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Fatma Aliye Hanim'in Felsefî Görüşleri

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Fatma Aliye Hanim'in Felsefî Görüşleri T.C. ANKARA YILDIRIM BEYAZIT ÜNİVERSİTESİ SOSYAL BİLİMLER ENSTİTÜSÜ FATMA ALİYE HANIM’IN FELSEFÎ GÖRÜŞLERİ YÜKSEK LİSANS TEZİ Zeynep ÖZGER FELSEFE ANABİLİM DALI Danışman Prof. Dr. Mehmet VURAL ANKARA 2019 Sosyal BilimlEr Enstitü Onayı _____________________ Doç. Dr. SEyfullah YILDIRIM Enstitü Müdürü Bu tEzin YüksEk Lisans/Doktora derecEsi için gereken tüm şartları sağladığını tasdik ede- rim. _____________________ Prof. Dr. Musa Kazım ARICAN Anabilim Dalı Başkanı Okuduğumuz ve savunmasını dinlEdiğimiz bu tEzin bir YüksEk Lisans/Doktora derecEsi için gereken tüm kapsam ve kalitE şartlarını sağladığını beyan ederim. _____________________ Prof. Dr. MEhmEt VURAL Danışman Jüri Üyeleri Prof. Dr. MEhmEt VURAL (AYBÜ, FELSEFE) ____________________ Prof. Dr. Musa Kazım ARICAN (AYBÜ, FELSEFE) ____________________ Prof. Dr. Müfit SElim SARUHAN (AÜİF, İSLAM FELSEFESİ) ___________________ BEYAN Bu tEz içErisindEki bütün bilgilErin akademik kurallar ve Etik davranış çerçevesinde elde edilerek sunulduğunu beyan ederim. Ayrıca bu kurallar ve davranışların gerektirdiği gibi bu çalışmada orijinal olmayan her tür kaynak vE sonuçlara tam olarak atıf vE referans yap- tığımı da bEyan edErim; aksi takdirdE tüm yasal sorumluluğu kabul Ediyorum. Adı Soyadı: ZEynEp ÖZGER İmza: İÇİNDEKİLER TEZ KABUL ONAY SAYFASI ............................................................................... ii İNTİHAL/BEYAN ................................................................................................... iii İÇİNDEKİLER ......................................................................................................... iv ÖZET ........................................................................................................................ vi ABSTRACT ............................................................................................................ vii KISALTMALAR ................................................................................................... viii ÖNSÖZ ...................................................................................................................... 1 GİRİŞ: OSMANLI’DA FELSEFE ............................................................................ 2 BİRİNCİ BÖLÜM: FATMA ALİYE HANIM’IN HAYATI VE ESERLERİ ....... 16 1.1. Fatma Aliye Hanım’ın Hayatı .......................................................................... 16 1.2. Fatma Aliye Hanım’ın Hayatındaki Önemli KişilEr ........................................ 38 1.2.1. AhmEd Cevdet Paşa ............................................................................... 38 1.2.2. Ali SEdad Bey ......................................................................................... 42 1.2.3. Emine SEmiye ......................................................................................... 43 1.2.4. AhmEd Midhat Efendi ............................................................................ 44 1.3. Fatma Aliye’nin EsErlEri .................................................................................. 48 1.3.1. ÇevirilEri ................................................................................................. 48 1.3.2. Kitapları .................................................................................................. 48 1.3.3. GazEtE ya da DErgilErde Yayınlanmış Yazılar ........................................ 49 1.3.4. Basılmamış EsEri .................................................................................... 49 1.3.5. Yarım Kalmış Çalışmaları ...................................................................... 49 iv 1.3.6. MakalElEri ............................................................................................... 49 1.3.7. Yabancı DillEre Çevrilmiş EsErlEri ......................................................... 52 İKİNCİ BÖLÜM: FATMA ALİYE HANIM’IN FELSEFÎ GÖRÜŞLERİ ............ 53 2.1. Fatma Aliye Hanım ve FElsEfe ......................................................................... 53 2.1.1. FElsEfe NEdir? ......................................................................................... 54 2.1.2. Filozof Kimdir? ....................................................................................... 55 2.2. Fatma Aliye Hanım’ın FElsEfeye Dair EsErlEri ................................................ 59 2.2.1. Terâcim-i Ahvâl-i Felâsife ...................................................................... 59 2.2.2. Tedkîk-i Ecsâm ........................................................................................ 65 ÜÇÜNCÜ BÖLÜM: DÖNEMİNİN MESELELERİ VE FATMA ALİYE HANIM ...................................................................................... 