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Synopsis of Fossil Fish Fauna from The Swiss J Geosci (2016) 109:429–443 DOI 10.1007/s00015-016-0216-5 Synopsis of fossil fish fauna from the Hermanowa locality (Rupelian; Central Paratethys; Poland): current state of knowledge 1 2 3 Toma´sˇ Prˇikryl • Iwona Kania • Wiesław Krzemin´ski Received: 15 February 2016 / Accepted: 18 May 2016 / Published online: 7 June 2016 Ó Swiss Geological Society 2016 Abstract This publication represents the first comprehen- 1 Introduction sive review of the currently known palaeoichthyological diversity of the Hermanowa locality (Poland). Specimens Oligocene–Miocene fishes of the Polish Carpathians have were collected from a single outcrop belonging to the been intensively studied since the second half of the single IPM zone (IPM2-T according to the presence of the twentieth century by Anna Jerzman´ska and her coworkers index taxon Trachinus minutus). The assemblage is com- (e.g., Jerzman´ska 1960, 1967, 1968, 1974, 1979; Jerz- posed of two elasmobranch taxa and 22 taxa of teleosts. man´ska and Kotlarczyk 1975, 1976; Jerzman´ska and Overwhelming part of the assemblage is represented by S´widnicka 2003; Kotlarczyk et al. 2006; for a complete teleosts; elasmobranchs are present in less than 0.5 %, with overview of the references, see the last publication). Rich one new taxon for the Polish Carpathians (Physogaleus localities, such as Jamna Dolna provided important docu- latus). The meso-pelagic and bathy-pelagic fishes are mentations in extraordinary detail (in a quantitative and missing; dominant part of the assemblage is composed of qualitative sense) of this fauna, which inhabited the Central the neritic taxa. Developmental stages of some taxa were Paratethys region during the Oligocene to Early Miocene. recognized and relatively common throughout the whole Over time, an enormous collection of fish specimens from section. The assemblage is briefly discussed. the region was assembled (today housed in Wroclaw University), which, together with sedimentary and lithos- Keywords Fish Á Teleostei Á Elasmobranchii Á Paleogene Á tratigraphic data, also allow the elaboration of an Oligocene Á Paratethys ichthyostratigraphical concept for the area, i.e., IPM zones (Kotlarczyk and Jerzman´ska 1976; Kotlarczyk et al. 2006). Although these fish faunas have been intensively studied for a long time, the whole region is still attractive for palaeoichthyological exploration today. The Hermanowa locality is located in southeastern Poland, about 12 km south of the center of Rzeszow Editorial handling: D. Marty. (Fig. 1). Kotlarczyk et al. (2006) mentioned two places with & Toma´sˇ Prˇikryl the name Hermanowa: Hermanowa and Hermanowa [email protected] Kamieniec (the latter place with two exposures; according to 1 the original publication abbreviated as HE, HK1 and HK2, Institute of Geology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, v. v. i., respectively). Nevertheless, the Hermanowa locality (HE Rozvojova´ 269, 165 00 Prague 6, Czech Republic sensu 2 Kotlarczyk et al. 2006) is synonymous with the place Department of Environmental Biology, Faculty of Biology described herein. Kotlarczyk et al. (2006) also briefly sket- and Agriculture, University of Rzeszow, Zelwerowicza 4, 35-959 Rzeszow, Poland ched the taxonomic composition of the assemblage, but this was based on a limited number of specimens. The locality 3 Institute of Systematics and Evolution of Animals, Polish Academy of Sciences, ul. S´w. Sebastiana 9, 31-049 Krako´w, was more recently intensively sampled from 2005 to 2015, Poland and this collection comprises several hundred fish remains. 430 T. Prˇikryl et al. Fig. 1 Position of the Hermanowa locality; a within Europe (scale bar represents 500 km); b within Poland (scale bar represents 100 km); c outcrop of the locality with identification of selected important strata (scale bar represents 1 m; situation in the 2013 year) The primary purpose of this paper is to provide an 2.1 Geological notes overview of the fish taxa of the Hermanowa locality, with an accompanying brief discussion of the fauna as a whole. The specimens were collected from a single outcrop (Fig. 2; GPS lat 49.934266; long 22.019500), located in the Hermanowa village. The presence of the index species 2 Material and locality Trachinus minutus (distributed in all parts of the profile) allows the assignment of the locality to the Trachinus event The material is housed at the University of Rzeszow (UR/ of the IPM2 zone (for the palaeoecologic interpretation of KBS´), Institute of Systematics and Evolution of Animals, this event see Kotlarczyk et al. 2006). This biostratigraphic Polish Academy of Sciences, Krakow (Pi-F), and the restriction allows the assignment of this section to the National Museum in Prague (NMP). The standard length Rupelian age (Early Oligocene) and more preciously to the (SL) abbreviation is used elsewhere in the text. Taxa NP23 calcareous nannoplankton zone (see Kotlarczyk et al. synonomies are not included for all taxa due to space 2006: fig. 33). limitations (they