystem delineation and description guidelines Published by Department of Sustainability, Environment, Water, Population and Communities Authors/endorsement Aquatic Ecosystems Task Group Endorsed by the Standing Council on Environment and Water, 2012. © Commonwealth of Australia 2012 This work is copyright. You may download, display, print and reproduce this material in unaltered form only (retaining this notice) for your personal, non-commercial use or use within your organisation. Apart from any use as permitted under the Copyright Act 1968 (Cwlth), all other rights are reserved. Requests and enquiries concerning reproduction and rights should be addressed to Department of Sustainability, Environment, Water, Population and Communities, Public Affairs, GPO Box 787 Canberra ACT 2601 or email <[email protected]>. Disclaimer The views and opinions expressed in this publication are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect those of the Australian Government or the Minister for Sustainability, Environment, Water, Population and Communities. While reasonable efforts have been made to ensure that the contents of this publication are factually correct, the Commonwealth does not accept responsibility for the accuracy or completeness of the contents, and shall not be liable for any loss or damage that may be occasioned directly or indirectly through the use of, or reliance on, the
    [Show full text]
  • Aquatic Ecosystems Bibliography Compiled by Robert C. Worrest
    Aquatic Ecosystems Bibliography Compiled by Robert C. Worrest Abboudi, M., Jeffrey, W. H., Ghiglione, J. F., Pujo-Pay, M., Oriol, L., Sempéré, R., . Joux, F. (2008). Effects of photochemical transformations of dissolved organic matter on bacterial metabolism and diversity in three contrasting coastal sites in the northwestern Mediterranean Sea during summer. Microbial Ecology, 55(2), 344-357. Abboudi, M., Surget, S. M., Rontani, J. F., Sempéré, R., & Joux, F. (2008). Physiological alteration of the marine bacterium Vibrio angustum S14 exposed to simulated sunlight during growth. Current Microbiology, 57(5), 412-417. doi: 10.1007/s00284-008-9214-9 Abernathy, J. W., Xu, P., Xu, D. H., Kucuktas, H., Klesius, P., Arias, C., & Liu, Z. (2007). Generation and analysis of expressed sequence tags from the ciliate protozoan parasite Ichthyophthirius multifiliis BMC Genomics, 8, 176. Abseck, S., Andrady, A. L., Arnold, F., Björn, L. O., Bomman, J. F., Calamari, D., . Zepp, R. G. (1998). Environmental effects of ozone depletion: 1998 assessment. Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology B: Biology, 46(1-3), 1-108. doi: Doi: 10.1016/s1011-1344(98)00195-x Adachi, K., Kato, K., Wakamatsu, K., Ito, S., Ishimaru, K., Hirata, T., . Kumai, H. (2005). The histological analysis, colorimetric evaluation, and chemical quantification of melanin content in 'suntanned' fish. Pigment Cell Research, 18, 465-468. Adams, M. J., Hossaek, B. R., Knapp, R. A., Corn, P. S., Diamond, S. A., Trenham, P. C., & Fagre, D. B. (2005). Distribution Patterns of Lentic-Breeding Amphibians in Relation to Ultraviolet Radiation Exposure in Western North America. Ecosystems, 8(5), 488-500. Adams, N.
