Status of Hydrogen Fueling Station Technologies in Japan

International Hydrogen Infrastructure Workshop

September 11, 2018

Tetsufumi Ikeda The Association of Hydrogen Supply and Utilization Technology (HySUT) [email protected] Contents

1. Deployment of FCVs and Retail HRSs 2. HySUT Activities 3. Technology Development for the Next Generation HRSs 4. Future Issues

TOYOTA MIRAI (Dec. 2014 ) HONDA CLARITY FUEL CELL (Mar. 2016)

3000 Total 2,580 as of June 30, 2018 2500 MIRAI: 2,363 CLARITY: 217 2000

1500

1000

500

Capacity Facility Type Support Max. amount (Nm3/h) (Million US$) On-site (for bus refueling) 1/2 3.9 Off-site (for bus refueling) 1/2 3.5 On-site (Compact type) 2/3 2.9 300 or more On-site (Others) 1/2 2.9 Off-site (Compact type) 2/3 2.5 Off-site (Others) 1/2 2.5 HRS Mobile 2/3 2.5 On-site (Compact type) 2/3 2.2 On-site (Others) 1/2 2.2 50 or more and Off-site (Compact type) 2/3 1.8 less than 300 Off-site (Others) 1/2 1.8 Mobile 2/3 1.8 Gaseous Hydrogen Production and Shipping 1/2 0.6 Liquefied Hydrogen Shipping 1/2 0.4

* NeV: Next Generation Vehicle Promotion Center **METI: Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry

Program by NeV (sponsored by METI) Type Max. support amount per HRS (million US$) On-site HRS 0.22 Off-site HRS 0.22 Mobile (Refueling site: 1) 0.22 Mobile (Refueling sites: 2 or more) 0.26 Capacity (Nm3/h): 50 or more and less than 100 0.16

Program by HySUT (sponsored by Automakers) Type Max. support amount per HRS (million US$) On-site HRS 0.11 Off-site HRS 0.11 Mobile (Refueling site: 1) 0.11 Mobile (Refueling sites: 2 or more) 0.13 Capacity (Nm3/h): 50 or more and less than 100 0.08

Number of Number of Area retail HRSs FCVs

1 1. Hokkaido 1 16

2. Tohoku 3 44

2 3. Kanto 40 1033 4. Chubu 25 1021

5. Kansai 12 243 4 3 6. Chugoku/ 6 8 92 5 Shikoku 7 7. Kyushu 11 131

Total 100 2,580

Company Number of Number of Type HRSs HRSs JXTG Nippon Oil & Energy 40 On-site 15 Iwatani 17.5 Air Liquide Japan 4 Off-site 46 Tokyo Gas 3 Toho Gas 2.5 Mobile 39 Osaka Gas 2 Nippon Mobile Hydrogen Station Services 6 Total 100 Seiryu Power Energy Co., 4 Toyota Tsusho Air Liquide Hydrogen Energy Idemitsu Kosan, Saibu Gas Chubu Gas, Seiryu Power Energy Mie Hydrogen Station 1 to 2 Shikoku Taiyo Nippon Station Oita EBL Hydrogen Station Others

Features Station

Multi-Fuel 18 HRSs by JXTG (Integrated gas station) Multi-Fuel Nissin HRS by Toho Gas (Hydrogen, Gasoline, CNG,LPG)

Multi-Fuel (Hydrogen, CNG) 2 HRSs by Tokyo Gas Ebina-Chuo Station by JXTG (Multi-Fuel) (Courtesy of JXTG) Multi-Fuel (Hydrogen, LPG) Otsu HRS by Iwatani

Station with convenience store 2 HRSs by Iwatani

4 HRSs by JXTG Near the highway 1 HRS by Toyota Tsusho Narita HRS by Idemitsu Kosan Airport Kansai Airport HRS by Iwatani

Narita Station by Idemitsu Kosan (Narita Airport) (Courtesy of Idemitsu Kosan)

Location: 1-8-5 Ariake, Koto-ku, Tokyo Area: 3,200 m2

Main Features: 1. Hydrogen Supply System Liquid Hydrogen Storage 2. fueling Capacity FCV: 16 vehicles/h FC Bus: 4 buses/h 3. fueling time FCV: 3 min/vehicle FC Bus: 15 min/bus 4. Cryogenic Pump Capacity: 80kg/h In: 0.3MPa / Out: 82MPa 5. Storage Volume: 300L x 8 Tokyo-Ariake Hydrogen Station System: 3-bank Switching System (Source: Iwatani’s website) Max. Operating Pressure: 82MPa

 Establishment of Quality Control Guideline (HySUT-G 0001)  Analysis cost reduction by development of abbreviated analysis methods

