FREE ACADEMIC IDENTITIES IN HIGHER EDUCATION THE CHANGING EUROPEAN LANDSCAPE 1ST EDITION PDF

Linda Evans | 9781350011038 | | | | | How decolonization could reshape South African science

Thank you for visiting nature. You are using a browser version with limited support for CSS. To obtain the best experience, we recommend you use a more up to date browser or turn off compatibility mode in Internet Explorer. In the meantime, to ensure continued support, we are displaying the site without styles and JavaScript. Wanga Zembe-Mkabile felt like both an insider and an outsider doing community research. Credit: Samantha Reinders for Nature. Inthe South African social-policy researcher was collecting data for her PhD on the outcomes of government Academic Identities in Higher Education The Changing European Landscape 1st edition grants. But seeing the embarrassment in home after home as people opened their often- empty pantries, Zembe-Mkabile felt something was amiss. At the time, she did not act on her unease. Only years later, as an established scientist, did Zembe-Mkabile begin to understand the complexity of her apprehension. Community-based research often puts young scientists in a position of power over research participants, a role that can be daunting and unfamiliar. But for Zembe-Mkabile, the feelings went deeper. The vestiges of that power imbalance were still there in her kitchen encounters. Zembe-Mkabile grew up around poverty, but as a scientist trained at the University of Oxford, UK, she was the product of a system shaped by and for white Europeans. The tension between these two roles — the insider and the outsider — is central to her identity as a researcher, and has shaped her thinking about how research can, and should, be done. Now, working at the South African Medical Research Council in Cape Town, she directs studies on how social policy relates to poverty, inequality and health. She plans to involve communities at the design stage of her experiments and, eventually, to include them in the analysis as well. Already, if she feels a tool or question is not appropriate for its setting, she eliminates it from her research. Zembe-Mkabile thinks about her experiences a lot when she considers the mounting calls in her country to decolonize academia. Decolonization is a movement to eliminate, or at least mitigate, the disproportionate legacy of white European thought and in education. It also means dismantling the hegemony of European values and making way for the local philosophy and traditions that colonists had cast aside. Substantial literature from around the world supports the need to change curricula, and some South African universities have begun to take action and establish review committees. But the push for change is sometimes tense. Student demonstrations have wrapped arguments about decolonization into protests over university fees, and have resulted in disrupted classes, fires and millions of dollars spent on security and repairs. Science departments have struggled to define what decolonization means for their curricula and for research. Most are ramping up efforts to overcome the glaring under-representation of black scientists, but what comes next is unclear. South Africa, like many nations, is currently dealing with high unemployment rates and glaring inequality. These are cast into sharp focus by the legacy of apartheid rule. Although political power has been in the hands of the black majority since the dawn of South African democracy 24 years ago, economic power remains with white people: Academic Identities in Higher Education The Changing European Landscape 1st edition households in earned around 4. Students, meanwhile, face multiple barriers to achievement, including an education system that has left many unprepared for university studies. As for curricula, African literature, philosophy, medicine and culture are often relegated to optional courses or skipped entirely. Nokwanda Makunga was warned off joining the faculty of a formerly all-white university. Credit: Caroline Yang for Nature. Some hail from communities that are distrustful of science. The best approximation, she says, is ukuphandawhich has negative connotations. Zembe-Mkabile says that protesting against inequality in the universities was not on the table when she was a student. We were fast asleep. At least now, students are alert. Amanda Hlengwa, an academic developer at Rhodes University in Grahamstown, has similar memories of her undergraduate degree in Durban in the late s. That was the only way to survive. But strategies to address this gap have been slow to materialize and are unevenly implemented. Thaddeus Metz, a philosopher at the University of Johannesburg, agrees. Many in the humanities and social sciences are angry because they feel isolated and powerless. In the natural sciences it gets more complicated, because the meaning of decolonization is not well defined and its relevance is contested. Does decolonizing science mean throwing out Isaac Newton, and Gregor Mendel, and starting afresh with indigenous knowledge? But only a small minority of scientists hold such radical views. For most, decolonization of science calls for something more complex and subtle. Such