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Transcultural Caring Dynamics in Nursing and Health Care 0809 FM I-Xxiv.Qxd 11/2/09 6:15 PM Page Ii 0809 FM I-Xxiv.Qxd 11/2/09 6:15 PM Page Iii 0809_FM_i-xxiv.qxd 11/2/09 6:15 PM Page i Transcultural Caring Dynamics in Nursing and Health Care 0809_FM_i-xxiv.qxd 11/2/09 6:15 PM Page ii 0809_FM_i-xxiv.qxd 11/2/09 6:15 PM Page iii Transcultural Caring Dynamics in Nursing and Health Care By Marilyn A. Ray, RN, PhD, CTN-A Col. (Ret.), United States Air Force (USAF), Nurse Corps Professor Emeritus Florida Atlantic University The Christine E. Lynn College of Nursing Boca Raton, Florida 0809_FM_i-xxiv.qxd 11/2/09 6:15 PM Page iv F. A. Davis Company 1915 Arch Street Philadelphia, PA 19103 www.fadavis.com Copyright © 2010 by F. A. Davis Company Copyright © 2010 by F. A. Davis Company. All rights reserved. This book is protected by copyright. No part of it may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without written permission from the publisher. Printed in the United States of America Last digit indicates print number: 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 Publisher, Nursing: Joanne Patzek DaCunha, RN, MSN Developmental Editor: Caryn Abramowitz Director of Content Development: Darlene Pedersen Project Editor: Kristin L. Kern Cover Design: Dr. H. Lea Barbato Gaydos As new scientific information becomes available through basic and clinical research, recommended treatments and drug therapies undergo changes. The author(s) and publisher have done everything possible to make this book accurate, up to date, and in accord with accepted standards at the time of publication. The author(s), editors, and publisher are not responsible for errors or omissions or for consequences from application of the book, and make no warranty, expressed or implied, in regard to the contents of the book. Any practice described in this book should be applied by the reader in accordance with profes- sional standards of care used in regard to the unique circumstances that may apply in each situation. The reader is advised always to check product information (package inserts) for changes and new information regarding dose and contraindica- tions before administering any drug. Caution is especially urged when using new or infrequently ordered drugs. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Ray, Marilyn Anne. Transcultural caring dynamics in nursing and health care / by Marilyn A. Ray. p. ; cm. Includes bibliographical references. ISBN-13: 978-0-8036-0809-2 ISBN-10: 0-8036-0809-8 1. Transcultural nursing. I. Title. [DNLM: 1. Nursing Care. 2. Transcultural Nursing—methods. 3. Cultural Competency. WY 107 R264t 2010] RT86.54.R39 2010 610.73—dc22 2009029450 Authorization to photocopy items for internal or personal use, or the internal or personal use of specific clients, is granted by F.A. Davis Company for users registered with the Copyright Clearance Center (CCC) Transactional Reporting Service, provided that the fee of $.25 per copy is paid directly to CCC, 222 Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923. For those organizations that have been granted a photocopy license by CCC, a separate system of payment has been arranged. The fee code for users of the Transactional Reporting Service is: 8036-0809-8/10 0 + $.25. 0809_FM_i-xxiv.qxd 11/2/09 6:15 PM Page v To the memory of my late husband, James L. Droesbeke Loving husband, devoted son, caring person And To the memory of my late parents, Arthur and Elvera Ray Caring parents, great teachers, spiritual advisors And To all of my family, teachers, colleagues, and students who have encouraged and supported me throughout my nursing career 0809_FM_i-xxiv.qxd 11/2/09 6:15 PM Page vi The Cover: Sunflower World Sunflower World By H. Lea Barbato Gaydos, PhD, RN Sunflower World is about the interconnectedness of all things. It is in the tradition of a mandala, the Sanskrit word for “whole world” or “healing circle.” Mandalas are usually very colorful and found in many spiritual traditions. The purpose of a mandala is to pro- vide a focus for meditation and reflection. There are three symbolic elements for reflec- tion in Sunflower World. First, in this work, the earth is encompassed by the sunflower, which is meant to sym- bolize the beauty and harmony of the world as it exists in nature. Second, the mosaic background represents the multiplicity of peoples and cultures that inhabit our world, different in color, shape, and tradition, but essentially the same in our humanity. Like the sunflower that follows the light, we must look to our intrinsic nature and compassionate caring to transcend our differences and find our wholeness as human beings in relation- ship with others. Third, the green bars that bisect the image horizontally and vertically represent the four directions; they resemble a ribbon, suggesting a gift, the gift of life. The aesthetic for this piece was inspired by the work of Lily Yeh, Founder and Director of Barefoot Artists, Inc. and her work with people in Africa who had experienced geno- cide. With the community of survivors, she created a healing garden memorial to the dead where before they had only had a