Jet Propulsion Laboratory California Institute of Technology
The Technology Challenges of Space Science
Jonas Zmuidzinas,Chief Technologist Jet Propulsion Laboratory California Institute of Technology Jet Propulsion Laboratory California Institute of Technology
Jet Propulsion Laboratory From Caltech students testing rockets California Institute of Technology to exploring the planets
Caltech students (1936) Missiles (1940s) Explorer 1 (1958)
Mars Exploration Rovers (2004 Spitzer Space Telescope (2004 – Earth Science (1978 – present) present) – now) Jet Propulsion Laboratory JPL is part of NASA and Caltech California Institute of Technology
• Federally-funded (NASA-owned) Research and Development Center (FFRDC) • University Operated (Caltech) • $1.5B Business Base • 5,000 Employees • 177 Acres (includes 22 acres leased for parking) • 139 Buildings; 36 Trailers • 673,000 Net Square Feet of Office Space • 906,000 Net Square Feet of Non- Office Space (e.g., Labs) National Aeronautics and Space Administration End-to-end capabilities needed to Jet Propulsion Laboratory California Institute of Technology Pasadena, California implement missions
Mars Rovers
Project Formulation - Team X Mission Design Large Structures - SRTM
Scientific Research
Ion Engines
Real Time Operations Environmental Integration and Spacecraft Development Test Test 6/27/2013 Zmuidzinas - SEMWO 2012 5 24 Spacecraft and 10 Instruments Jet Propulsion Laboratory California Institute of Technology Across the Solar System and Beyond
GALEX ACRIMSAT Mars Odyssey Cassini CloudSat
Spitzer Kepler Juno Aquarius GRACE
Two Voyagers Dawn Opportunity EPOXI-Deep Impact GRAIL
Wide-field Infrared Survey Mars Reconnaissance Jason 1 and Jason 2 Mars Science Laboratory Nuclear Spectroscopic Explorer (WISE) Orbiter Telescope Array (NuSTAR) National Aeronautics and Space Administration
Jet Propulsion Laboratory California Institute of Technology Pasadena, California Jet Propulsion Laboratory California Institute of Technology
AIRS – atmospheric temperature JASON – sea surface height GRACE – gravity
QUIKSCAT – wind MISR - aerosols TES – trace gas
MLS – ozone layer CLOUDSAT – water content Aquarius - sea surface salinity
Multiple ways to look at a changing Earth Jet Propulsion Laboratory JPL’s mission for NASA is robotic California Institute of Technology space exploration
. Mars
. Solar system
. Exoplanets
. Astrophysics
. Earth Science
. Interplanetary network National Aeronautics and Space Administration
Jet Propulsion Laboratory California Institute of Technology Invention of the CMOS Imager Pasadena, California
Willard Boyle & George Smith Early 1970s: James Janesick starts JPL CCD effort Invent CCD at Bell Labs in 1969 1990-93: HST launched; CCDs used in JPL’s WF/PC and WF/PC 2 Win Nobel Prize in Physics, 2009 JPL’s Jim Janesick writes “the book” on scientific CCDs
1989: Eric Fossum visits JPL as DVS 1995: Photobit (spinoff), Micron Technology, Aptina… 1990-92: joins JPL, invents CMOS APS 2011 (May):9 Fossum inducted into National Inventor’s Hall of Fame The First Flyby of Mars Jet Propulsion Laboratory California Institute of Technology Mariner 4, 1965
Glaser Leighton Feynman Bacher
Mariner 4's famous picture Number 11, revealed large impact
craters and other topographical features of Mars,10 July 1965 6/27/2013 Zmuidzinas - SEMWO 2012 National Aeronautics and Space Administration Deep space exploration enabled by Jet Propulsion Laboratory California Institute of Technology Pasadena, California NASA’s Deep Space Network (DSN)
Goldstone
Canberra
Madrid 6/27/2013 Zmuidzinas - SEMWO 2012 11 National Aeronautics and Space Administration
Jet Propulsion Laboratory California Institute of Technology DSN: The early years Pasadena, California
Left: liquid helium servicing of a maser receiver, 1961. Right: Block I S-band maser receiver of the type user for Mariner 4, with closed-cycle JT refrigerator, circa 1965. 6/27/2013 Zmuidzinas - SEMWO 2012 12 National Aeronautics and Space Administration
Jet Propulsion Laboratory California Institute of Technology Mariner 4 Occultation Experiment Pasadena, California
~0.5% of Earth
6/27/2013 Zmuidzinas - SEMWO 2012 13
National Aeronautics and Space Administration The 1st Spacecraft to Orbit Mars Jet Propulsion Laboratory California Institute of Technology Pasadena, California Mariner 9 - 1971
Arthur C. Clarke, Ray Bradbury, Walter Sullivan, Carl Sagan and Bruce Murray On Stage at Beckman Auditorium 6/27/2013 Zmuidzinas - SEMWO 2012 14 JPL Memorialized on MARS
J .--- P .--. L .-..
Morse Code ChemCam (Chemistry)
Mastcam APXS (Imaging) MAHLI RAD (Chemistry) (Radiation) (Imaging) REMS (Weather)
DAN (Subsurface Hydrogen)
Drill Scoop Brush Sieves
SAM (Chemistry CheMin MARDI and Isotopes) (Mineralogy) (Imaging)
Curiosity’s Science Payload 6/27/2013 Zmuidzinas - SEMWO 2012 16 NASA/JPL- Caltech/MSSS The conglomerate “Link” with associated loose, rounded pebbles 6/27/2013 Zmuidzinas - SEMWO 2012 17 A scoop full of Mars sand
18 NASA/JPL- Caltech NASA/JPL-Caltech, SAM/GSFC
Probing Mars’ Atmosphere
Zmuidzinas - SEMWO 2012 19 National Aeronautics and Space Administration TLS: Tunable Laser Spectrometer Jet Propulsion Laboratory California Institute of Technology Pasadena, California C. Webster, TLS PI
1980s 1990s Liquid nitrogen- Liquid helium-cooled lasers 2000s cooled lasers Thermoelectrically cooled lasers
20 National Aeronautics and Space Administration TLS: Interband Cascade Laser for Jet Propulsion Laboratory California Institute of Technology Pasadena, California Methane Detection
“W” Active AlSb
CB InAs GaSb InAs/Al(In)Sb SL Injector
Inject Emit Molecular Beam Epitaxy
Recycle Tunnel VB T2 Transfer
GaInSb Electron Beam Lithography 6/27/2013 Zmuidzinas - SEMWO 2012 21