shifts in thinking could mean, for example, that pharmacology students hear how drugs are being developed from plants their grandmothers used to treat stomach ache. This would show the relevance of traditional culture in modern science and anchor the curriculum Academic Identities in Higher Education The Changing European Landscape 1st edition local experience. In other subjects, it could be about highlighting the contribution of non-Europeans, or facing the unsavoury history of a discipline: for example, exploring how medical research had a role in fuelling racist ideas and how these were challenged and overturned. Across the board, it means ensuring that research addresses local problems and challenges. But the point of science, he adds, is to find solutions for real-world problems. And for that, context needs to be part of how science is taught, he says. Such refocusing is taking much too long in South African universities, says Makaula. And that inertia is costing the country dearly in terms of black research talent. He sees himself as a prime example. A decade ago, Makaula earned a PhD in cardiology. But repeated brushes with racism and tokenism Academic Identities in Higher Education The Changing European Landscape 1st edition being asked, along with other black students, to meet potential funders while his white colleagues could stay in the lab — frustrated him to the point that he left academia. Today, he works for the Council on Higher Education based in Pretoria, a public-sector body that deals with quality control and regulatory compliance in universities. On the face of it, South African universities are working on decolonizing their academic offerings. Most Academic Identities in Higher Education The Changing European Landscape 1st edition created committees to review their curricula — although few have much to show for it. And all are under pressure from government and funding bodies to train and hire more black academics. Research funders are following suit. A few years ago, the Medical Research Council dedicated a significant portion of its largest grant programme to early-career scientists, and added weighting for gender and race. It will look at how medical research can draw on social science to become more sensitive to community needs. Some South Africans approach decolonization as a way to rediscover their heritage. Nokwanda Makunga, a biotechnologist at Stellenbosch University near Cape Town, grew up in the intellectual circles that gave rise to anti-apartheid freedom fighters such as Steve Biko and Nelson Mandela. From a young age, Makunga knew exactly what a scientist did. One of her early memories is of helping her father — a botanist — count kernels of maize corn for an experiment. In the dying years of apartheid, she attended a private boarding school in Grahamstown, where racial tensions were muted. It therefore came as a shock when, inshe arrived at university in Pietermaritzburg in the politically fractious province now known as KwaZulu-Natal. Then I was launched into the true South Africa. But she was also too black for the white students. There are a few reasons for this. It is cheaper to study in South Africa than in Europe or the United States, and the country offers better research facilities than elsewhere in Africa. But for some locals, the growing presence of foreign black researchers is a problem. Jobs are scarce, and some believe that universities are more willing to hire non-South African black people than locals. They see you as an outsider. The system is blind to its own biases, he says. They face many challenges, he says, but, given the right support, they blossom. Inafter earning her doctorate, Makunga yearned to move to a quieter, more research-focused institution. She got an offer from Stellenbosch University, a formerly all-white institution nestled in the picturesque Cape Winelands. It offered stability, and a platform for Makunga to build an international reputation. But it had also, historically, been a bastion of white supremacy, having produced infamous apartheid-era prime ministers such as Hendrik Verwoerd and D. When she was growing Academic Identities in Higher Education The Changing European Landscape 1st edition, her family did not use traditional medicine, she says. Having studied a variety of plants, in she returned to the Eastern Cape, where she grew up, to learn about the traditional medicine practised by her ancestors. She takes her responsibility as custodian of these practices seriously. Stellenbosch has changed a lot since she was warned off, says Makunga, who is currently at the University of Minnesota in Minneapolis for a nine-month Fulbright scholarship. She feels welcome at Stellenbosch and valued as a black woman — still a rare occurrence at faculty level. Still, she longs for the day when that Academic Identities in Higher Education The Changing European Landscape 1st edition not the headline issue; when she can be a scientist first and a black woman second. Mamokgethi Phakeng is ambivalent about being a role model for young black academics. Credit: Alexia Webster for Nature. And they face tough odds. Phakeng is a scholar of mathematics education and deputy vice-chancellor of research at the University of Cape Town. Her outspokenness about the experience of black researchers has charmed an army of Instagram and Twitter followers. But at times the veneration is misguided, she feels. To her, the most important thing she has done is excel as a researcher. She showed 3for example, that code-switching — alternating between languages — helps multilingual people to understand mathematical concepts. This is significant in South Africa, where students have been scolded for using their home language. - Wikipedia