Analysis Center

Analyzer Retail HRSs Sampling (several types)

On-site Analysis Analysis before commercial operation based on HySUT guideline

Analyzer (several types) All retail HRSs satisfied ISO14687-2

 Establishment of Fueling Performance Validation Guideline (HySUT-G 0003)  R&D for fueling protocol technology

Subjects Assignment National Fueling Protocol (JPEC-S 0003) JPEC Standard Fueling performance Validation Guideline HySUT International Standard Harmonization (SAE J2601) JARI Validation Test JARI Technology Development Simulation Kyushu University Characterization of high pressure hydrogen Kyushu University Testing Truck (HySUT-G 0004) Target Pressure End of fueling Start of fueling • Pressure Tank Temperature Hydrogen Storage Container (Global Technical Regulation No.13) Temperature • Communication system Allowable Control Area: Dispenser Pressure • Mass flow meter Tank Dispenser -2.5MPa to +7MPa

© 2018 The Association of Hydrogen Supply and Utilization Technology 11 Regulations, Standards and Guidelines for HRSs Laws and Regulations Technical Standards Self-Guidelines High Pressure Gas Safety Act Exemplified standard HySUT Security Regulation for General - Quality Control High Pressure Gas Japan Industrial Ordinance on Safety of Gas Containers (HySUT-G 0001) Ordinance on Designated Equipment Standard (JIS) Inspection - Hydrogen Metering Ordinance on Safety of Industrial International Standard (HySUT-G 0002) Complexes (ISO/TC197) Fire Service Act - Fueling Performance The High Pressure Gas Validation Building Standards Act Safety Institute of (HySUT-G 0003) Industrial Safety and Health Act Japan (KHK-S) - Inspection Apparatus Act on the Prevention of Disaster Japan Petroleum (HySUT-G 0004) in Petroleum Industrial Complexes and Other Petroleum Energy Center - HPIT* Facilities (JPEC-S) (HySUT-G 0005) Road Transport Vehicle Act Japan Industrial and * Hydrogen Powered Industrial Truck Medical Gases Road Traffic Act Association (JIMGA-S) Reliability of Act on Port Regulations Retail HRSs Safety of HRSs

Number of FCVs Refueling Amount (kg/month) 3,000 18,000

16,000 2,500 14,000

2,000 12,000

10,000 1,500 8,000

1,000 6,000

4,000 500 2,000

0 0

Number of FCVs Refueling Amount (Nationwide total)

 Challenge for Dissemination Cost Reduction & Reliability Improvement

Current HRSs Regulations Review Cost Reduction Technology Social Acceptance Development Reliability Safety Activities Industrial Improvement Standardization Education & Training

Next Generation HRSs

Equipment Specification Hydrogen Source Hydrogen Gas Cylinder Bundle(19.6MPa) x 3 Compressor Capacity: 340Nm3/h, Pressure: 87.5MPa

Max. Operating Pressure: 87.5MPa, Volume: 300L x 4 Pressure Vessel Material: CFRP (Type3)

Max. Operating Pressure: 87.5MPa Dispenser JPEC-S0003 Fueling, Direct fueling capability

Cylinder Bundle Compressor Pressure Vessel Dispenser (19.6MPa) (87.5MPa) (87.5MPa) (87.5MPa)

Yamanashi Prefecture Office

JR Kofu Station

11km

Linear Chuo Shinkansen Station (Planned)

Yamanashi Prefecture Industrial Technology Center Chuo Expressway Kofu-minami Interchange

Location: 3157 Shimomukouyama-cho, Kofu-shi, Yamanashi Prefecture Hydrogen Technical Center

Map Data: Google

Chiller Water storage tank

Cooling tower Cylinder Bundle

Dispenser Cubicle Compressor

Control room Pressure vessel

© 2018 The Association of Hydrogen Supply and Utilization Technology 17 Study on technologies for cost reduction of HRS system (1) at Hydrogen Technical Center (FY2017 NEDO’s R&D Program )  Review of station equipment specification based on actual use condition at the spreading stage

①Optimization of ⑥Combination of ③Simplification of ⑤Back to back compressor capacity direct fueling control mechanism fueling capacity

Compressor Dispenser

Hydrogen

Pressure Vessel ②Minimization of the number of pressure vessels Coolant

Chiller ⑦Max. Operating Pressure of vessels ④Optimization of chiller capacity

Dispenser

Back to back fueling Fueling to Testing Truck

 Standardization of device and control design specifications on a module basis

Current Individual specification by each contractor Compressor (piping, wiring etc.) Pressure Vessel Chiller etc.