    [Show full text]
  • Aquatic Ecosystem Part 1 a SHORT NOTE for B.SC ZOOLOGY
    2020 Aquatic ecosystem part 1 A SHORT NOTE FOR B.SC ZOOLOGY WRITTEN BY DR.MOTI LAL GUPTA ,H.O.D ,DEPARTMENT OF ZOOLOGY,B.N.COLLEGE,PATNA UNIVERSITY [Type the author name] DEPARTMENT OF ZOOLOGY,B.N COLLEGE, P.U 4/16/2020 Aquatic ecosystem part 1 2 1 Department of zoology,B.N College,P.U Page 2 Aquatic ecosystem part 1 3 Contents 1. Learning Objectives 2. Introduction 3. The Lentic Aquatic System Zonation in Lentic Systems Characteristics of Lentic Ecosystem Lentic Community Communities of the littoral zone Communities of Limnetic Zone Communities of Profundal Zone 4. Lake Ecosystem Thermal Properties of Lake Seasonal Cycle in Temperate Lakes Biological Oxygen Demand Eutrophy and Oligotrophy Langmuir Circulation and the Descent of the Thermocline Types of Lakes 5. State of Freshwater Ecosystems in Present Scenario Causes of Change in the properties of freshwater bodies Climate Change Change in Water Flow Land-Use Change Changing Chemical Inputs Aquatic Invasive Species Harvest Impact of Change on Freshwater Bodies Physical Transformations 6. Summary 2 Department of zoology,B.N College,P.U Page 3 Aquatic ecosystem part 1 4 1. Learning Objectives After the end of this module you will be able to 1. Understand the concept of fresh water ecosystem. 2. Understand the characteristics of the Lentic ecosystems. 3. Know the communities of lentic ecosystems and their ecological adaptations. 4. Know properties of Lake Ecosystems and their types. 5. Understand the major changes that are causing the threats to freshwaters ecosystems. 2. Introduction Freshwater ecology can be interpreted as interrelationship between freshwater organism and their natural environments.
    [Show full text]
  • State of the Amazon: Freshwater Connectivity and Ecosystem Health WWF LIVING AMAZON INITIATIVE SUGGESTED CITATION
    REPORT LIVING AMAZON 2015 State of the Amazon: Freshwater Connectivity and Ecosystem Health WWF LIVING AMAZON INITIATIVE SUGGESTED CITATION Macedo, M. and L. Castello. 2015. State of the Amazon: Freshwater Connectivity and Ecosystem Health; edited by D. Oliveira, C. C. Maretti and S. Charity. Brasília, Brazil: WWF Living Amazon Initiative. 136pp. PUBLICATION INFORMATION State of the Amazon Series editors: Cláudio C. Maretti, Denise Oliveira and Sandra Charity. This publication State of the Amazon: Freshwater Connectivity and Ecosystem Health: Publication editors: Denise Oliveira, Cláudio C. Maretti, and Sandra Charity. Publication text editors: Sandra Charity and Denise Oliveira. Core Scientific Report (chapters 1-6): Written by Marcia Macedo and Leandro Castello; scientific assessment commissioned by WWF Living Amazon Initiative (LAI). State of the Amazon: Conclusions and Recommendations (chapter 7): Cláudio C. Maretti, Marcia Macedo, Leandro Castello, Sandra Charity, Denise Oliveira, André S. Dias, Tarsicio Granizo, Karen Lawrence WWF Living Amazon Integrated Approaches for a More Sustainable Development in the Pan-Amazon Freshwater Connectivity Cláudio C. Maretti; Sandra Charity; Denise Oliveira; Tarsicio Granizo; André S. Dias; and Karen Lawrence. Maps: Paul Lefebvre/Woods Hole Research Center (WHRC); Valderli Piontekwoski/Amazon Environmental Research Institute (IPAM, Portuguese acronym); and Landscape Ecology Lab /WWF Brazil. Photos: Adriano Gambarini; André Bärtschi; Brent Stirton/Getty Images; Denise Oliveira; Edison Caetano; and Ecosystem Health Fernando Pelicice; Gleilson Miranda/Funai; Juvenal Pereira; Kevin Schafer/naturepl.com; María del Pilar Ramírez; Mark Sabaj Perez; Michel Roggo; Omar Rocha; Paulo Brando; Roger Leguen; Zig Koch. Front cover Mouth of the Teles Pires and Juruena rivers forming the Tapajós River, on the borders of Mato Grosso, Amazonas and Pará states, Brazil.