To browse Academia. Skip to main content. Log In Sign Up. Download Free PDF. Jon Nixon. Linda Evans. Linda Evans and Jon Nixon have assembled an authoritative group of scholars who trace the varying impacts of major structural developments and institutional changes in higher education… An informed, scholarly and critical contribution to current debates swirling in higher education and a valuable resource for the international higher education research community. The reflections—some deeply personal—attest to the resilience of individuals in times of stress and dislocation. The well edited contributions explore this process of formation and articulation and addresses the question: what does it mean to be an academic in 21st century Europe? Related Papers. Learning to think together - reflections on the academic journal culture. By Jon Nixon. By Dora Giannaki. The education of deaf- mutes in the XIXth century Sicily. By Caterina Sindoni. Download pdf. Remember me on this computer. Enter the email address you signed up with and we'll email you a reset link. Academic Identities in Higher Education The Changing European Landscape 1st edition an account? Click here to sign up. DUKE MIDDLE EAST IN EUROPE | Global Education Office

A cultural landscapeas defined by the World Heritage Committeeis the "cultural [that] represent the combined works of nature and of man". The concept of 'cultural landscapes' can be found in the European tradition of . The major task of geography was to trace the changes in these two landscapes. It was Carl O. Sauera human geographerwho was probably the most influential in promoting and developing the idea of cultural landscapes. Within his definition, the physical environment retains a central significance, as the medium with and through which human act. Culture is the agent, the natural area is the medium, the cultural landscape is the result". In the s, for instance, J. Jackson and his publication 'Landscape' influenced a generation of particularly American scholars, including architectural historians Denise Scott Brownand Gwendolyn Wright. Bythe World Heritage Committee elected to convene a meeting of the 'specialists' to advise and assist redraft the Committee's Operational Guidelines to include 'cultural landscapes' as an option for heritage listing properties that were neither purely natural nor purely cultural in form i. The World Academic Identities in Higher Education The Changing European Landscape 1st edition Committee's adoption and use of the concept of 'cultural landscapes' has seen multiple specialists around the world, and many nations identifying 'cultural landscapes', assessing 'cultural landscapes', heritage listing 'cultural landscapes', managing 'cultural landscapes', and effectively making 'cultural landscapes' known and visible to Academic Identities in Higher Education The Changing European Landscape 1st edition world, with very practical ramifications and challenges. A academic review of the combined efforts of the World Heritage Committee, multiple specialists around the world, and nations to apply the concept of 'cultural landscapes', observed and concluded that:. Within academia, any system of interaction between human activity and natural habitat is regarded as a cultural landscape. In a sense this understanding is broader than the definition applied within UNESCO, including, as it does, almost the whole of the world's occupied surface, plus almost all the uses, , interactions, practices, beliefs, concepts, and traditions of people living within cultural landscapes. It is a geographical area — including natural and cultural resources — associated to historical evolution, which gives way to a recognizable landscape for a particular human group, up to the point of being identifiable as such by others. Some universities now Academic Identities in Higher Education The Changing European Landscape 1st edition specialist degrees in the study of cultural landscapes, including, for instance, the Universities of Naples, St. The World Heritage Committee has identified and listed a number of areas or properties as cultural landscapes of universal value to humankind, including the following: [15]. The mountains at the heart of the park have cultural and religious significance for the Maori people and symbolize the spiritual links between this community and its environment. The park has active and extinct volcanoes, a diverse range of ecosystems and some spectacular landscapes. Uluru, an immense monolith, and Kata Tjuta, the rock domes located west of Uluru, form part of the traditional belief system of one of the oldest human societies in Academic Identities in Higher Education The Changing European Landscape 1st edition world. The