- Increase of costs for design and construction 【Main facility package】 - Low compatibility and extensibility

Individually designed piping, wiring and signal

【Hydrogen Production Unit, Trailer】【Control Panel】【Safety Equipment, Accessory】【Dispenser】

* NeV: Next Generation Vehicle Promotion Center ** Basic research on HRS construction subsidies for dissemination of FCVs (Feasibility study on cost reduction effect by standardization of modules and equipment design of HRSs)

- Reduction of design and construction costs - Standardization of specification and - Shortening of construction period from designing interface (facility, piping, wiring etc.) and ordering to completion - Expansion of flexibility of equipment combination

【Main facility package】【Safety Equipment, Accessory】

Compressor Pressure Vessel Chiller etc. Standardized Standardized Interface Interface R&D Standardized Design Program and Control

Standardized Standardized Interface Interface

【Hydrogen Production Unit, Trailer】【Dispenser】【Control Panel】

© 2018 The Association of Hydrogen Supply and Utilization Technology 21 Study on technologies for cost reduction of HRS system (3) Standardization of design specification  PPromotionromot i on ooff cost rereductiond ucti on bby y ffueling ueli ng capacapacityci ty specspecificationifi cati on (new industrial standard category)

Current standard category New Industrial Standard Category (based on supply capacity) (based on fueling capacity) Large Scale (for FCV) Medium Scale (for FCV) Fueling Capacity: 10 to 12 vehicles/h 3 Compressor Capacity: 300Nm /h or more Example of Specification: Fueling Capacity: 5 to 6 vehicles/h 82MPa, 340Nm3/h, 6 Pressure Vessels Specification: 2 Dispensers 82MPa, 340Nm3/h Pre-cooling temperature: -20°C or more 6 Pressure Vessels New fueling protocol (e.g. MC formula) 1 Dispenser, -40 °C Pre-cooling Medium Scale (for FCV) JPECS-0003(2014) Fueling Capacity: 5 to 6 vehicles/h Example of Specification: 82MPa, 170Nm3/h, 4 Pressure Vessels Small Scale (for FCV) 1 Dispenser Compressor Capacity: Pre-cooling temperature: -20°C or more 50Nm3/h or more, less than 300Nm3/h New fueling protocol (e.g. MC formula) Fueling Capacity: 1 to 5 vehicles/h Small Scale (for FCV) Specification: Fueling Capacity: 1 to 2 vehicles/h 82MPa, 50 to 300Nm3/h Example of Specification: 3 to 6 Pressure Vessels 82MPa, 55Nm3/h, 3 Pressure Vessels 1 Dispenser, -40 °C Pre-cooling 1 Dispenser JPECS-0003(2014) Pre-cooling temperature: -20°C or more New fueling protocol (e.g. MC formula)

R&D Program

© 2018 The Association of Hydrogen Supply and Utilization Technology 22 4. Future Issues Hydrogen/FC Strategy Roadmap by METI (June 2014, Revised March 2016) Phase:1 Phase:2 Phase:3 Installation Fuel Cell H2 Power Plant/ CO2-free Hydrogen Mass Supply Chain 2009: Residential FC/2014: FCV 2017: Stationary FC - Accelerate RD&D 2020 around 2020: - Realize reasonable -FCV fuel cost H2 Price Tokyo Olympic ≦ /Paralympics HEV fuel cost -40,000 FCVs, 160 HRSs -Planned R&D based on around 2025: the outlook for the -FCV in main market seg. hydrogen supply system FCV cost competitive 2nd half of 2020’s: ≧ HEV -H2 Cost (CIF) : JPY30/Nm3 -200,000 FCVs, 320 HRSs -Enhance Supply Chain 2nd half of 2020’s: in Japan -Self-sustaining business around 2030: 2030 of HRS -Import H2 from overseas around 2030: -Full Scale H2 Power Plant -800,000 FCVs around 2040: -Full Scale CO2-free H2 2040 FCV: Fuel Cell Vehicle HEV: Hybrid Electric Vehicle (w/ Renewable Energy, CCS, etc) HRS: Hydrogen Refueling Station

Current 2030 Future Figure

Target of Strategy Roadmap (Current) (2020) (2030) Replacing gas stations by HRS 100 160 equivalent 900 improving profitability Self- FCV 2,000 40,000 sustaining 800,000 Strategic Installation of HRSs, Business of Replacing gasoline powered cars Regulations Review, Technology Development FCV/HRS by technology progress and cost FC Bus 2 100 1,200 reduction of fuel cell 2nd half of Forklift 40 500 2020s 10,000 FC conversion of large-sized Construction of Hydrogen Network through mutual cooperation between Ministries vehicles (Source: METI’s website.)

(Source: Website of Toyota Motor Corp.) (Source: Website of Toyota Industries Corp.)

This report contains the results of the programs supported by the New Energy and Industrial Technology Development Organization (NEDO).