75 3.1. Kadın ve Eğitim MEsElEsi ................................................................................ 75 3.2. Evlilik ve Boşanma MEsElEsi ........................................................................... 80 3.3. Çok Eşlilik MEsElEsi ......................................................................................... 87 3.4. Cariyelik MEsElEsi ............................................................................................ 90 3.4. TEsEttür-Moda MEsElEsi ................................................................................... 93 SONUÇ .................................................................................................................... 98 KAYNAKÇA ...................................................................................................... 101 v ÖZET Fatma Aliye Hanım’ın Felsefî Görüşleri ÖZGER, ZEynEp YüksEk Lisans, FElsEfE Anabilim Dalı Tez Danışmanı: Prof. Dr. MEhmEt VURAL Haziran 2019, 108 + viii sayfa Fatma AliyE Hanım, Tanzimat dönEmi hukukçu, tarihçi ve devlEt adamı olan AhmEd CevdEt Paşa vE AdviyE Hanım’ın İstanbul’da dünyaya gElEn kızıdır. Yaşadığı dönEmdE iyi bir öğrEnim görmE şansına sahip olan Fatma Aliye Hanım yalnız özEl öğrEtmEnlErden ders almakla kalmamış aynı zamanda babası Ahmed Cevdet Paşa ölene kadar ondan dErs al- mayı sürdürmüştür. ManEvi babası olan Ahmed Midhat EfEndi ölEnE kadar, Fatma AliyE Hanım onunla birçok konuda fikir alışvErişindE bulunmuştur. Batı’daki bilimsEl vE fElsEfî gElişmElErdEn habErdar olan Fatma AliyE Hanım fElsE- feyE dair ilk kitabı Terâcim-i Ahvâl-i Felâsife’dE Yunan felsEfesindEn başlayarak İslâm felsEfesiylE dEvam EdEn süreci kalEmE almış, birçok felsEfecinin isimlErindEn vE bazı fel- sefî akımlardan bahsetmiştir. DiğEr kitabı olan Tedkîk-i Ecsâm isE Batı’da art arda olan gelişmElEr sonucunda oluşan matEryalist düşüncE akımına karşı yazılmış bir rEddiyedir. Sonuçta birçok konu hakkında fikir bEyan Etmiş Fatma AliyE Hanım’ın olaylara ba- kış açısında ve uygulamalarındaki tEmEl saikin İslâm düşüncE gelEneğine uygun olduğu belirtmEktE bir sakınca yoktur. Onun felsefe alanında ve Osmanlı’da ilk defa bir kadın tarafından yazılmış olan iki kitabında işlenilen, Eleştirilen vE savunulan konular Ele alındı- ğında köklü bir düşüncE ve zEngin bir kültürün EtkilEri görülür. Anahtar Kelimeler: İslâm düşüncEsi, Tanzimat DönEmi, AhmEd CEvdEt Paşa, Ah- med Midhat EfEndi SUMMARY Philosophical Vievs Of Mrs. Fatma Aliye ÖZGER, ZEynEp MA, Philosophy DEpartmEnt ThEsis Advisor: Prof. Dr. MEhmEt VURAL JUNE 2019, 108 + viii pages Mrs Fatma AliyE who wErE born in Istanbul was thE daughtEr of Mrs AdviyE and Mr AhmEd CEvdEt Pasha who was a statEsman, historian and jurist in thE Tanzimat pEriod. Mrs Fatma AliyE, who had thE chancE to havE a good Education during hEr lifE, did not only takE lessons from private teachErs but also continuEd to takE lessons from AhmEd CevdEt Pasha, who was hEr fathEr, until his dEath. In addition, Mrs Fatma AliyE ExchangEd idEas about many issuEs with Mr. AhmEd Midhat, who was hEr spiritual fathEr, until hE diEd. Mrs Fatma AliyE, who was awarE of thE sciEntific and philosophical dEvElopmEnts in thE WEst, wrote thE procEss starting from GrEEk philosophy and continuing with Islâmic philosophy, and mEntioned the namEs of many philosophers and somE philosophical movEments in Terâcim-i Ahvâl-i Felâsife that was hEr first book on philosophy. Also Tedkîk-i Ecsâm, which is his another book, is a rEfusal wrotEn against the movemEnt of matErialist thought that has EmergEd as a rEsult of consEcutivE dEvElopments in thE West. As a rEsult, it isn’t objEctionablE to ExprEss that thE main motivE in thE pErspEctivE and practices of Mrs Fatma Aliye, who expressed her opinions on many issues, is in accordance with Islâmic thought tradition. The effects of a deep-rootEd thought and a rich culture can be seen when considering the handled, criticized and defended topics in her two books written by a woman for thE first timE in thE Ottoman EmpirE and bEEn in thE fiEld of philosophy. Key Words: Islâmic thought, Tanzimat PEriod, AhmEd CEvdEt Pasha, AhmEd Midhat EfEndi vii KISALTMALAR age. : Adı gEçEn esEr agm. : Adı gEçEn makale akt. : Aktaran bkz. : Bakınız çev. : ÇEvirEn ed. : Editör haz. : Hazırlayan yay. : Yayına hazırlayan Yay. : Yayınları/yayınEvi s. : Sayfa S. : Sayı C. : Cilt vb. : VE bEnzEri viii ÖNSÖZ Fatma AliyE Hanım’ın fElsEfî görüşlErini ElE alacağımız bu çalışma, onun düşüncElErinin tEmElini oluşturan din, tarih, kültür, âdEt, gElenEk vE dönEminin sosyal hayatı Etrafında şEkillEnmiştir. Yaşadığı dönemin Osmanlı DEvlEti için de önemli ve kritik bir dönem olduğu düşüncEsinden harEketlE dönemin tarihî olayları, bu olaylarda Fatma AliyE Hanım’ın tutumu vE yazıları ElE alınarak fElsEfî görüşlEri ortaya konulmaya çalışılmıştır. Şimdiye kadar Fatma Aliye Hanım hakkında birçok çalışma yapılmıştır.
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