mass grave of concrete. vi 0809_FM_i-xxiv.qxd 11/2/09 6:15 PM Page vii BIOSKETCH Marilyn A. Ray, RN, PhD, CTN-A Colonel, Retired, USAF, Nurse Corps arilyn A. Ray, RN, PhD, CTN-A is a economic, legal and humanistic and spiritual-ethical Professor Emeritus at Florida Atlantic caring. The research of Drs. Ray and Turkel earned M University, The Christine E. Lynn College the Federal Nursing Essay Award for research from of Nursing, Boca Raton, Florida where she has served the Association of Military Surgeons of the United for more than 20 years. Throughout her nursing States (AMSUS), and the coin for excellence in nurs- career, she has worked as a clinical nurse in different ing research from the TriService Nursing Research roles in various hospitals, held faculty positions at the Program of the Uniformed Services University of the University of California San Francisco, and the Health Sciences (USUHS). As an advanced certified University of San Francisco, the University of Colorado transcultural nurse (CTN-A), Dr. Ray has published Denver Anschutz Medical Campus, College of Nurs- widely on the subjects of caring in organizational ing, Denver, Colorado, and McMaster University, cultures, caring theory, and caring inquiry, transcul- Hamilton, Canada, and has served in two Eminent tural caring, transcultural ethics, technological car- Scholar positions at Florida Atlantic University and ing, political and economic caring, spiritual caring, Virginia Commonwealth University respectively. She complex caring dynamics, complexity sciences, and holds a diploma from St. Joseph Hospital, Hamilton, relational caring theory in the economics of the Canada, bachelor of science and master of science nurse-patient relationship. She also has published in degrees in nursing from the University of Colorado, the qualitative research area, specifically phenome- Denver, Colorado, a master of arts degree in cultural nology and hermeneutics, the grounded theory anthropology from McMaster University in Hamilton, method, caring inquiry, and critical social theory. Canada, and a doctor of philosophy degree in Dr. Ray’s Bureaucratic Caring Theory has been used transcultural nursing from the University of Utah. in many health-care organizations throughout the Dr. Ray also participated in the two ethics programs world. Dr. Ray contributed to the core curriculum de- of study at Georgetown University, Kennedy Institute velopment for certification of the Transcultural Nurs- of Ethics. She is a Fellow of the Society for Applied ing Society with her model of transcultural caring dy- Anthropology, and received the first honorary degree namics, and qualitative research methods. She is conferred by Nevada State College, Henderson, co-editing a book with Dr. Alice Davidson, Nursing, Nevada. As an officer in the United States Air Force Caring, and Complexity for Human-Environment Reserve, Nurse Corps, she retired as a Colonel after Well-Being. At Florida Atlantic University, Dr. Ray more than 30 years of service in flight nursing, clini- serves as a guest teacher, continues to work with cal practice, administration, education, research, and doctoral students, and is a faculty mentor. In addi- consultation in aerospace nursing. Dr. Ray was a tion, she is on the review boards of the Journal principal investigator on many federal grants with of Transcultural Nursing and Qualitative Health her colleague and co-principal investigator, Dr. Marian Research. Dr. Ray also presents at many national Turkel. Their research using both qualitative and and international conferences and will represent the quantitative methods involved the study of nurse discipline and profession of nursing as a speaker at and administrative caring in complex organizational the 2010 World Universities Forum in Davos, cultures with emphasis on technological, political, Switzerland. vii 0809_FM_i-xxiv.qxd 11/2/09 6:15 PM Page viii 0809_FM_i-xxiv.qxd 11/2/09 6:15 PM Page ix FOREWORD t no time in the history of humankind has professionals are often heard in the thinking, words, there been so many major and subtle and actions of many nurses. A changes in the world. Changes and the Over the past 50 years, a cadre of professional processes of change are occurring worldwide and in- nurse scholars have studied and documented human fluencing the values of human beings, and altering caring. Among these caring scholars has been the their environments, societies, economics, politics, and author of this book, Dr. Marilyn Ray, who has spiritual and ethical lifeways. These changes are focused on transcultural caring dynamics in nursing related to many factors but especially to new tech- and health care. Dr. Ray has interwoven the essence nologies, human innovations, rapid transportation, of caring, transcultural caring ethics, transcultural changing economic conditions, new kinds of intercul- context and universal sources (spirituality) into a tural relationships, geopolitical challenges, wars, cli- model for awareness, understanding, and choice for matic shifts in temperature, and major language and patients and families of diverse cultures regarding living changes.
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