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The Technology Challenges of Space Science

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The Technology Challenges of Space Science Jet Propulsion Laboratory California Institute of Technology The Technology Challenges of Space Science Jonas Zmuidzinas,Chief Technologist Jet Propulsion Laboratory California Institute of Technology Jet Propulsion Laboratory California Institute of Technology Jet Propulsion Laboratory From Caltech students testing rockets California Institute of Technology to exploring the planets Caltech students (1936) Missiles (1940s) Explorer 1 (1958) Mars Exploration Rovers (2004 Spitzer Space Telescope (2004 – Earth Science (1978 – present) present) – now) Jet Propulsion Laboratory JPL is part of NASA and Caltech California Institute of Technology • Federally-funded (NASA-owned) Research and Development Center (FFRDC) • University Operated (Caltech) • $1.5B Business Base • 5,000 Employees • 177 Acres (includes 22 acres leased for parking) • 139 Buildings; 36 Trailers • 673,000 Net Square Feet of Office Space • 906,000 Net Square Feet of Non- Office Space (e.g., Labs) National Aeronautics and Space Administration End-to-end capabilities needed to Jet Propulsion Laboratory California Institute of Technology Pasadena, California implement missions Mars Rovers Project Formulation - Team X Mission Design Large Structures - SRTM Scientific Research Ion Engines Real Time Operations Environmental Integration and Spacecraft Development Test Test 6/27/2013 Zmuidzinas - SEMWO 2012 5 24 Spacecraft and 10 Instruments Jet Propulsion Laboratory California Institute of Technology Across the Solar System and Beyond GALEX ACRIMSAT Mars Odyssey Cassini CloudSat Spitzer Kepler Juno Aquarius GRACE Two Voyagers Dawn Opportunity EPOXI-Deep Impact GRAIL Wide-field Infrared Survey Mars Reconnaissance Jason 1 and Jason 2 Mars Science Laboratory Nuclear Spectroscopic Explorer (WISE) Orbiter Telescope Array (NuSTAR) National Aeronautics and Space Administration Jet Propulsion Laboratory California Institute of Technology Pasadena, California Jet Propulsion Laboratory California Institute of Technology AIRS – atmospheric temperature JASON – sea surface height GRACE – gravity QUIKSCAT – wind MISR - aerosols TES – trace gas MLS – ozone layer CLOUDSAT – water content Aquarius - sea surface salinity Multiple ways to look at a changing Earth Jet Propulsion Laboratory JPL’s mission for NASA is robotic California Institute of Technology space exploration . Mars . Solar system . Exoplanets . Astrophysics . Earth Science . Interplanetary network National Aeronautics and Space Administration Jet Propulsion Laboratory California Institute of Technology Invention of the CMOS Imager Pasadena, California Willard Boyle & George Smith Early 1970s: James Janesick starts JPL CCD effort Invent CCD at Bell Labs in 1969 1990-93: HST launched; CCDs used in JPL’s WF/PC and WF/PC 2 Win Nobel Prize in Physics, 2009 JPL’s Jim Janesick writes “the book” on scientific CCDs 1989: Eric Fossum visits JPL as DVS 1995: Photobit (spinoff), Micron Technology, Aptina… 1990-92: joins JPL, invents CMOS APS 2011 (May):9 Fossum inducted into National Inventor’s Hall of Fame The First Flyby of Mars Jet Propulsion Laboratory California Institute of Technology Mariner 4, 1965 Glaser Leighton Feynman Bacher Mariner 4's famous picture Number 11, revealed large impact craters and other topographical features of Mars,10 July 1965 6/27/2013 Zmuidzinas - SEMWO 2012 National Aeronautics and Space Administration Deep space exploration enabled by Jet Propulsion Laboratory California Institute of Technology Pasadena, California NASA’s Deep Space Network (DSN) Goldstone Canberra Madrid 6/27/2013 Zmuidzinas - SEMWO 2012 11 National Aeronautics and Space Administration Jet Propulsion Laboratory California Institute of Technology DSN: The early years Pasadena, California Left: liquid helium servicing of a maser receiver, 1961. Right: Block I S-band maser receiver of the type user for Mariner 4, with closed-cycle JT refrigerator, circa 1965. 6/27/2013 Zmuidzinas - SEMWO 2012 12 National Aeronautics and Space Administration Jet Propulsion Laboratory California Institute of Technology Mariner 4 Occultation Experiment Pasadena, California ~0.5% of Earth 6/27/2013 Zmuidzinas - SEMWO 2012 13 National Aeronautics and Space Administration The 1st Spacecraft to Orbit Mars Jet Propulsion Laboratory California Institute of Technology Pasadena, California Mariner 9 - 1971 Arthur C. Clarke, Ray Bradbury, Walter Sullivan, Carl Sagan and Bruce Murray On Stage at Beckman Auditorium 6/27/2013 Zmuidzinas - SEMWO 2012 14 JPL Memorialized on MARS J .--- P .--. L .-.. Morse Code ChemCam (Chemistry) Mastcam APXS (Imaging) MAHLI RAD (Chemistry) (Radiation) (Imaging) REMS (Weather) DAN (Subsurface Hydrogen) Drill Scoop Brush Sieves SAM (Chemistry CheMin MARDI and Isotopes) (Mineralogy) (Imaging) Curiosity’s Science Payload 6/27/2013 Zmuidzinas - SEMWO 2012 16 NASA/JPL- Caltech/MSSS The conglomerate “Link” with associated loose, rounded pebbles 6/27/2013 Zmuidzinas - SEMWO 2012 17 A scoop full of Mars sand 18 NASA/JPL- Caltech NASA/JPL-Caltech, SAM/GSFC Probing Mars’ Atmosphere Zmuidzinas - SEMWO 2012 19 National Aeronautics and Space Administration TLS: Tunable Laser Spectrometer Jet Propulsion Laboratory California Institute of Technology Pasadena, California C. Webster, TLS PI 1980s 1990s Liquid nitrogen- Liquid helium-cooled lasers 2000s cooled lasers Thermoelectrically cooled lasers 20 National Aeronautics and Space Administration TLS: Interband Cascade Laser for Jet Propulsion Laboratory California Institute of Technology Pasadena, California Methane Detection “W” Active AlSb CB InAs GaSb InAs/Al(In)Sb SL Injector Inject Emit Molecular Beam Epitaxy Recycle Tunnel VB T2 Transfer GaInSb Electron Beam Lithography 6/27/2013 Zmuidzinas - SEMWO 2012 21 .
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