fruit of knowledge handed down from one generation to the next, and the expression of sacred traditions and a delicate social balance, they have helped to create a landscape of great beauty that expresses the harmony between humankind and the environment. Ferdinand II turned a ruined monastery into a castle where this new sensitivity was displayed in the use of Gothic, Egyptian, Moorish and Renaissance elements and in the creation of a park blending local and exotic species of trees. Other fine dwellings, built along the same lines in the surrounding serra, created a unique combination of parks and gardens which influenced the development of throughout Europe". The layout and disposition of the small towns and the shaping of the surrounding landscape, overcoming the disadvantages of a steep, uneven terrain, encapsulate the continuous history of human settlement in this region over the past millennium. The first Hungarian national park established init is the country's largest protected area 82 thousand hectares. A significant part of it is Biosphere Reserve and a quarter of its area enjoys international protection under the Ramsar Convention on the conservation of wetlands. The Matobo Hills area exhibits a profusion of distinctive rock landforms rising above the granite shield that covers much of Zimbabwe. The large boulders provide abundant natural shelters and have been associated with human occupation from the early Stone Age right through to early historical times, and intermittently since. They also feature an outstanding collection of rock paintings. The Matopo Hills continue to provide a strong focus for the local community, which still uses shrines and sacred places closely linked to traditional, social and economic activities. The landscape also features 19th- and 20th-century suburban villas and gardens and valuable natural features. This landscape was struck from the World Heritage list indue to the construction of a four lane highway across the Elbe [18]. It comprises numerous temples, pagodas, pavilions, gardens and ornamental trees, as well as causeways and artificial islands. Constructed by the Incas over several centuries and partly based on pre-Inca infrastructure, this extraordinary network through one of the world's most extreme geographical terrains linked the snow-capped peaks of the Andes — at an altitude of more than 6, m — to the coast, running through hot rainforests, fertile valleys, and absolute deserts. It reached its maximum expansion in the 15th century when it spread across the length and breadth of the Andes. From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. Landscape, which is permanently embossed by humans. See also: Cultural areaCultural geographyand Social space. Environment portal. Page James Cook University. Cairns, Australia. Pages New York, p. Bharatdwaj Physical Geography: a Landscape Appreciations. Discovery Publishing House. New York. University of California Publications in Geography. Number Berkeley: University of California Press. J World Heritage Cultural Landscapes - Paris, France. James Cook University, Cairns. Celticidade galaica no S. Revista Inter. INTERthesisv. Retrieved 26 June June 25, Retrieved October 14, Conzen, M. Denevan William M. Elkins, T. Brunn eds. James, P. Fry eds. Fedorov, Roman Journal of Eurasian Studies. Cultural anthropology Cultural astronomy Cultural Cultural geography Cultural neuroscience Cultural studies Culturology Culture theory Security culture Neuroculture. 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Acculturation Cultural appropriation Cultural area Cultural artifact Cultural baggage Cultural behavior Cultural bias Cultural capital Cross-cultural Cultural communication Cultural conflict Cultural cringe Cultural dissonance Cultural emphasis Cultural framework Cultural heritage Cultural icon Cultural identity Cultural industry Cultural invention Cultural landscape Cultural learning Cultural leveling Cultural memory Cultural pluralism Cultural practice Cultural Cultural reproduction Cultural system Cultural technology Cultural universal Cultureme Enculturation High- and low-context cultures Interculturality Manuscript culture Material culture Non-material culture Organizational culture Print culture Protoculture Safety culture Technoculture Trans-cultural diffusion Transculturation Visual culture. Category Commons WikiProject Changes. . Crop art Landscape painting conservation landscape nature Site-specific art . Cultural landscape Environmental anthropology Traditional ecological knowledge. Aesthetics of nature Constructivism Critical realism Ecophenomenology problem Social ecology. Religion and environmentalism . Environmental communication adult arts-based Academic Identities in Higher Education The Changing European Landscape 1st edition interpretation . Academic Identities in Higher Education The Changing European Landscape 1st edition studies Biophilia hypothesis ethic museums Property theory common property Science, technology and society . Environment portal Category Commons Journals Degrees. Namespaces Article Talk. Views Read Edit View history. Help Learn to edit Community portal Recent changes Upload file. Download as PDF Printable version. Wikimedia Commons.