    [Show full text]
  • Exploration of a Submerged Sinkhole Ecosystem in Lake Huron
    Ecosystems (2006) 9: 828–842 DOI: 10.1007/s10021-005-0057-y Exploration of a Submerged Sinkhole Ecosystem in Lake Huron Bopaiah A. Biddanda,1* Dwight F. Coleman,2,6 Thomas H. Johengen,3 Steven A. Ruberg,4 Guy A. Meadows,5 Hans W. Van Sumeren,5 Richard R. Rediske,1 and Scott T. Kendall1 1Annis Water Resources Institute and Lake Michigan Center, Grand Valley State University, 740 W Shoreline Drive, Muskegon, Michigan 49441, USA; 2Institute for Exploration, 55 Coogan Blvd., Mystic, Connecticut 06355, USA; 3Cooperative Institute for Limnology and Ecosystems Research, University of Michigan, 2205 Commonwealth Blvd., Ann Arbor, Michigan 48105, USA; 4Na- tional Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Great Lakes Environmental Research Laboratory, 2205 Commonwealth Blvd., Ann Arbor, Michigan 48105, USA; 5Department of Naval Architecture & Marine Engineering, University of Michigan, 1085 South Uni- versity Ave, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA; 6Graduate School of Oceanography, University of Rhode Island, South Ferry Road, Narragansett, Rhode Island 02882, USA ABSTRACT Dissolution of the Silurian-Devonian aquifer in the tivity (1,700 lS cm)1), as well as extremely high Lake Huron Basin has produced several karst concentrations of sulfate (1,400 mg l)1), phospho- formations in the bedrock (sinkholes), through rus (3 mg l)1) and particulate organic matter (400 which groundwater emerges onto the lake floor. mg C l)1). Compared to background lake water, During September 2003, we explored a recently sinkhole plume water was characterized by discovered submerged sinkhole ecosystem (55 m · approximately twofold lower C:N ratios and tenfold 40 m · 1 m) located at a depth of 93 m with a higher levels of dissolved organic carbon, bacterial remotelyoperated vehicle (ROV) equipped with a biomass as well as heterotrophic bacterial produc- conductivity-temperature-depth (CTD) system, an tion.
    [Show full text]
  • Aquatic Habitats in Africa - Gamal M
    ANIMAL RESOURCES AND DIVERSITY IN AFRICA - Aquatic Habitats In Africa - Gamal M. El-Shabrawy, Khalid A. Al- Ghanim AQUATIC HABITATS IN AFRICA Gamal M. El-Shabrawy National Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries, Fish Research Station, El-Kanater El-Khayriya, Cairo, Egypt Khalid A. Al-Ghanim College of Sciences and Humanity Studies, P. O. Box- 83, Salman bin Abdul- Aziz University, Alkharj 11942, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia Keywords: Human impacts, water utilization, African lakes, rivers, lagoons, wetlands Contents 1. Introduction 2. African aquatic habitats 2.1. Lakes 2.1.1. Lake Tanganyika 2.1.2. Lake Malawi (Nyasa) 2.1.3. Lake Chilwa 2.1.4. Lake Chad 2.1.5. Lake Volta 2.2. Rivers 2.2.1. Niger River 2.2.2. Congo River 2.2.3. Orange River 2.2.4. Volta River 2.2.5. Zambezi River 2.3. Lagoons 2.3.1. Bardawil Lagoon (Case Study) 2.4. Wetlands 3. Human interactions and water quality in African aquatic ecosystem 4. Land use, nutrient inputs and modifications 5. Irrigation 6. Interruption of water flow by dams 7. Watershed activities: eutrophication and pollution 8. UrbanizationUNESCO and Human Settlement – EOLSS 9. Introduction of fish, others and overall fishing 10. StalinizationSAMPLE of rivers lakes and streams CHAPTERS 11. Water Management Problems Glossary Bibliography Biographical Sketches Summary Although, Africa has abundant freshwater resources, 14 countries are subject to water stress (1700 m3 or less per person per year) or water scarcity (1000 m3 or less per person ©Encyclopedia of Life Support Systems (EOLSS) ANIMAL RESOURCES AND DIVERSITY IN AFRICA - Aquatic Habitats In Africa - Gamal M.
    [Show full text]