may be found in the references). Pho- The fish fauna is well distributed in all parts of the tographs were taken with a Nikon D3100 camera, and a profile, but seems to be more abundant in some sections Canon EOS 1000D associated with a binocular Leica MZ6 (these are marked by a fish symbol in Fig. 2). Some taxa stereomicroscope. seem to be limited to only particular sections; this is The material consists of natural moulds of skeletons in mentioned in the descriptive part of the text where appli- sediment (the original bone tissue was destroyed during the cable. The upper part of the profile is less accessible for fossilization process); when bones are preserved (very sampling. rarely), these are limonitized. Soft tissue impressions (e.g., The profile (Fig. 2) is based on the unpublished litho- alimentary canal or body pigmentation) are rarely recog- logical description provided by Uchman to Kozde˛ba for her nizable. Specimens were left unprepared, or were lightly master thesis (although the description was not included in prepared using small scalpels or needles. the thesis; Kozde˛ba 2008). Synopsis of Hermanowa fossil fish fauna 431 Fig. 2 Cross-section of the Hermanowa locality. Fish symbols mark the most productive layers 3 Systematic part studied material. The typical sickle-shaped base is con- nected with a long, incompletely preserved filament. Class Chondrichthyes GOODRICH, 1909 Remarks Fossil specimens of these sharks were origi- Subclass Elasmobranchii BONAPARTE, 1832 nally classified in an extinct species of the recent genus Order Lamniformes BERG, 1940 Cetorhinus, but Welton (2013) erected a new genus to Family Cetorhinidae GILL, 1862 house the extinct species. The specimens are well known Genus Keasius WELTON, 2013 (including rare, mostly complete individuals; Hovestadt Keasius parvus (LERICHE, 1908) and Hovestadt-Euler 2012) from the Eocene, Oligocene and Miocene of the Paratethys area, and detailed study of Synonymy Refer to Reinecke et al. (2015). the gill rakers and teeth show an unexpected diversity of Material examined Two specimens—UR/KBS´/444 (part species in the genus Keasius (Reinecke et al. 2015). and counterpart), UR/KBS´/445. The presence of this species in the locality is problem- Description Basking sharks are represented by two atic. Lithology of the slabs is atypical for the locality, and specimens of isolated gill rakers (branchiospines) in the 432 T. Prˇikryl et al. has not been observed directly in the profile (specimens Physogaleus latus (STORMS, 1894) were found in the rubble under the profile wall). Figure 3a, b Order Carcharhiniformes COMPAGNO, 1973 Synonymy Refer to Ciobanu (2002). Family Carcharhinidae JORDAN &EVERMANN, 1896 Material examined Pi-F/MP/10/1483/08 (counterpart Pi- Genus Physogaleus CAPETTA, 1980 F/MP/11/1483/08). Fig. 3 Selected fish taxa of the Hermanowa locality; a, b Physogaleus f Clupeidae gen. et sp. indet., specimen Pi-F/MP/171/1648/15 (scale latus (STORMS, 1894); a specimen Pi-F/MP/10/1483/08 (scale bar bar represents 10 mm); g, h ‘‘Glossanodon’’ musceli (PAUCA˘ , 1929); represents 2 mm); b counterpart specimen Pi-F/MP/11/1483/08 (scale g larval specimen UR/KBS´/470 (scale bar represents 5 mm); h sub- bar represents 2 mm); c, d, e Sardinella cf. S. sardinites (HECKEL, adult specimen UR/KBS´/615 (scale bar represents 10 mm); 1850); c larval specimen UR/KBS´/540 (scale bar represents 5 mm); i Holosteus sp., specimen UR/KBS´/151a (scale bar represents d sub-adult specimen UR/KBS´/546 (scale bar represents 5 mm); 10 mm); j Palaeogadus sp., specimen Pi-F/MP/16/1572/10 (scale e adult specimen UR/KBS´/130 (scale bar represents 10 mm); bar represents 20 mm) Synopsis of Hermanowa fossil fish fauna 433 Description The single specimen (an upper lateral tooth) pterygiophore is forked. The anal fin is shifted posteriorly shows a wide root, with well-developed nutritive groove; andconsistsof18finrays;thelasttwoshiftedtoamore short apex, inclined distally; tip not exposed; four wide posterior position. Pectoral fin consists of 16–19 rays. cusplets in the distal heel; mesial cutting edge; crown Pelvic fins start at level of posterior part of dorsal fin, and tongue developed in transition from crown to root, ven- consist of eight or nine rays. The series of abdominal trally borded by vertical ridges; root in lingual view bears scutes is developed anteriorly and posteriorly to the pelvic well developed lingual protuberance; basal edge of root fin. Caudal fin deeply forked. Body covered by cycloid bears numerous foramina. scales. Remarks The specimen was discovered in the lower part Remarks Clupeids from the Polish Carpathians were of the section. The occurrence of the species was recorded traditionally classified as Clupea sardinites (Jerzman´ska from the Early Oligocene of Belgium (Leriche 1910; Bor 1968; Szymczyk 1978), but Daniltshenko (1980) and later 1980), Paris Basin (Leriche 1910), Hungary (Weiler 1938), also Grande (1985) suggested transferring this species to France (Pharisat 1991, 1998; Pharisat and Micklich 1998), the genus Sardinella.
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